[realpython-bot]

Syncs fastapi-url-shortener with the maintenance update of the tutorial Build a URL Shortener With FastAPI and Python.

What changed

In every step folder (source_code_step_1 to source_code_step_3, plus source_code_final):

• Pydantic v2: config.py imports BaseSettings and SettingsConfigDict from the new pydantic-settings package and uses model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env") in place of the inner class Config. schemas.py uses model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True) in place of orm_mode = True.
• SQLAlchemy 2.x: database.py imports declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm in place of the deprecated sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.
• requirements.txt: re-pinned to the article's new versions (fastapi 0.162.0, uvicorn 0.54.0, sqlalchemy 2.1.6, pydantic-settings 2.16.1, python-dotenv 1.2.4, validators 0.36.0), frozen with their transitive dependencies.

Before this change, the code doesn't run on any current FastAPI release, because from pydantic import BaseSettings raises PydanticImportError on Pydantic v2.

Verification

• Fresh venv on Python 3.15.1 with the new requirements.txt. Each step folder was smoke-tested with TestClient and warnings turned into errors: settings load from .env. Step 2 creates a URL and rejects an invalid one (400). Step 3 also forwards (307). Final also checks the admin info (click count 1, admin_url under /admin/), deletes the URL, and gets a 404 afterward.
• source_code_final also passes on Python 3.11.17, the new minimum version.
• ruff@0.14.1 format --check and ruff@0.14.1 check pass.

Links

• Article draft (admin): https://realpython.com/pbjt/blog/post/2586/change/
• Maintenance card: https://trello.com/c/oOByjiBg

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