PyPSA · fneum · Feb 13, 2026 · Feb 13, 2026 · Feb 13, 2026 · Feb 13, 2026
diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Upcoming Release
 ..   The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! 
 ..   To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch.
 
+* Update electricity transmission and offshore wind connection costs based on latest DEA data (https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, July 2025).
+  Align unit costs of offshore wind connection and general transmission. For offshore wind connections, include missing FOM.
 * Changed currency year from 2020 to 2025 for all cost assumptions using updated Eurostat inflation rates.
 
 * Update fossil fuel (gas, oil, lignite) and nuclear fuel (nuclear, uranium) costs based on TYNDP 2024 scenarios data.

diff --git a/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv b/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv
@@ -189,10 +189,4 @@ electricity grid connection,2030,FOM,2,%/year,TODO
 decentral oil boiler,2030,investment,156.0140915953699,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung)
 decentral oil boiler,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)
 decentral oil boiler,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)
-decentral oil boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)
-offwind-ac-station,2030,investment,250,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data
-offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2685,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data
-offwind-ac-connection-underground,2030,investment,1342,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data
-offwind-dc-station,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction
-offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf
-offwind-dc-connection-underground,2030,investment,1000,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction
+decentral oil boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)
diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv
diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv
diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv