整理排序算法中文文档并统一教学资料体系

[StephenQiu30]

变更概述

• 新增排序算法文档编写规范，统一中文命名、结构与术语表达
• 补充并统一现有 的导语与结尾收束
• 新增 六篇排序算法专题中文文档
• 同步并归档 OpenSpec 变更，补充主 specs

主要文件

• 新增专题文档

说明

• 本次提交聚焦排序算法教学文档整理与中文化统一
• 未包含不相关的 本地新增文件

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Note

Low Risk
Documentation-only changes that add/adjust learning materials and OpenSpec specs; risk is limited to potential content/structure inconsistencies impacting readers or downstream doc ingestion, not runtime behavior.

Overview
Unifies the docs/ sorting-algorithm teaching materials into a consistent Chinese Q&A-style set. Adds a new writing guideline (docs/00-排序算法文档编写规范.md) and updates existing docs/01-12 by adding intro lead-ins and closing summaries/question prompts to standardize structure and tone.

Expands coverage with new专题 documents (docs/13-18) for counting sort, bucket sort, TopK selection, external sorting, visualization-oriented teaching design, and a learning roadmap/knowledge graph.

Archives and updates OpenSpec artifacts to capture the proposal/design, task checklist, and new specs for sorting-docs-curation and sorting-doc-style-consistency requirements.

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