fix quadratic parsing of WWW-Authenticate challenge in _parse_challenge

[nabhan06]

Description

Quadratic parsing of the container registry challenge header

The auth bootstrap parses the WWW-Authenticate header from the registry's 401 response in _parse_challenge (azure/containerregistry/_helpers.py). The regex was applied with re.split, and (?:(\w+)="([^"]*)")+ backtracks over a long run of word characters that isn't followed by =", so a registry that returns an oversized challenge makes parsing cost O(n^2) — this runs before the client is authenticated. Anchored the pattern to a separator/start and switched to finditer, which walks the header once. Valid challenges parse to the same result; the _clean helper is no longer needed.

A 100k-char header goes from tens of seconds to a couple of milliseconds. Added a unit test in TestContainerRegistryClientUnitTests covering both a normal challenge and the adversarial one.

All SDK Contribution checklist:

• The pull request does not introduce [breaking changes]
• CHANGELOG is updated for new features, bug fixes or other significant changes.
• I have read the contribution guidelines.

General Guidelines and Best Practices

• Title of the pull request is clear and informative.
• There are a small number of commits, each of which have an informative message.

Testing Guidelines

• Pull request includes test coverage for the included changes.

[github-actions]

Thank you for your contribution @nabhan06! We will review the pull request and get back to you soon.

[microsoft-github-policy-service]

@nabhan06 please read the following Contributor License Agreement(CLA). If you agree with the CLA, please reply with the following information.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree [company="{your company}"]

Options:

• (default - no company specified) I have sole ownership of intellectual property rights to my Submissions and I am not making Submissions in the course of work for my employer.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

• (when company given) I am making Submissions in the course of work for my employer (or my employer has intellectual property rights in my Submissions by contract or applicable law). I have permission from my employer to make Submissions and enter into this Agreement on behalf of my employer. By signing below, the defined term “You” includes me and my employer.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree company="Microsoft"

Contributor License Agreement

Contribution License Agreement

This Contribution License Agreement (“Agreement”) is agreed to by the party signing below (“You”),
and conveys certain license rights to Microsoft Corporation and its affiliates (“Microsoft”) for Your
contributions to Microsoft open source projects. This Agreement is effective as of the latest signature
date below.

1. Definitions.
   “Code” means the computer software code, whether in human-readable or machine-executable form,
   that is delivered by You to Microsoft under this Agreement.
   “Project” means any of the projects owned or managed by Microsoft and offered under a license
   approved by the Open Source Initiative (www.opensource.org).
   “Submit” is the act of uploading, submitting, transmitting, or distributing code or other content to any
   Project, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control
   systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Project for the purpose of
   discussing and improving that Project, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or
   otherwise designated in writing by You as “Not a Submission.”
   “Submission” means the Code and any other copyrightable material Submitted by You, including any
   associated comments and documentation.
2. Your Submission. You must agree to the terms of this Agreement before making a Submission to any
   Project. This Agreement covers any and all Submissions that You, now or in the future (except as
   described in Section 4 below), Submit to any Project.
3. Originality of Work. You represent that each of Your Submissions is entirely Your original work.
   Should You wish to Submit materials that are not Your original work, You may Submit them separately
   to the Project if You (a) retain all copyright and license information that was in the materials as You
   received them, (b) in the description accompanying Your Submission, include the phrase “Submission
   containing materials of a third party:” followed by the names of the third party and any licenses or other
   restrictions of which You are aware, and (c) follow any other instructions in the Project’s written
   guidelines concerning Submissions.
4. Your Employer. References to “employer” in this Agreement include Your employer or anyone else
   for whom You are acting in making Your Submission, e.g. as a contractor, vendor, or agent. If Your
   Submission is made in the course of Your work for an employer or Your employer has intellectual
   property rights in Your Submission by contract or applicable law, You must secure permission from Your
   employer to make the Submission before signing this Agreement. In that case, the term “You” in this
   Agreement will refer to You and the employer collectively. If You change employers in the future and
   desire to Submit additional Submissions for the new employer, then You agree to sign a new Agreement
   and secure permission from the new employer before Submitting those Submissions.
5. Licenses.

