Core: Expose Iceberg-managed view properties

[charliec05]

Closes #17719

What changed

• Add ICEBERG_MANAGED_PROPERTIES in ViewProperties listing properties managed by Iceberg that should be preserved during view replacement.
• Add TestViewProperties coverage validating the set and confirming COMMENT is intentionally excluded.

Testing

• ./gradlew --no-parallel --max-workers=2 :iceberg-core:test --tests org.apache.iceberg.view.TestViewProperties
• ./gradlew --no-parallel --max-workers=2 :iceberg-core:spotlessCheck

Notes

• This PR addresses issue Core: Expose Iceberg-managed view properties #17719 by surfacing managed view properties as an explicit set for downstream engines.