diff --git a/integrations/vite/index.test.ts b/integrations/vite/index.test.ts
index 91570a6fcc2d..b8b2ad6e39df 100644
--- a/integrations/vite/index.test.ts
+++ b/integrations/vite/index.test.ts
@@ -1103,3 +1103,63 @@ test(
     expect(content).toContain('display: flex;')
   },
 )
+
+test(
+  `the plugin works when using the environment API`,
+  {
+    fs: {
+      'package.json': txt`
+        {
+          "type": "module",
+          "dependencies": {
+            "@tailwindcss/vite": "workspace:^",
+            "tailwindcss": "workspace:^"
+          },
+          "devDependencies": {
+            "vite": "^7"
+          }
+        }
+      `,
+      'vite.config.ts': ts`
+        import tailwindcss from '@tailwindcss/vite'
+        import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
+
+        export default defineConfig({
+          plugins: [tailwindcss()],
+          builder: {},
+          environments: {
+            server: {
+              build: {
+                cssMinify: false,
+                emitAssets: true,
+                rollupOptions: { input: './src/server.ts' },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        })
+      `,
+      // Has to exist or the build fails
+      'index.html': html`
+        <div class="content-['index.html']"></div>
+      `,
+      'src/server.ts': js`
+        // Import the stylesheet in the server build
+        import a from './index.css?url'
+        console.log(a)
+      `,
+      'src/index.css': css`
+        @reference 'tailwindcss/theme';
+        @import 'tailwindcss/utilities';
+      `,
+    },
+  },
+  async ({ root, fs, exec, expect }) => {
+    await exec('pnpm vite build', { cwd: root })
+
+    let files = await fs.glob('dist/**/*.css')
+    expect(files).toHaveLength(1)
+    let [filename] = files[0]
+
+    await fs.expectFileToContain(filename, [candidate`content-['index.html']`])
+  },
+)
diff --git a/packages/@tailwindcss-vite/src/index.ts b/packages/@tailwindcss-vite/src/index.ts
index 29b85b2be0ff..709ab9db0a15 100644
--- a/packages/@tailwindcss-vite/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/@tailwindcss-vite/src/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import { clearRequireCache } from '@tailwindcss/node/require-cache'
 import { Scanner } from '@tailwindcss/oxide'
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises'
 import path from 'node:path'
-import type { Plugin, ResolvedConfig, ViteDevServer } from 'vite'
+import type { Environment, Plugin, ResolvedConfig, ViteDevServer } from 'vite'
+import * as vite from 'vite'
 
 const DEBUG = env.DEBUG
 const SPECIAL_QUERY_RE = /[?&](?:worker|sharedworker|raw|url)\b/
@@ -28,28 +29,51 @@ export type PluginOptions = {
 export default function tailwindcss(opts: PluginOptions = {}): Plugin[] {
   let servers: ViteDevServer[] = []
   let config: ResolvedConfig | null = null
+  let rootsByEnv = new DefaultMap<string, Map<string, Root>>((env: string) => new Map())
 
   let isSSR = false
   let shouldOptimize = true
   let minify = true
 
-  let roots: DefaultMap<string, Root> = new DefaultMap((id) => {
-    let cssResolver = config!.createResolver({
-      ...config!.resolve,
-      extensions: ['.css'],
-      mainFields: ['style'],
-      conditions: ['style', 'development|production'],
-      tryIndex: false,
-      preferRelative: true,
-    })
-    function customCssResolver(id: string, base: string) {
-      return cssResolver(id, base, true, isSSR)
-    }
+  function createRoot(env: Environment | null, id: string) {
+    type ResolveFn = (id: string, base: string) => Promise<string | false | undefined>
+
+    let customCssResolver: ResolveFn
+    let customJsResolver: ResolveFn
+
+    if (!env) {
+      // Older, pre-environment Vite API
+      // TODO: Can we drop this??
+      let cssResolver = config!.createResolver({
+        ...config!.resolve,
+        extensions: ['.css'],
+        mainFields: ['style'],
+        conditions: ['style', 'development|production'],
+        tryIndex: false,
+        preferRelative: true,
+      })
+
+      let jsResolver = config!.createResolver(config!.resolve)
+
+      customCssResolver = (id: string, base: string) => cssResolver(id, base, true, isSSR)
+      customJsResolver = (id: string, base: string) => jsResolver(id, base, true, isSSR)
+    } else {
+      // Newer Vite versions
+      let cssResolver = vite.createIdResolver(env.config, {
+        ...env.config.resolve,
+        extensions: ['.css'],
+        mainFields: ['style'],
+        conditions: ['style', 'development|production'],
+        tryIndex: false,
+        preferRelative: true,
+      })
 
-    let jsResolver = config!.createResolver(config!.resolve)
-    function customJsResolver(id: string, base: string) {
-      return jsResolver(id, base, true, isSSR)
+      let jsResolver = vite.createIdResolver(env.config, env.config.resolve)
+
+      customCssResolver = (id: string, base: string) => cssResolver(env, id, base, true)
+      customJsResolver = (id: string, base: string) => jsResolver(env, id, base, true)
     }
+
     return new Root(
       id,
       config!.root,
@@ -59,7 +83,7 @@ export default function tailwindcss(opts: PluginOptions = {}): Plugin[] {
       customCssResolver,
       customJsResolver,
     )
-  })
+  }
 
   return [
     {
@@ -110,7 +134,12 @@ export default function tailwindcss(opts: PluginOptions = {}): Plugin[] {
           using I = new Instrumentation()
           DEBUG && I.start('[@tailwindcss/vite] Generate CSS (serve)')
 
+          let roots = rootsByEnv.get(this.environment?.name ?? 'default')
           let root = roots.get(id)
+          if (!root) {
+            root ??= createRoot(this.environment ?? null, id)
+            roots.set(id, root)
+          }
 
           let result = await root.generate(src, (file) => this.addWatchFile(file), I)
           if (!result) {
@@ -129,7 +158,6 @@ export default function tailwindcss(opts: PluginOptions = {}): Plugin[] {
       name: '@tailwindcss/vite:generate:build',
       apply: 'build',
       enforce: 'pre',
-
       transform: {
         filter: {
           id: {
@@ -143,7 +171,12 @@ export default function tailwindcss(opts: PluginOptions = {}): Plugin[] {
           using I = new Instrumentation()
           DEBUG && I.start('[@tailwindcss/vite] Generate CSS (build)')
 
+          let roots = rootsByEnv.get(this.environment?.name ?? 'default')
           let root = roots.get(id)
+          if (!root) {
+            root ??= createRoot(this.environment ?? null, id)
+            roots.set(id, root)
+          }
 
           let result = await root.generate(src, (file) => this.addWatchFile(file), I)
           if (!result) {
@@ -174,13 +207,15 @@ function getExtension(id: string) {
 }
 
 function isPotentialCssRootFile(id: string) {
-  if (id.includes('/.vite/')) return
+  if (id.includes('/.vite/')) return false
+
+  // Don't intercept special static asset resources
+  if (SPECIAL_QUERY_RE.test(id)) return false
+  if (COMMON_JS_PROXY_RE.test(id)) return false
+
   let extension = getExtension(id)
-  let isCssFile =
-    (extension === 'css' || id.includes('&lang.css') || id.match(INLINE_STYLE_ID_RE)) &&
-    // Don't intercept special static asset resources
-    !SPECIAL_QUERY_RE.test(id) &&
-    !COMMON_JS_PROXY_RE.test(id)
+  let isCssFile = extension === 'css' || id.includes('&lang.css') || id.match(INLINE_STYLE_ID_RE)
+
   return isCssFile
 }