NVIDIA · ispeters · Jul 23, 2026 · Jul 24, 2026 · Jul 24, 2026 · Jul 24, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.cpu.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.cpu.yml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           - { name: "CPU (clang 16, Release)",       build: "Release", tag: llvm16-cuda12.9, cxxstd: "20", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++" }
           - { name: "CPU (clang 16, Release, ASAN)", build: "Release", tag: llvm16-cuda12.9, cxxstd: "20", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++ -fsanitize=address -fsanitize-ignorelist=/home/coder/stdexec/sanitizer-ignorelist.txt" }
           - { name: "CPU (clang 22, Debug)",         build: "Debug",   tag: llvm22-cuda13.2, cxxstd: "23", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++" }
+          - { name: "CPU (clang 22, Debug, modules)",         build: "Debug",   tag: llvm22-cuda13.2, cxxstd: "23", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++" }
           - { name: "CPU (clang 22, Release)",       build: "Release", tag: llvm22-cuda13.2, cxxstd: "23", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++" }
           - { name: "CPU (clang 22, Release, noexcept)",       build: "Release", tag: llvm22-cuda13.2, cxxstd: "23", cxxflags: "-stdlib=libc++ -fno-exceptions" }
           - { name: "CPU (gcc 12, Debug)",           build: "Debug",   tag: gcc12-cuda12.9,  cxxstd: "20", cxxflags: "", }
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD:STRING=${{ matrix.cxxstd }} \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS:BOOL=OFF \
             -DSTDEXEC_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=ON \
+            -DSTDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES:BOOL=${{ contains(matrix.name, 'modules') }} \
             ;
 
           # Compile

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25.0)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28.0)
 
 set(ENV{SCCACHE_NO_DIST_COMPILE} "1")
 
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ if(POLICY CMP0167)
   set(CMAKE_POLICY_DEFAULT_CMP0167 NEW)
 endif()
 
+include(cmake/enable-experimental-import-std.cmake)
+
 ##############################################################################
 # Initialize rapids-cmake
 include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/RAPIDS.cmake)
@@ -172,7 +174,20 @@ option(STDEXEC_BUILD_RELACY_TESTS "Build stdexec relacy tests" ${STDEXEC_BUILD_R
 set(stdexec_export_targets)
 
 # Define the main library
-add_library(stdexec INTERFACE)
+option(STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES "Build stdexec C++20 modules" OFF)
+if(STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES)
+    set(stdexec_scope PUBLIC)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES ON)
+else()
+    set(stdexec_scope INTERFACE)
+endif()
+
+if(STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES)
+    add_library(stdexec OBJECT)
+    target_compile_definitions(stdexec PUBLIC STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES=1)
+else()
+    add_library(stdexec INTERFACE)
+endif()
 
 file(GLOB_RECURSE exec_headers CONFIGURE_DEPENDS include/exec/*.hpp)
 file(GLOB_RECURSE stdexec_headers CONFIGURE_DEPENDS include/stdexec/*.hpp)
@@ -191,8 +206,21 @@ PUBLIC
   FILES
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/stdexec_version_config.hpp
 )
+if(STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES)
+  target_sources(stdexec
+    PUBLIC
+      FILE_SET CXX_MODULES
+      TYPE CXX_MODULES
+      BASE_DIRS modules
+      FILES
+        modules/stdexec.cppm
+  )
+
+  set_target_properties(stdexec PROPERTIES CXX_MODULE_STD ON)
+endif()
+
 # Mark include directories as SYSTEM so consumers don't get warnings from stdexec internals
-target_include_directories(stdexec SYSTEM INTERFACE
+target_include_directories(stdexec SYSTEM ${stdexec_scope}
   $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
   $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include>
   $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
@@ -214,10 +242,16 @@ endif()
 # Declare the public include directories
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
-target_link_libraries(stdexec INTERFACE Threads::Threads)
+target_link_libraries(stdexec ${stdexec_scope} Threads::Threads)
 
