Redesign event protocol descriptors

.changeset/bright-event-protocols.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+"@typeonce/effect-machine": minor
+---
+
+Make `Machine.events` and `Machine.internalEvents` definition-time protocol descriptors that are passed directly to `Machine.make`. The descriptors expose type-safe deferred constructors while retaining their schemas privately, so applications can export the event API without exporting schemas or reaching for throwing schema `.make` methods.
+
+```ts
+const Events = Machine.events(PublicEvent)
+const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(InternalEvent)
+
+const machine = Machine.make({
+  states: States.states,
+  events: Events,
+  internalEvents: InternalEvents,
+  initial: () => States.initial.Idle.from()
+})
+```
+
+Remove the eager schema-based `Machine.event` constructor. Pass complete decoded event objects directly to APIs that intentionally retain values, such as manual model-testing scenarios or transport messages.

README.md

@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@ const Event = Schema.TaggedUnion({
 })
 
 const States = Machine.defineStates(State.cases)
+const CounterEvent = Machine.events(Event)
 
 const CounterDefinition = Machine.make({
   id: "Counter",
   states: States.states,
-  events: [Event],
+  events: CounterEvent,
   initial: () => States.initial.Idle.from()
 })
 
@@ -61,8 +62,6 @@ const Counter = CounterDefinition.handle({
   }
 })
 
-const CounterEvent = Machine.events(Counter)
-
 const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
   const ref = yield* Machine.start(Counter)
   yield* ref.send(CounterEvent.Start())
@@ -80,9 +79,11 @@ Use this order to preserve inference and keep boundaries explicit:
 
 1. Define domain, state, public-event, internal-event, and emitted-event schemas.
 2. Declare topology with `Machine.defineStates`.
-3. Create the protocol and initializer with `Machine.make`.
-4. Implement every active state with `.handle(...)`.
-5. Add runtime, Atom, testing, or cluster adapters at the application boundary.
+3. Create public and internal event descriptors with `Machine.events` and
+   `Machine.internalEvents`.
+4. Create the machine protocol and initializer with `Machine.make`.
+5. Implement every active state with `.handle(...)`.
+6. Add runtime, Atom, testing, or cluster adapters at the application boundary.
 
 ### Construct state through builders
 
@@ -134,22 +135,24 @@ const Internal = Schema.TaggedUnion({
   SaveFailed: { message: Schema.String }
 })
 
+export const CommandEvent = Machine.events(Command)
+export type PublicCommandEvent = Machine.EventOf<typeof CommandEvent>
+const InternalEvent = Machine.internalEvents(Internal)
+
 const definition = Machine.make({
   states: States.states,
-  events: [Command],
-  internalEvents: [Internal],
+  events: CommandEvent,
+  internalEvents: InternalEvent,
   initial: () => States.initial.Idle.from()
 })
-
-const CommandEvent = Machine.events(definition)
-const InternalEvent = Machine.internalEvents(definition)
 ```
 
 Handlers see both protocols. Typed `send` and `Machine.plan` accept only public
 events. Event tags must be unique and public/internal tags must be disjoint.
 
-Use `Machine.events(machine)` and `Machine.internalEvents(machine)` as the
-standard constructors for their respective protocols:
+Export the descriptor returned by `Machine.events` instead of exporting its
+schemas. This keeps the deferred constructors as the standard way to create
+events without exposing schema `.make` methods:
 
 ```ts
 ref.send(CommandEvent.Save())
@@ -160,6 +163,9 @@ The returned constructors preserve each schema's make input, including required
 fields and constructor defaults. They defer schema construction until delivery,
 so invalid values fail planning or the running machine with
 `MachineSchemaDecodeError` instead of throwing at the call site.
+Schemas with an open discriminator such as `_tag: Schema.String` remain valid
+protocols but cannot expose a finite constructor set; pass a complete event
+object to `send` or `Machine.plan` for those events.
 
 ### Choose the target by scope
 
@@ -296,18 +302,18 @@ import { MachineTest } from "@typeonce/effect-machine/testing"
 
 const trace = yield* MachineTest.run(Counter, {
   events: [
-    Machine.event(Counter, Event.cases.Start),
-    Machine.event(Counter, Event.cases.Increment)
+    { _tag: "Start" },
+    { _tag: "Increment" }
   ]
 })
 
 yield* MachineTest.verify(Counter, trace)
 ```
 
 `MachineTest` scenarios retain decoded event values for model inspection, so
-this is the main case for the eager `Machine.event` API. Pure planner tests do
-not execute invokes or time. Use a started machine and a probe when those
-semantics matter.
+pass complete decoded objects when defining scenarios manually. Pure planner
+tests do not execute invokes or time. Use a started machine and a probe when
+those semantics matter.
 
 ## Entrypoints
 

api-reference.config.json

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
         "decodeSnapshot",
         "defineStates",
         "encodeSnapshot",
-        "event",
+        "events",
+        "internalEvents",
         "invoke",
         "make",
         "plan",

docs/agent-guide.md

@@ -49,13 +49,15 @@ const InternalEvent = Schema.TaggedUnion({
 })
 
 const States = Machine.defineStates(State.cases)
+const Events = Machine.events(Event)
+const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(InternalEvent)
 ```
 
