Add data cataloging tutorial

[VeckoTheGecko]

Data cataloguing tutorial.

Goals:* At the end of this tutorial, you'll have an overview of what data cataloging is, why it is done, what tools are available. You'll also know how to open and browse some data catalogues.

I think having a broader set of goals than this wouldn't be helpful for us, and also risks duplicating some of the great resources out there.

I think we can definitely link to more resources though.

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[VeckoTheGecko]

@keewis what do you think would be a good example to show off odc-stac? I was looking at this example notebook "Access Sentinel 2 Data from AWS" on their docs. It seems like a bunch of setup, making we wonder if there's an example we can do better suited for this notebook.

[keewis]

@scottyhq, do you have any advice here? I believe you have more experience than I have with this.

[keewis]

You'd usually start with searching a STAC endpoint (you can find some examples here: https://radiantearth.github.io/stac-browser/#/. There's also the planetarycomputer one, and maybe @eni-awowale or @scottyhq can recommend additional ones).

Once you're satisfied with the result, you'd usestackstac or odc-stac to open the result as an xarray.Dataset object (those items can generate a mosaic for you, i.e. reproject / interpolate the satellite data to a common grid and collect into a single large image).

For example:

import rustac

result = rustac.search_sync(
    stac_api_url,
    collections="<collection-id>",
    bbox=[...],
    datetime="2026-07-01T08:00:00/2026-07-01T16:00:00",
    query={
        "eo:cloud_cover": {"lt": 10},
        "view:sun_elevation": {"gt": 30},
    },
)

(the items in query depend on what is provided by the item's properties. Usually, using stac-browser (see the link above) is the easiest to quickly explore that)

I don't know too much about odc-stac, but https://odc-stac.readthedocs.io/en/latest/notebooks/stac-load-e84-aws.html seems like a good example? That's using pystac_client instead of rustac (the difference is that the latter is implemented in rust, and may be faster to return... for tutorial-sized queries this shouldn't make much of a difference).

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