-# Use C++20 standard
-target_compile_features(stdexec INTERFACE cxx_std_20)
+if(STDEXEC_BUILD_MODULES)
+    # Use C++23 standard; modules were introduced in 20 so this feels
+    # like it ought to be unnecessary, but it makes `import std` work
+    target_compile_features(stdexec ${stdexec_scope} cxx_std_23)
+else()
+    # Use C++20 standard
+    target_compile_features(stdexec ${stdexec_scope} cxx_std_20)
+endif()
 
 # # Enable GPU compilation when using NVHPC compiler
 # target_compile_options(stdexec INTERFACE
@@ -228,28 +262,28 @@ target_compile_features(stdexec INTERFACE cxx_std_20)
 #                        )
 
 # Enable coroutines for GCC
-target_compile_options(stdexec INTERFACE
+target_compile_options(stdexec ${stdexec_scope}
                        $<$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,GNU>:-fcoroutines>
                        )
 
 # Increase the concepts diagnostics depth for GCC
-target_compile_options(stdexec INTERFACE
+target_compile_options(stdexec ${stdexec_scope}
                        $<$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,GNU>:-fconcepts-diagnostics-depth=10>
                        )
 
 # Do you want a preprocessor that works? Picky, picky.
-target_compile_options(stdexec INTERFACE
+target_compile_options(stdexec ${stdexec_scope}
                        $<$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,MSVC>:/Zc:__cplusplus /Zc:preprocessor /Zc:externConstexpr /bigobj>
                        )
 
 set(STDEXEC_NAMESPACE "stdexec" CACHE STRING "The name of the top-level namespace for stdexec")
 if (NOT STDEXEC_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "stdexec")
-  target_compile_definitions(stdexec INTERFACE STDEXEC_NAMESPACE=${STDEXEC_NAMESPACE})
+  target_compile_definitions(stdexec ${stdexec_scope} STDEXEC_NAMESPACE=${STDEXEC_NAMESPACE})
 endif()
 
 option(STDEXEC_ENABLE_EXTRA_TYPE_CHECKING "Enable extra type checking that is costly at compile-time" OFF)
 if (STDEXEC_ENABLE_EXTRA_TYPE_CHECKING)
-  target_compile_definitions(stdexec INTERFACE STDEXEC_ENABLE_EXTRA_TYPE_CHECKING)
+  target_compile_definitions(stdexec ${stdexec_scope} STDEXEC_ENABLE_EXTRA_TYPE_CHECKING)
 endif()
 
 add_library(STDEXEC::stdexec ALIAS stdexec)
@@ -519,6 +553,7 @@ endif()
 
 ##############################################################################
 # Install targets ------------------------------------------------------------
+# TODO: this is broken in the modules build
 if(STDEXEC_INSTALL)
 	include(CPack)
 

diff --git a/cmake/enable-experimental-import-std.cmake b/cmake/enable-experimental-import-std.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "4.3.0")
+    set(CMAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX_IMPORT_STD
+        "451f2fe2-a8a2-47c3-bc32-94786d8fc91b"
+    )
+elseif(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.30.0")
+    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.31.8")
+        set(CMAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX_IMPORT_STD
+            "0e5b6991-d74f-4b3d-a41c-cf096e0b2508"
+        )
+    elseif(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "4.0.0")
+        set(CMAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX_IMPORT_STD
+            "d0edc3af-4c50-42ea-a356-e2862fe7a444"
+        )
+    elseif(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "4.0.3")
+        set(CMAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX_IMPORT_STD
+            "a9e1cf81-9932-4810-974b-6eccaf14e457"
+        )
+    elseif(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "4.3.0")
+        set(CMAKE_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX_IMPORT_STD
+            "d0edc3af-4c50-42ea-a356-e2862fe7a444"
+        )
+    endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/include/stdexec/__detail/__any.hpp b/include/stdexec/__detail/__any.hpp
@@ -15,25 +15,35 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
-#include "__concepts.hpp"
 #include "__config.hpp"
-#include "__memory.hpp"
-#include "__type_traits.hpp"
-#include "__typeinfo.hpp"
-#include "__utility.hpp"
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
+#if STDEXEC_USE_MODULES() && !defined(STDEXEC_IN_MODULE_PURVIEW)
 