-After `Machine.make`, derive public constructors with `Machine.events(machine)`
-and internal constructors with `Machine.internalEvents(machine)`. Construct new
-state values through the target or initial builder's `.from(...)` method. Both
-event constructors and state `.from(...)` defer schema construction until
-planning, so validation failures remain typed machine errors. Use
+Pass these descriptors to `Machine.make` and export `Events` instead of the raw
+event schema. Construct new state values through the target or initial
+builder's `.from(...)` method. Both event constructors and state `.from(...)`
+defer schema construction until planning, so validation failures remain typed
+machine errors. Use
 `Schema.TaggedClass` when a case needs class methods or nominal class identity;
 the deferred constructors preserve that identity after decoding.
 
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@ const States = Machine.defineStates({
 
 const machine = Machine.make({
   states: States.states,
-  events: [],
+  events: Machine.events(),
   initial: () => States.initial.Done.from()
 }).handle({
   Done: {
@@ -505,15 +507,15 @@ an event for the parent. Both operations validate their schemas.
 union handled inside the statechart:
 
 ```ts
+const Events = Machine.events(Event)
+const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(InternalEvent)
+
 const definition = Machine.make({
   states: States.states,
-  events: [Event],
-  internalEvents: [InternalEvent],
+  events: Events,
+  internalEvents: InternalEvents,
   initial: () => States.initial.Idle.from()
 })
-
-const Events = Machine.events(definition)
-const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(definition)
 ```
 
 Use the protocol-bound constructors at every machine delivery boundary:
@@ -532,9 +534,13 @@ fields are intentionally unavailable until the owning machine processes it.
 
 Invalid constructor input fails `Machine.plan` or the running machine with
 `MachineSchemaDecodeError`; creating the instruction itself never performs
-schema validation. `Machine.event(machine, schema, fields?)` remains available
-as an eager low-level constructor for callers that explicitly want an already
-decoded value and accept synchronous failure.
+schema validation. APIs that explicitly retain decoded events, such as manual
+model-testing scenarios or transport messages, can receive complete event
+objects directly.
+
+An open discriminator such as `_tag: Schema.String` cannot produce named
+constructors because its tag set is not finite. The schema still participates
+in the protocol; pass a complete event object at the delivery boundary.
 
 Use the exported utility types when another API must preserve the boundary:
 
@@ -951,11 +957,11 @@ initial: () => States.initial.Idle.from()
 
 ### Invoked child emits events not accepted by the parent
 
-Add the child's emitted schemas to the parent machine's `internalEvents` array:
+Create an internal descriptor from the child's emitted schemas:
 
 ```ts
-events: [Submit],
-internalEvents: [...ChildMachine.emits]
+events: Machine.events(Submit),
+internalEvents: Machine.internalEvents(...ChildMachine.emits)
 ```
 
 ### An internal event is rejected by `send`

examples/platformer/src/machine.test.ts

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
 import { makeTextRenderer } from "../../../test/machine/visualization/text.ts"
 import {
   airJumpMode,
+  type CharacterEvent,
   CharacterEvents,
   CharacterMachine,
   type CharacterSnapshot,
-  Event,
   facingDirection,
   locomotionMode,
   wallContact
@@ -103,15 +103,17 @@ const laws = [
 
 // Exploration scenarios retain decoded events for trace inspection.
 const EventValue = {
-  Resume: () => Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.Resume),
-  Pause: (fields: { readonly at: number }) => Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.Pause, fields),
-  Reset: () => Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.Reset),
-  JumpPressed: (fields: { readonly at: number; readonly y: number; readonly wall: -1 | 0 | 1 }) =>
-    Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.JumpPressed, fields),
-  Landed: (fields: { readonly impact: number; readonly axis: -1 | 0 | 1; readonly at: number }) =>
-    Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.Landed, fields),
-  ApexReached: (fields: { readonly y: number }) => Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.ApexReached, fields),
-  DownPressed: (fields: { readonly at: number }) => Machine.event(CharacterMachine, Event.cases.DownPressed, fields)
+  Resume: (): CharacterEvent => ({ _tag: "Resume" }),
+  Pause: (fields: { readonly at: number }): CharacterEvent => ({ _tag: "Pause", ...fields }),
+  Reset: (): CharacterEvent => ({ _tag: "Reset" }),
+  JumpPressed: (
+    fields: { readonly at: number; readonly y: number; readonly wall: -1 | 0 | 1 }
+  ) => ({ _tag: "JumpPressed", ...fields } as const),
+  Landed: (
+    fields: { readonly impact: number; readonly axis: -1 | 0 | 1; readonly at: number }
+  ) => ({ _tag: "Landed", ...fields } as const),
+  ApexReached: (fields: { readonly y: number }) => ({ _tag: "ApexReached", ...fields } as const),
+  DownPressed: (fields: { readonly at: number }) => ({ _tag: "DownPressed", ...fields } as const)
 }
 
 const explorationEvents = ({ snapshot }: MachineTest.ExplorationStateContext<typeof CharacterMachine>) => {

examples/platformer/src/machine.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const State = Schema.TaggedUnion({
 })
 