• Copyright License. You grant Microsoft, and those who receive the Submission directly or
  indirectly from Microsoft, a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable license in the
  Submission to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, and distribute
  the Submission and such derivative works, and to sublicense any or all of the foregoing rights to third
  parties.
• Patent License. You grant Microsoft, and those who receive the Submission directly or
  indirectly from Microsoft, a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable license under
  Your patent claims that are necessarily infringed by the Submission or the combination of the
  Submission with the Project to which it was Submitted to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell and
  import or otherwise dispose of the Submission alone or with the Project.
• Other Rights Reserved. Each party reserves all rights not expressly granted in this Agreement.
  No additional licenses or rights whatsoever (including, without limitation, any implied licenses) are
  granted by implication, exhaustion, estoppel or otherwise.

6. Representations and Warranties. You represent that You are legally entitled to grant the above
   licenses. You represent that each of Your Submissions is entirely Your original work (except as You may
   have disclosed under Section 3). You represent that You have secured permission from Your employer to
   make the Submission in cases where Your Submission is made in the course of Your work for Your
   employer or Your employer has intellectual property rights in Your Submission by contract or applicable
   law. If You are signing this Agreement on behalf of Your employer, You represent and warrant that You
   have the necessary authority to bind the listed employer to the obligations contained in this Agreement.
   You are not expected to provide support for Your Submission, unless You choose to do so. UNLESS
   REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING, AND EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTIES
   EXPRESSLY STATED IN SECTIONS 3, 4, AND 6, THE SUBMISSION PROVIDED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS
   PROVIDED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTY OF
   NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
7. Notice to Microsoft. You agree to notify Microsoft in writing of any facts or circumstances of which
   You later become aware that would make Your representations in this Agreement inaccurate in any
   respect.
8. Information about Submissions. You agree that contributions to Projects and information about
   contributions may be maintained indefinitely and disclosed publicly, including Your name and other
   information that You submit with Your Submission.
9. Governing Law/Jurisdiction. This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Washington, and
   the parties consent to exclusive jurisdiction and venue in the federal courts sitting in King County,
   Washington, unless no federal subject matter jurisdiction exists, in which case the parties consent to
   exclusive jurisdiction and venue in the Superior Court of King County, Washington. The parties waive all
   defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction and forum non-conveniens.
10. Entire Agreement/Assignment. This Agreement is the entire agreement between the parties, and
    supersedes any and all prior agreements, understandings or communications, written or oral, between
    the parties relating to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be assigned by Microsoft.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR fixes a quadratic-time (ReDoS-style) parsing vulnerability in the container registry auth bootstrap. The WWW-Authenticate challenge header from a registry's unauthenticated 401 response is parsed in _parse_challenge (_helpers.py). The previous pattern (?:(\w+)="([^"]*)")+ used with re.split backtracked over long runs of word characters not followed by =", so an oversized challenge cost O(n²) — and this executes before the client is authenticated. The fix anchors each key/value pair to the start or a whitespace/comma separator and switches to finditer, which scans the header once. I verified that valid challenges still parse to the same realm/service/scope keys consumed by callers (_exchange_client.py and async/anonymous variants), and that the adversarial input now fails in constant time per position.

Changes:

• Replaced the backtracking-prone regex + re.split + _clean helper with an anchored pattern parsed via finditer, removing the now-unused _clean function and List import.
• Added two unit tests: a normal challenge and an adversarial 100k-char header regression guard.
• Added a CHANGELOG entry under 1.2.1 (Unreleased) → Bugs Fixed.

I confirmed the List import removal is safe (no remaining usage in _helpers.py), the tests are placed in the credential-free TestContainerRegistryClientUnitTests class, and the callers still receive the expected keys.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
azure/containerregistry/_helpers.py	Anchored the challenge regex, switched to finditer, and removed the now-unused _clean helper and List import to eliminate O(n²) parsing.
tests/test_container_registry_client.py	Added unit tests for a normal challenge and an adversarial oversized header.
CHANGELOG.md	Documented the fix under 1.2.1 Bugs Fixed.

[nabhan06]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree company="BugQore"