Keep local install workflow triggers aligned

[sdairs]

Summary

• Replace the broad local install workflow filter with an exact mapping of installer-affecting source, subprocess test, manifest, lockfile, toolchain, and workflow paths.
• Keep unrelated local and Postgres-only files explicitly classified out while covering shared dispatch, output, HTTP, path, server-discovery, and inherited version-manager dependencies.
• Add a fail-closed inventory test, run by both the broad CLI workflow and install workflow, so new or renamed non-Cloud CLI Rust and subprocess test files require an explicit mapping decision.

Tests

• python3 -m unittest discover -s scripts/tests -p 'test_*.py'
• cargo test -p clickhousectl
• cargo fmt --all --check
• cargo clippy -p clickhousectl --all-targets -- -D warnings
• Ruby YAML parsing for .github/workflows/test-cli.yml and .github/workflows/test-install.yml

Stack

• Position: 5 of 5
• Base: issue-462-install-errors-help (Make local install failures and prerequisites actionable #507)
• GitHub stack: #497

Closes #461

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