-#include <bit>
-#include <exception>
-#include <memory>
-#include <span>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <utility>
+import stdexec;
 
-#include "__prologue.hpp"
+#else
+
+#  include "__concepts.hpp"
+#  include "__config.hpp"
+#  include "__memory.hpp"
+#  include "__type_traits.hpp"
+#  include "__typeinfo.hpp"
+#  include "__utility.hpp"
+
+#  if !STDEXEC_USE_MODULES()
+#    include <cstddef>
+#    include <cstdint>
+#    include <cstring>
+
+#    include <bit>
+#    include <exception>
+#    include <memory>
+#    include <span>
+#    include <type_traits>
+#    include <utility>
+#  endif
+
+#  include "__prologue.hpp"
 
 STDEXEC_PRAGMA_IGNORE_GNU("-Wredundant-consteval-if")
 STDEXEC_PRAGMA_IGNORE_GNU("-Warray-bounds")
@@ -465,15 +475,15 @@ namespace STDEXEC::__any
       : __val_(static_cast<_Args &&>(__args)...)
     {}
 
-#if !STDEXEC_GCC()
+#  if !STDEXEC_GCC()
     template <class _Fn, class... _Args>
     constexpr explicit __box(__in_place_from_t, _Fn &&__fn, _Args &&...__args)
       noexcept(__nothrow_callable<_Fn, _Args...>)
       : __val_(static_cast<_Fn &&>(__fn)(static_cast<_Args &&>(__args)...))
     {
       static_assert(__same_as<__call_result_t<_Fn, _Args...>, _Value>);
     }
-#else
+#  else
     template <class _Fn, class... _Args>
     constexpr explicit __box(__in_place_from_t, _Fn &&__fn, _Args &&...__args)
       noexcept(__nothrow_callable<_Fn, _Args...>)
@@ -516,7 +526,7 @@ namespace STDEXEC::__any
       __val_ = __rhs.__val_;
       return *this;
     }
-#endif
+#  endif
 
     template <class _Self>
     [[nodiscard]]
@@ -526,16 +536,16 @@ namespace STDEXEC::__any
     }
 
    private:
-#if !STDEXEC_GCC()
+#  if !STDEXEC_GCC()
     STDEXEC_ATTRIBUTE(no_unique_address)
     _Value __val_;
-#else
+#  else
     union
     {
       STDEXEC_ATTRIBUTE(no_unique_address)
       _Value __val_;
     };
-#endif
+#  endif
   };
 
   template <class _Interface, __box_kind _BoxKind>
@@ -1583,28 +1593,28 @@ namespace STDEXEC::__any
   struct __bad_any_cast : std::exception
   {
     [[nodiscard]]
-#if __cpp_lib_constexpr_exceptions >= 202502L  // constexpr support for std::exception
+#  if __cpp_lib_constexpr_exceptions >= 202502L  // constexpr support for std::exception
     constexpr
-#endif
+#  endif
       char const *what() const noexcept override
     {
       return "__bad_any_cast";
     }
   };
 
-#if defined(__cpp_exceptions) && __cpp_exceptions >= 199711L
+#  if defined(__cpp_exceptions) && __cpp_exceptions >= 199711L
   [[noreturn]]
   inline void __throw_bad_any_cast()
   {
     throw __bad_any_cast();
   }
-#else
+#  else
   [[noreturn]]
   inline constexpr void __throw_bad_any_cast() noexcept
   {
     STDEXEC::__die("__bad_any_cast\n");
   }
-#endif
+#  endif
 
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   //! __any_static_cast
@@ -2254,4 +2264,5 @@ namespace STDEXEC::__any
 
 // NOLINTEND(moderize-use-override)
 
-#include "__epilogue.hpp"
+#  include "__epilogue.hpp"
+#endif // !STDEXEC_USE_MODULES() || defined(STDEXEC_IN_MODULE_PURVIEW)