[FLINK-39184][core] Introduce Bitmap type for DataStream API

[dylanhz]

What is the purpose of the change

Introduce the BITMAP data type for the DataStream API as specified in FLIP-556.

Brief change log

• Added Bitmap interface (@PublicEvolving) and its internal implementation RoaringBitmapData
• Added BitmapTypeInfo, BitmapSerializer, Types.BITMAP, and TypeExtractor support
• Added org.roaringbitmap:RoaringBitmap:1.3.0 dependency in flink-core

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• RoaringBitmapDataTest — static constructors, instance methods, logical operations, large cardinality, output format, hashCode consistency
• BitmapSerializerTest — serialize/deserialize round-trip and copy behavior
• BitmapSerializerUpgradeTest — serializer snapshot compatibility
• BitmapTypeInfoTest — type info properties

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): yes (org.roaringbitmap:RoaringBitmap:1.3.0)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): yes
• The serializers: yes
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? yes
• If yes, how is the feature documented? JavaDocs

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 780e23f Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build