@@ -129,4 +129,30 @@ describe('table row TTL cleanup route', () => {
     })
     expect(mockGetJobQueue).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
   })
+
+  it.each(['initialization', 'enqueue'])(
+    'reports a queue %s failure and permits a later retry',
+    async (stage) => {
+      if (stage === 'initialization') {
+        mockGetJobQueue.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('queue unavailable'))
+      } else {
+        mockEnqueue.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('connection lost'))
+      }
+      const request = () =>
+        createMockRequest(
+          'GET',
+          undefined,
+          {},
+          'http://localhost:3000/api/cron/cleanup-table-row-ttl'
+        )
+      const failed = await GET(request())
+      expect(failed.status).toBe(500)
+      await expect(failed.json()).resolves.toEqual({
+        error: 'Failed to dispatch table row TTL cleanup',
+      })
+      const retried = await GET(request())
+      expect(retried.status).toBe(200)
+      await expect(retried.json()).resolves.toEqual({ triggered: true, jobId: 'job-ttl-1' })
+    }
+  )
 })
@@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ vi.mock('@/lib/table/wire', () => ({
 vi.mock('@/app/api/table/utils', () => ({
   accessError: () => new Response('denied', { status: 403 }),
   checkAccess: mockCheckAccess,
+  orchestrationErrorResponse: (error: unknown) =>
+    error instanceof OrchestrationError
+      ? NextResponse.json(
+          { error: error.message },
+          { status: statusForOrchestrationError(error.code) }
+        )
+      : null,
   orchestrationOutcomeErrorResponse: (
     outcome: { error?: string; errorCode?: OrchestrationErrorCode },
     fallback: string
@@ -73,7 +80,7 @@ import {
   type OrchestrationErrorCode,
   statusForOrchestrationError,
 } from '@/lib/core/orchestration/types'
-import { PATCH } from '@/app/api/table/[tableId]/columns/route'
+import { PATCH, POST } from '@/app/api/table/[tableId]/columns/route'
 
 const WORKSPACE_ID = '11111111-1111-4111-8111-111111111111'
 
@@ -106,6 +113,26 @@ describe('PATCH /api/table/[tableId]/columns — pre-flight guards', () => {
     mockRenameColumn.mockResolvedValue({ schema: { columns: [] } })
   })
 
+  it.each([
+    'Schema validation failed: A table can have at most 1 Expiration column',
+    'Expiration columns are not enabled',
+  ])('returns a validation response when adding a column fails: %s', async (message) => {
+    mockAddTableColumn.mockRejectedValueOnce(new OrchestrationError('validation', message))
+    const response = await POST(
+      new NextRequest('http://localhost/api/table/t1/columns', {
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          workspaceId: WORKSPACE_ID,
+          column: { name: 'expires', type: 'ttl' },
+        }),
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      }),
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ tableId: 't1' }) }
+    )
+    expect(response.status).toBe(400)
+    expect(await response.json()).toEqual({ error: message })
+  })
+
   it('rejects a currency code on a non-currency column without renaming first', async () => {
     const response = await patch({ name: 'renamed', currencyCode: 'USD' })
 
 
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { normalizeColumn } from '@/lib/table/wire'
 import {
   accessError,
   checkAccess,
+  orchestrationErrorResponse,
   orchestrationOutcomeErrorResponse,
   rootErrorMessage,
   tableLockErrorResponse,
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ export const POST = withRouteHandler(async (request: NextRequest, context: Colum
       },
     })
   } catch (error) {
-    const lockError = tableLockErrorResponse(error)
-    if (lockError) return lockError
+    const classifiedError = orchestrationErrorResponse(error)
+    if (classifiedError) return classifiedError
     if (isZodError(error)) {
       return validationErrorResponse(error, 'Invalid request data')
     }
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ const table: TableInfo = {
 
 const row: TableRow = {
   id: 'row-1',
-  data: { expires_at: Date.parse('2026-11-01T08:00:00Z') / 1000 },
+  data: { expires_at: '2026-11-01T01:00:00-07:00' },
   executions: {},
   position: 0,
   createdAt: '2026-01-01T00:00:00Z',
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
     mockUpdateRow.mockResolvedValue(undefined)
   })
 
-  it('waits for the saved timezone, freezes it, and chooses the later repeated hour', async () => {
+  it('preserves expiration offsets while timezone settings load or change', async () => {
     mockUseTimezoneState.mockReturnValue({ timezone: 'Asia/Tokyo', status: 'loading' })
     const container = document.createElement('div')
     document.body.appendChild(container)
@@ -136,12 +136,9 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
     ;(globalThis as { IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean }).IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true
     act(() => root.render(createElement(RowModal, props)))
 
