Add local server state machine subprocess tests

[sdairs]

Summary

• add one table-driven real-binary suite for the complete project-local ClickHouse server state machine
• cover fresh, default, generated-name, custom-only, multi-server, and exact-CWD root/child transitions
• assert structured output and errors together with metadata, process liveness, and data-directory state in isolated temporary HOME and project directories
• disable telemetry and seed the temporary update cache so the suite does not touch user state or depend on network access

Closes #479

Tests

• cargo test -p clickhousectl --test local_server_state_machine_test (4 consecutive corrected runs; 25.29s-25.53s)
• cargo test -p clickhousectl (639 unit tests plus all integration suites)
• cargo fmt --all --check
• cargo clippy -p clickhousectl --all-targets -- -D warnings

Stack

• Position: child 12 of 12 in gh-stack #519
• Base: Clarify local server lifecycle help #520 (issue-478-local-lifecycle-help)
• Parent PR should merge first; this PR is not intended to merge independently.