[26.2] Kafka 4.x compatibility for non-Java clients

[kbatuigas]

Description

This pull request updates the Kafka client compatibility documentation to clarify which clients are validated with Redpanda and to improve accuracy and detail in the client compatibility table. The changes make it clearer which specific client versions are tested, expand the list of validated clients, and correct some references.

Documentation improvements:

• Clarified that Apache Kafka clients (protocol version 0.11 or later) generally work with Redpanda, and that validation is performed on the Apache Kafka Java client and a set of widely used non-Java clients at their current versions supporting Kafka 4.x. Also clarified that validation checks connectivity and correctness, but does not guarantee broker feature parity. [1] [2]
• Expanded and corrected the validated client table: updated the C/C++ client link to the correct confluentinc/librdkafka, added confluent-kafka-go for Go, and added both kafka-python and confluent-kafka-python for Python.
• Updated the note on unvalidated clients to remove the mention of confluent-python and focus on confluent-kafka-dotnet as an example of a client based on librdkafka.

Resolves https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/DOC-2093
Review deadline: 13 July

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Checks

• New feature
• Content gap
• Support Follow-up
• Small fix (typos, links, copyedits, etc)

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[kbatuigas]

@nguyen-andrew @mattschumpert from https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/DOC-2093 I'm not sure what the status is for Sarama, so I've left it out for now but please let me know if we can add it in.

[mattschumpert]

@nguyen-andrew @tyson-redpanda we have customers using Sarama and I think partial test coverage. Should we polish that off and claim support. or not?