-    expect(container.querySelector('[aria-label="Edit expires_at"]')?.textContent).toBe(
-      'Loading timezone…'
-    )
-    expect(container.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-testid="time"]')).toBeNull()
+    expect(container.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-testid="time"]')?.value).toBe('01:00')
     expect(container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-testid="submit"]')?.disabled).toBe(
-      true
+      false
     )
 
     mockUseTimezoneState.mockReturnValue({
@@ -165,7 +162,7 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
 
     expect(mockUpdateRow).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       rowId: 'row-1',
-      data: { expires_at: Date.parse('2026-11-01T09:30:00Z') / 1000 },
+      data: { expires_at: '2026-11-01T01:30:00-07:00' },
     })
     expect(props.onSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
 
@@ -209,7 +206,7 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
     container.remove()
   })
 
-  it('blocks an invalid saved timezone with the plain-text guidance', () => {
+  it('allows expiration edits even when the saved timezone is invalid', () => {
     mockUseTimezoneState.mockReturnValue({
       timezone: 'America/Los_Angeles',
       savedTimezone: 'Mars/Olympus',
@@ -229,18 +226,11 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
 
     act(() => root.render(createElement(RowModal, props)))
 
-    const blockedField = container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>(
-      '[aria-label="Edit expires_at"]'
-    )
-    expect(blockedField?.textContent).toBe(String(row.data.expires_at))
+    expect(container.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-testid="time"]')?.value).toBe('01:00')
     expect(container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-testid="submit"]')?.disabled).toBe(
-      true
+      false
     )
     expect(mockToastError).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
-    act(() => blockedField?.click())
-    expect(mockToastError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      'Your saved timezone “Mars/Olympus” is invalid. Update it in Settings → General before editing Date or Expiration cells.'
-    )
     act(() => root.unmount())
     container.remove()
   })
@@ -259,11 +249,19 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
       schema: {
         columns: [
           { name: 'name', type: 'string' },
+          { name: 'starts_at', type: 'date' },
           { name: 'expires_at', type: 'ttl' },
         ],
       },
     }
-    const mixedRow = { ...row, data: { name: 'Ada', expires_at: row.data.expires_at } }
+    const mixedRow = {
+      ...row,
+      data: {
+        name: 'Ada',
+        expires_at: row.data.expires_at,
+        starts_at: '2026-09-07T12:00:00-07:00',
+      },
+    }
     const props = {
       mode: 'edit' as const,
       isOpen: true,
@@ -276,20 +274,18 @@ describe('RowModal expiration editing', () => {
     act(() => root.render(createElement(RowModal, props)))
 
     const nameInput = container.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('[data-testid="modal-input"]')
-    const blockedField = container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>(
-      '[aria-label="Edit expires_at"]'
-    )
+    const blockedField = container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[aria-label="Edit starts_at"]')
     const submit = container.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-testid="submit"]')
     expect(nameInput?.value).toBe('Ada')
-    expect(blockedField?.textContent).toBe(String(row.data.expires_at))
+    expect(blockedField?.textContent).toBe(mixedRow.data.starts_at)
     expect(submit?.disabled).toBe(false)
 
     act(() => changeInput(nameInput as HTMLInputElement, 'Grace'))
     await act(async () => submit?.click())
 
     expect(mockUpdateRow).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       rowId: 'row-1',
-      data: { name: 'Grace' },
+      data: { name: 'Grace', expires_at: row.data.expires_at },
     })
     expect(props.onSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
     expect(mockToastError).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
 
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { useParams } from 'next/navigation'
 import type { ColumnDefinition, TableInfo, TableRow } from '@/lib/table'
 import { columnTypeOf } from '@/lib/table/column-types'
 import { resolveCurrencyCode } from '@/lib/table/currency'
+import { todayAtTtlOffset, ttlValueFromPicker, ttlValueToPickerParts } from '@/lib/table/ttl-values'
 import { getTimezoneEditBlockedMessage } from '@/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/tables/[tableId]/components/timezone-editing'
 import { type TimezoneState, useTimezoneState } from '@/hooks/queries/general-settings'
 import { useDeleteTableRow, useDeleteTableRows, useUpdateTableRow } from '@/hooks/queries/tables'
@@ -332,36 +333,45 @@ function ColumnField({ column, value, timeZone, onChange }: ColumnFieldProps) {
         required={column.required}
         hint={hint}
         mono
-        value={formatValueForInput(value, column.type, timeZone)}
+        value={formatValueForInput(value, column.type)}
         onChange={onChange}
         placeholder='{"key": "value"}'
         rows={4}
       />
     )
   }
 
