gh-41108: Simplify typing annotations (ruff UP006)
    
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Replace things like `List[T]` with `list[T]` in type annotations.
Enables this rule in CI and in configuration files.

To do this I used ruff to fix
[UP006](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep585-annotation/), then
fixed F401 on the changed files (to remove the UP006 unused imports left
behind by UP006).

There are several other ruff UP rules that have autofix and can easily
be enabled. To keep the PR a reasonable size we only do UP006 here.

### 📝 Checklist

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- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.
    
URL: #41108
Reported by: Vincent Macri
Reviewer(s): Tobias Diez, Vincent Macri

Author: Release Manager

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'
       run: |
         uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- ruff check --output-format github --ignore E402,E721,E731,E741,E742,E743,F401,F402,F403,F405,F821,F841,I001,PLC0206,PLC0208,PLC1802,PLC2401,PLC3002,PLC0415,PLE0302,PLR0124,PLR0402,PLR0911,PLR0912,PLR0913,PLR0915,PLR1704,PLR1711,PLR1714,PLR1716,PLR1733,PLR1736,PLR2004,PLR5501,PLW0120,PLW0211,PLW0602,PLW0603,PLW0642,PLW1508,PLW1510,PLW1641,PLW2901,PLW3301
-        uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- ruff check --output-format github --preview --select E111,E115,E21,E221,E222,E225,E227,E228,E25,E271,E272,E275,E302,E303,E305,E306,E401,E502,E701,E702,E703,E71,W291,W293,W391,W605,TC src/sage/
+        uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- ruff check --output-format github --preview --select E111,E115,E21,E221,E222,E225,E227,E228,E25,E271,E272,E275,E302,E303,E305,E306,E401,E502,E701,E702,E703,E71,W291,W293,W391,W605,TC,UP006 src/sage/
 
     - name: Code style check with relint
       if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'

pyproject.toml

@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ select = [
   "I", # isort - https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#isort-i
   "PL", # pylint - https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#pylint-pl
   "TC", # flake8-type-checking - https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#flake8-type-checking-tc
+  "UP006", # pyupgrade -- https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#pyupgrade-up
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]

src/sage/misc/abstract_method.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Type, Union
+from typing import Callable, Union
 
 def abstract_method(f: Callable = None, optional: bool = False) -> Callable:
     ...
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class AbstractMethod:
     def _sage_src_lines_(self) -> Union[str, int]:
         ...
 
-    def __get__(self, instance: object, cls: Type) -> Union[Callable, NotImplementedError]:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object, cls: type) -> Union[Callable, NotImplementedError]:
         ...
 
     def is_optional(self) -> bool:
         ...
 
-def abstract_methods_of_class(cls: Type) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+def abstract_methods_of_class(cls: type) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     ...

src/sage/misc/binary_tree.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Optional, List
+from typing import Optional
 
 class binary_tree_node:
     key: int
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ LIST_INORDER: int
 LIST_KEYS: int
 LIST_VALUES: int
 
-def binary_tree_list(node: binary_tree_node, behavior: int) -> List[object]:
+def binary_tree_list(node: binary_tree_node, behavior: int) -> list[object]:
     ...
 
 class BinaryTree:
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ class BinaryTree:
     def is_empty(self) -> bool:
         ...
 
-    def keys(self, order: str = 'inorder') -> List[int]:
+    def keys(self, order: str = 'inorder') -> list[int]:
         ...
 
-    def values(self, order: str = 'inorder') -> List[object]:
+    def values(self, order: str = 'inorder') -> list[object]:
         ...
 
     def _headkey_(self) -> int:

src/sage/misc/c3.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from typing import List
 
-def C3_algorithm(start: object, bases: str, attribute: str, proper: bool) -> List[object]:
+def C3_algorithm(start: object, bases: str, attribute: str, proper: bool) -> list[object]:
     ...

src/sage/misc/cachefunc.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 def dict_key(o: Any) -> Any:
     ...
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class CachedMethod:
     def __call__(self, inst: Any, *args: Any, **kwds: Any) -> Any:
         ...
 
-    def _get_instance_cache(self, inst: Any) -> Dict:
+    def _get_instance_cache(self, inst: Any) -> dict:
         ...
 
     def __get__(self, inst: Any, cls: Any) -> Any:
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ class CachedInParentMethod(CachedMethod):
                  do_pickle: bool | None = None) -> None:
         ...
 
-    def _get_instance_cache(self, inst: Any) -> Dict:
+    def _get_instance_cache(self, inst: Any) -> dict:
         ...
 
     def __get__(self, inst: Any, cls: Any) -> Any:
         ...
 
 class CachedMethodCaller(CachedFunction):
     def __init__(self, cachedmethod: CachedMethod, inst: Any,
-                 cache: Dict | None = None, name: str | None = None,
+                 cache: dict | None = None, name: str | None = None,
                  key: Callable | None = None,
                  do_pickle: bool | None = None) -> None:
         ...
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@ class CachedMethodCallerNoArgs(CachedFunction):
         ...
 
 class GloballyCachedMethodCaller(CachedMethodCaller):
-    def get_key_args_kwds(self, args: Tuple, kwds: Dict) -> Any:
+    def get_key_args_kwds(self, args: tuple, kwds: dict) -> Any:
         ...

src/sage/misc/citation.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from typing import List
 
-def get_systems(cmd: str) -> List[str]:
+def get_systems(cmd: str) -> list[str]:
     ...
 
 def cython_profile_enabled() -> bool:

src/sage/rings/abc.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Type, Union, Callable, Dict, List
+from typing import Union, Callable
 
 def abc(f: Callable = None, optional: bool = False) -> Callable:
     ...
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class ABC:
     def _sage_src_lines_(self) -> Union[str, int]:
         ...
 
-    def __get__(self, instance: object, cls: Type) -> Union[Callable, NotImplementedError]:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object, cls: type) -> Union[Callable, NotImplementedError]:
         ...
 
     def is_optional(self) -> bool:
         ...
 
-def abstract_methods_of_class(cls: Type) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+def abstract_methods_of_class(cls: type) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     ...

src/sage/rings/bernoulli_mod_p.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from typing import List
 
-def verify_bernoulli_mod_p(data: List[int]) -> bool:
+def verify_bernoulli_mod_p(data: list[int]) -> bool:
     ...
 
-def bernoulli_mod_p(p: int) -> List[int]:
+def bernoulli_mod_p(p: int) -> list[int]:
     ...
 
 def bernoulli_mod_p_single(p: int, k: int) -> int:

src/sage/rings/factorint.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from typing import List, Tuple
 
-def aurifeuillian(n: int, m: int, F: int = None, check: bool = True) -> List[int]:
+def aurifeuillian(n: int, m: int, F: int = None, check: bool = True) -> list[int]:
     ...
 
-def factor_aurifeuillian(n: int, check: bool = True) -> List[int]:
+def factor_aurifeuillian(n: int, check: bool = True) -> list[int]:
     ...
 
 def factor_cunningham(m: int, proof: bool = None) -> int: