Implement transaction validate command

[palas]

Changelog

- description: |
    Add `transaction validate` command that validates a signed transaction against
    the node's current ledger state via the LocalStateQuery protocol, reporting
    both phase-1 (ledger rule) and phase-2 (Plutus script) errors with
    human-readable rendering.
  type:
    - feature

Context

Implements the transaction validate CLI command, which validates a signed transaction file against a running node's ledger state.

Part of IntersectMBO/cardano-cli#1380.

Big picture: transaction validate currently applies applyTx client-side with an empty UTxO set, making it unable to properly validate transactions. This cross-repo change adds a new ValidateTx query to the LocalStateQuery protocol so the node validates transactions against its real ledger state and UTxO set.

transaction validate PR list:

• [ouroboros-network] Add NodeToClientV_24 for ValidateTx query ouroboros-network#5377
• [ouroboros-consensus] Implement ValidateTx query for LocalStateQuery protocol ouroboros-consensus#2052
• [cardano-api] Implement server-side transaction validation via LocalStateQuery cardano-api#1228
• [cardano-cli] (this PR)
• [cardano-node] Add support for NodeToClientV_24 and transaction validate integration tests cardano-node#6582

What this PR does

• Adds transaction validate subcommand under the Conway and Latest era parsers, accepting --node-socket-path, --testnet-magic/--mainnet, and --tx-file
• Implements runTransactionValidateCmd which deserialises the tx file, connects to the node, calls validateTx from cardano-api, and renders the results
• Adds a comprehensive human-readable error renderer (renderApplyTxErrors in Cardano.CLI.EraBased.Transaction.Internal.ErrorRendering) that renders Conway ledger predicate failures including: UTxO validation errors (fee too low, value not conserved, missing inputs, max tx size exceeded), witness errors (missing VKey/script witnesses, native script failures), certificate errors (delegation, DRep, pool), governance errors, and Plutus script failures with script hashes and redeemer details
• Updates golden help files for conway transaction and latest transaction

How to trust this PR

Integration tests in cardano-testnet (in the cardano-node PR) exercise the full round-trip: valid simple txs, valid Plutus txs, fee-too-low, value-not-conserved, missing witnesses, missing script witnesses, no collateral, max-tx-size exceeded, phase-2 failures, and multi-error scenarios — each with golden file comparison.

Checklist

• Commit sequence broadly makes sense and commits have useful messages
• New tests are added if needed and existing tests are updated. See Running tests for more details
• Self-reviewed the diff

Closes #1380