-  if (definition.editor === 'date') {
-    const parts = dateValueToLocalParts(formatValueForInput(value, column.type, timeZone))
+  if (definition.editor === 'date' || definition.editor === 'offset-date') {
+    const storedValue = formatValueForInput(value, column.type)
+    const offsetParts =
+      definition.editor === 'offset-date' ? ttlValueToPickerParts(storedValue) : null
+    const parts = offsetParts ?? dateValueToLocalParts(storedValue)
+    const pickerToday = offsetParts
+      ? todayAtTtlOffset(offsetParts.offset)
+      : todayLocalCalendarDate(timeZone)
     const valueFromParts = (day: string, time: string | null) =>
-      column.type === 'ttl' && time ? `${day}T${time}` : localPartsToDateValue(day, time, timeZone)
+      offsetParts
+        ? ttlValueFromPicker(day, time, offsetParts.offset)
+        : localPartsToDateValue(day, time, timeZone)
     return (
       <ChipModalField type='custom' title={title} required={column.required} hint={hint}>
         <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
           <ChipDatePicker
             value={parts.day ?? undefined}
-            today={todayLocalCalendarDate(timeZone)}
+            today={pickerToday}
             onChange={(day) => onChange(valueFromParts(day, parts.time))}
             placeholder='Select date'
             className='flex-1'
           />
           <ChipTimePicker
             value={parts.time?.slice(0, 5)}
-            onChange={(time) =>
-              onChange(valueFromParts(parts.day ?? todayLocalCalendarDate(timeZone), time))
-            }
+            onChange={(time) => onChange(valueFromParts(parts.day ?? pickerToday, time))}
             placeholder='Add time'
             className='w-[110px]'
           />
+          {offsetParts && (
+            <span className='text-[var(--text-tertiary)] text-small'>{offsetParts.offset}</span>
+          )}
         </div>
       </ChipModalField>
     )
@@ -387,7 +397,7 @@ function ColumnField({ column, value, timeZone, onChange }: ColumnFieldProps) {
       inputType={
         definition.inputMode === 'decimal' && !definition.acceptsFormattedInput ? 'number' : 'text'
       }
-      value={formatValueForInput(value, column.type, timeZone)}
+      value={formatValueForInput(value, column.type)}
       onChange={onChange}
       placeholder={`Enter ${column.name}`}
     />
 
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ interface CellContentProps {
   /** Current workspace id — lets string cells holding an in-workspace resource
    *  URL render as a tagged-resource chip instead of a plain external link. */
   workspaceId: string
-  timeZone: string
   timezoneStatus: TimezoneState['status']
   isEditing: boolean
   initialCharacter?: string | null
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ export function CellContent({
   exec,
   column,
   workspaceId,
-  timeZone,
   timezoneStatus,
   isEditing,
   initialCharacter,
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ export function CellContent({
     waitingOnLabels,
     isEnrichmentOutput,
     currentWorkspaceId: workspaceId,
-    timeZone,
     timezoneStatus,
   })
 
 
@@ -23,43 +23,23 @@ function column(type: DisplayColumn['type']): DisplayColumn {
 }
 
 describe('resolveCellRender', () => {
-  it('renders TTL epoch seconds through the date presentation', () => {
-    expect(
-      resolveCellRender({
-        value: 1_700_000_000,
+  it.each(['ready', 'loading', 'invalid', 'error'] as const)(
+    'renders TTL as the exact UTC string when timezone status is %s',
+    (timezoneStatus) => {
+      const value = '2026-06-15T09:00:30Z'
+      const kind = resolveCellRender({
+        value,
         exec: undefined,
         column: column('ttl'),
         waitingOnLabels: undefined,
-        timeZone: 'America/New_York',
+        timezoneStatus,
       })
-    ).toEqual({ kind: 'date', text: '2023-11-14T17:13:20-05:00' })
-  })
-
-  it('renders raw epoch seconds when the saved timezone is invalid', () => {
-    expect(
-      resolveCellRender({
-        value: 1_700_000_000,
-        exec: undefined,
-        column: column('ttl'),
-        waitingOnLabels: undefined,
-        timeZone: 'America/Los_Angeles',
-        timezoneStatus: 'invalid',
-      })
-    ).toEqual({ kind: 'date', text: '1700000000', raw: true })
-  })
-
-  it('renders raw epoch seconds while timezone settings are loading', () => {
-    expect(
-      resolveCellRender({
-        value: 1_700_000_000,
-        exec: undefined,
-        column: column('ttl'),
-        waitingOnLabels: undefined,
-        timeZone: 'America/Los_Angeles',
-        timezoneStatus: 'loading',
-      })
-    ).toEqual({ kind: 'date', text: '1700000000', raw: true })
-  })
+      expect(kind).toEqual({ kind: 'text', text: value })
+      expect(renderToStaticMarkup(createElement(CellRender, { kind, isEditing: false }))).toContain(
+        value
+      )
+    }
+  )
 
   it('renders the exact stored Date value when timezone settings are unavailable', () => {
     const stored = '2026-01-15T09:00:00-05:00'
@@ -68,7 +48,6 @@ describe('resolveCellRender', () => {
       exec: undefined,
       column: column('date'),
       waitingOnLabels: undefined,
-      timeZone: 'America/Los_Angeles',
       timezoneStatus: 'error',
     })
     expect(kind).toEqual({ kind: 'date', text: stored, raw: true })