doc: instrumentation: add documentation for the instrumentation subsystem #99149
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Add documentation for the instrumentation subsystem as this was missing from the initial contribution.
https://builds.zephyrproject.io/zephyr/pr/99149/docs/services/instrumentation/index.html
Note that the docs currently mention that retained memory is required to use the subsystem, but it really shouldn't be the case IMO, so the documentation will need to be updated if #99111 gets picked up.