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feat: Optimized Sudoku solver with O(1) set-based validation #23

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feat: Optimized Sudoku solver with O(1) set-based validation #23

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949d6b8
feat: implement O(1) set-based validation with row_sets, col_sets, bo…
henriquefsousa Aug 29, 2025
904c059
feat: optimize Sudoku solver with O(1) set-based validation
henriquefsousa Aug 29, 2025
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144 changes: 89 additions & 55 deletions GUI.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
pygame.font.init()



class Grid:
board = [
[7, 8, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0],
Expand All @@ -16,34 +17,71 @@ class Grid:
[1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 7, 4, 0, 0],
[0, 4, 9, 2, 0, 6, 0, 0, 7]
]


def __init__(self, rows, cols, width, height, win):
self.rows = rows
self.cols = cols
self.cubes = [[Cube(self.board[i][j], i, j, width, height) for j in range(cols)] for i in range(rows)]
self.row_sets = [set() for _ in range(9)]
self.box_sets = [set() for _ in range(9)]
self.col_sets = [set() for _ in range(9)]
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.model = None
self.update_model()
self.selected = None
self.win = win

def update_model(self):
self.model = [[self.cubes[i][j].value for j in range(self.cols)] for i in range(self.rows)]
for i in range(9):
for j in range(9):
if self.board[i][j] != 0:
val = self.board[i][j]
box_index = (i // 3) * 3 + (j // 3)
self.row_sets[i].add(val)
self.col_sets[j].add(val)
self.box_sets[box_index].add(val)

def valid(self, val,pos):
row, col = pos
box_index = (row//3) * 3 + (col//3)
if val in self.col_sets[col] or val in self.row_sets[row] or val in self.box_sets[box_index]:
return False

return True

def place(self, val):
row, col = self.selected
if self.cubes[row][col].value == 0:
self.cubes[row][col].set(val)
self.update_model()
box_index = (row//3) * 3 + (col//3)

if valid(self.model, val, (row,col)) and self.solve():
return True
else:
self.cubes[row][col].set(0)
self.cubes[row][col].set_temp(0)
self.update_model()
if val in self.col_sets[col] or val in self.row_sets[row] or val in self.box_sets[box_index]:
return False

self.cubes[row][col].set(val)
self.col_sets[col].add(val)
self.row_sets[row].add(val)
self.box_sets[box_index].add(val)

return True

return False

def remove_number(self):
row, col = self.selected
if self.cubes[row][col].value != 0:
val = self.cubes[row][col].value
box_index = (row//3) * 3 + (col//3)

if val in self.row_sets[row]:
self.row_sets[row].remove(val)
if val in self.col_sets[col]:
self.col_sets[col].remove(val)
if val in self.box_sets[box_index]:
self.box_sets[box_index].remove(val)

self.cubes[row][col].set(0)
self.cubes[row][col].set_temp(0)
return True
return False


def sketch(self, val):
row, col = self.selected
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -93,54 +131,70 @@ def click(self, pos):
return None

def is_finished(self):
for i in range(self.rows):
for j in range(self.cols):
if self.cubes[i][j].value == 0:
return False
for row_set in self.row_sets:
if len(row_set) != 9:
return False
return True

def solve(self):
find = find_empty(self.model)
temp_model = [[self.cubes[i][j].value for j in range(self.cols)] for i in range(self.rows)]
find = find_empty(temp_model)
if not find:
return True
else:
row, col = find

for i in range(1, 10):
if valid(self.model, i, (row, col)):
self.model[row][col] = i
if self.valid(i, (row, col)):
box_index = (row//3) * 3 + (col//3)
self.row_sets[row].add(i)
self.col_sets[col].add(i)
self.box_sets[box_index].add(i)
temp_model[row][col] = i

if self.solve():
return True

self.model[row][col] = 0

self.row_sets[row].remove(i)
self.col_sets[col].remove(i)
self.box_sets[box_index].remove(i)
temp_model[row][col] = 0

return False

def solve_gui(self):
self.update_model()
find = find_empty(self.model)
temp_model = [[self.cubes[i][j].value for j in range(self.cols)] for i in range(self.rows)]
find = find_empty(temp_model)
if not find:
return True
else:
row, col = find

for i in range(1, 10):
if valid(self.model, i, (row, col)):
self.model[row][col] = i
if self.valid(i, (row, col)):
box_index = (row//3) * 3 + (col//3)

self.row_sets[row].add(i)
self.col_sets[col].add(i)
self.box_sets[box_index].add(i)

temp_model[row][col] = i
self.cubes[row][col].set(i)
self.cubes[row][col].draw_change(self.win, True)
self.update_model()

pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(100)

if self.solve_gui():
return True

self.model[row][col] = 0

self.row_sets[row].remove(i)
self.col_sets[col].remove(i)
self.box_sets[box_index].remove(i)
temp_model[row][col] = 0
self.cubes[row][col].set(0)
self.update_model()
self.cubes[row][col].draw_change(self.win, False)

pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(100)

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -209,29 +263,6 @@ def find_empty(bo):
return None


def valid(bo, num, pos):
# Check row
for i in range(len(bo[0])):
if bo[pos[0]][i] == num and pos[1] != i:
return False

# Check column
for i in range(len(bo)):
if bo[i][pos[1]] == num and pos[0] != i:
return False

# Check box
box_x = pos[1] // 3
box_y = pos[0] // 3

for i in range(box_y*3, box_y*3 + 3):
for j in range(box_x * 3, box_x*3 + 3):
if bo[i][j] == num and (i,j) != pos:
return False

return True


def redraw_window(win, board, time, strikes):
win.fill((255,255,255))
# Draw time
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -306,8 +337,11 @@ def main():
key = 8
if event.key == pygame.K_KP9:
key = 9
if event.key == pygame.K_DELETE:
board.clear()
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
if board.remove_number():
print("number removed")
else:
board.clear()
key = None

if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
Expand Down