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35 changes: 3 additions & 32 deletions README.md
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[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.6419749.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419749)

# Astronomy

## Contributing

We welcome all contributions to improve the lesson! Maintainers will do their best to help you if you have any
questions, concerns, or experience any difficulties along the way.

We'd like to ask you to familiarize yourself with our [Contribution Guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) and have a look at
the [more detailed guidelines][lesson-example] on proper formatting, ways to render the lesson locally, and even
how to write new episodes.

Please see the current list of [issues](https://github.com/datacarpentry/astronomy-python/issues) for ideas for contributing to this
repository. For making your contribution, we use the GitHub flow, which is
nicely explained in the chapter [Contributing to a Project](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/GitHub-Contributing-to-a-Project) in Pro Git
by Scott Chacon.
Look for the tag ![good\_first\_issue](https://img.shields.io/badge/-good%20first%20issue-gold.svg). This indicates that the maintainers will welcome a pull request fixing this issue.

## Maintainer(s)

Current maintainers of this lesson are

- [Azalee Bostroem](https://github.com/abostroem)
- [Rodolfo Montez Jr.](https://github.com/rudyphd)
- [Ralf Kotulla](https://github.com/rkotulla)

## Authors

A list of contributors to the lesson can be found in [AUTHORS](AUTHORS)
# Data Carpentry: Foundations of Astronomical Data Science
**This curriculum is retired.** The lesson pages remain online but the repository is archived and no new contributions can be made.
[Contact The Carpentries](mailto:team@carpentries.org) with your questions.

## Citation

To cite this lesson, please consult with [CITATION](CITATION)

[lesson-example]: https://carpentries.github.io/lesson-example



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# Life cycle stage of the lesson
# possible values: pre-alpha, alpha, beta, stable
life_cycle: 'stable'
life_cycle: 'retired'

# License of the lesson materials (recommended CC-BY 4.0)
license: 'CC-BY 4.0'
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site: sandpaper::sandpaper_site
---

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout

### Lesson Retired
**This curriculum is retired.** The lesson pages remain online but the source repository is archived and no new contributions can be made.
[Contact The Carpentries](mailto:team@carpentries.org) with your questions.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The Foundations of Astronomical Data Science curriculum covers a range of core concepts necessary to efficiently study the ever-growing datasets developed in modern astronomy. In particular, this curriculum teaches learners to perform database operations (SQL queries, joins, filtering) and to create publication-quality data visualisations. Learners will use software packages common to the general and astronomy-specific data science communities ([pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Astropy](https://www.astropy.org), [Astroquery](https://astroquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) combined with two astronomical datasets: the large, all-sky, multi-dimensional dataset from the [Gaia satellite](https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia), which measures the positions, motions, and distances of approximately a billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy with unprecedented accuracy and precision; and the [Pan-STARRS photometric survey](https://panstarrs.stsci.edu/), which precisely measures light output and distribution from many stars. Together, the software and datasets are used to reproduce part of the analysis from the article ["Off the beaten path: Gaia reveals GD-1 stars outside of the main stream"](https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.00425) by Drs. Adrian M. Price-Whelan and Ana Bonaca. This lesson shows how to identify and visualize the GD-1 stellar stream, which is a globular cluster that has been tidally stretched by the Milky Way.

GD-1 is a stellar stream around the Milky Way. This means it is a collection of stars that we believe was once part of a bound clump, but the gravitational influence of the Milky Way has torn it apart and spread it over an arc that traces out its orbit on the sky. This is interesting, because if the original bound clump was a dwarf galaxy, understanding its orbit with sufficient precision allows us to measure the mass of the Milky Way, which is very important for understanding the future and past of the Milky Way as a whole. But that is much easier to do if we have a coordinate system aligned with the stream because that makes fitting the location of the stars much easier mathematically - it becomes more linear instead of some complicated curve. Additionally, this stream is especially interesting because it has "gaps", which have a natural interpretation as being caused by the influence of small clumps of dark matter passing near the stream. Knowing the typical rate of these gaps tells you about the typical size and density of these clumps, which turns out to be one of the best probes we have of the fine structure of dark matter.
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