 // Inputs and physics facts are one runtime-decoded, statically typed protocol.
-export const Event = Schema.TaggedUnion({
+const Event = Schema.TaggedUnion({
   Move: { axis: Axis, at: Schema.Number },
   JumpPressed: { at: Schema.Number, y: Schema.Number, wall: Axis },
   WallContact: { wall: Axis },
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ const InternalEvent = Schema.TaggedUnion({
   WallJump: { at: Schema.Number, push: Axis }
 })
 
+export const CharacterEvents = Machine.events(Event)
+const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(InternalEvent)
+
 const awayFrom = (wall: Axis): Axis => (wall === -1 ? 1 : wall === 1 ? -1 : 0)
 
 export const CharacterStates = Machine.defineStates({
@@ -124,14 +127,11 @@ const initialCharacter = () =>
 const definition = Machine.make({
   id: "PlatformerCharacter",
   states: CharacterStates.states,
-  events: [Event],
-  internalEvents: [InternalEvent],
+  events: CharacterEvents,
+  internalEvents: InternalEvents,
   initial: initialCharacter
 })
 
-export const CharacterEvents = Machine.events(definition)
-const InternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(definition)
-
 export const CharacterMachine = definition.handle({
   Character: {
     on: {

examples/playground/src/examples/examples.test.ts

@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ import { assert, describe, it } from "@effect/vitest"
 import { Machine } from "@typeonce/effect-machine"
 import { MachineTest } from "@typeonce/effect-machine/testing"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { MicrowaveEvent, MicrowaveMachine } from "./microwave/machine.ts"
+import { MicrowaveMachine } from "./microwave/machine.ts"
 import { TrafficLightMachine } from "./traffic-light/machine.ts"
-import { TurnstileEvent, TurnstileMachine } from "./turnstile/machine.ts"
+import { TurnstileMachine } from "./turnstile/machine.ts"
 import { SharedMachine, SharedTransportEvents } from "./worker-tabs/machine.ts"
 
 describe("playground machines", () => {
   it.effect("accepts only the command enabled by the current turnstile state", () =>
     Effect.gen(function*() {
       const trace = yield* MachineTest.run(TurnstileMachine, {
         events: [
-          Machine.event(TurnstileMachine, TurnstileEvent.cases.GatePushed),
-          Machine.event(TurnstileMachine, TurnstileEvent.cases.CoinInserted),
-          Machine.event(TurnstileMachine, TurnstileEvent.cases.CoinInserted),
-          Machine.event(TurnstileMachine, TurnstileEvent.cases.GatePushed)
+          { _tag: "GatePushed" },
+          { _tag: "CoinInserted" },
+          { _tag: "CoinInserted" },
+          { _tag: "GatePushed" }
         ]
       })
 
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ describe("playground machines", () => {
     Effect.gen(function*() {
       const trace = yield* MachineTest.run(MicrowaveMachine, {
         events: [
-          Machine.event(MicrowaveMachine, MicrowaveEvent.cases.PowerPressed),
-          Machine.event(MicrowaveMachine, MicrowaveEvent.cases.DoorOpened),
-          Machine.event(MicrowaveMachine, MicrowaveEvent.cases.PowerPressed),
-          Machine.event(MicrowaveMachine, MicrowaveEvent.cases.DoorClosed),
-          Machine.event(MicrowaveMachine, MicrowaveEvent.cases.PowerPressed)
+          { _tag: "PowerPressed" },
+          { _tag: "DoorOpened" },
+          { _tag: "PowerPressed" },
+          { _tag: "DoorClosed" },
+          { _tag: "PowerPressed" }
         ]
       })
 

examples/playground/src/examples/media-player/definition.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { Machine } from "@typeonce/effect-machine"
-import { initialAudioSettings, MediaPlayerEvent, MediaPlayerInternalEvent, MediaPlayerStates } from "./schemas.ts"
+import { initialAudioSettings, MediaPlayerEvents, MediaPlayerInternalEvents, MediaPlayerStates } from "./schemas.ts"
+
+export { MediaPlayerEvents, MediaPlayerInternalEvents } from "./schemas.ts"
 
 const initialPlayer = () =>
   MediaPlayerStates.initial.Player.from((player) =>
@@ -16,10 +18,7 @@ const initialPlayer = () =>
 export const MediaPlayerDefinition = Machine.make({
   id: "MediaPlayer",
   states: MediaPlayerStates.states,
-  events: [MediaPlayerEvent],
-  internalEvents: [MediaPlayerInternalEvent],
+  events: MediaPlayerEvents,
+  internalEvents: MediaPlayerInternalEvents,
   initial: initialPlayer
 })
-
-export const MediaPlayerEvents = Machine.events(MediaPlayerDefinition)
-export const MediaPlayerInternalEvents = Machine.internalEvents(MediaPlayerDefinition)