fix: reset protocol parser state after malformed messages

[psh4607]

작업 배경

Malformed backend packets can make protocol decoding throw while the parser still retains the failed buffer. Reusing that parser then prepends the stale bytes to later responses and prevents recovery.

티켓 및 링크

• Closes #1052

작업 내용

• Reset retained parser buffer state when internal packet decoding throws, then rethrow the original error.
• Keep consumer callback errors outside the reset path.
• Add a regression test that reuses the same parser successfully after a malformed DataRow.
• Add a patch changeset for @electric-sql/pglite.

테스트

• pnpm --filter @electric-sql/pg-protocol exec vitest run (81 passed)
• pnpm --filter @electric-sql/pg-protocol typecheck
• pnpm --filter @electric-sql/pg-protocol stylecheck

---

^{Need help on this PR? Tag @codesmith-bot with what you need. Autofix is disabled.}

[psh4607]

This PR does not modify dependency manifests or lockfiles. The FOSSA findings appear unrelated to the scoped protocol parser recovery change in #1052.