Add CVE-2019-15845, CVE-2019-16201, CVE-2019-16254, CVE-2019-16255 for ruby (#418)

Author: f3ndot

rubies/ruby/CVE-2019-15845.yml

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+---
+engine: ruby
+cve: 2019-15845
+url: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/10/01/nul-injection-file-fnmatch-cve-2019-15845/
+title: A NUL injection vulnerability of File.fnmatch and File.fnmatch?
+date: 2019-10-01
+description: |
+  Built-in methods File.fnmatch and its alias File.fnmatch? accept the path
+  pattern as their first parameter. When the pattern contains NUL character
+  (\0), the methods recognize that the path pattern ends immediately before the
+  NUL byte. Therefore, a script that uses an external input as the pattern
+  argument, an attacker can make it wrongly match a pathname that is the second
+  parameter.
+patched_versions:
+  - "~> 2.4.8"
+  - "~> 2.5.7"
+  - "~> 2.6.5"
+  - "> 2.7.0-preview1"

rubies/ruby/CVE-2019-16201.yml

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+---
+engine: ruby
+cve: 2019-16201
+url: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/10/01/webrick-regexp-digestauth-dos-cve-2019-16201/
+title: Regular Expression Denial of Service vulnerability of WEBrick's Digest access authentication
+date: 2019-10-01
+description: |
+  Regular expression denial of service vulnerability of WEBrick’s Digest
+  authentication module was found. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability
+  to cause an effective denial of service against a WEBrick service.
+patched_versions:
+  - "~> 2.4.8"
+  - "~> 2.5.7"
+  - "~> 2.6.5"
+  - "> 2.7.0-preview1"

rubies/ruby/CVE-2019-16254.yml

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+---
+engine: ruby
+cve: 2019-16254
+url: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/10/01/http-response-splitting-in-webrick-cve-2019-16254/
+title: HTTP response splitting in WEBrick (Additional fix)
+date: 2019-10-01
+description: |
+  If a program using WEBrick inserts untrusted input into the response header,
+  an attacker can exploit it to insert a newline character to split a header,
+  and inject malicious content to deceive clients.
+
+  This is the same issue as CVE-2017-17742. The previous fix was incomplete,
+  which addressed the CRLF vector, but did not address an isolated CR or an
+  isolated LF.
+patched_versions:
+  - "~> 2.4.8"
+  - "~> 2.5.7"
+  - "~> 2.6.5"
+  - "> 2.7.0-preview1"

rubies/ruby/CVE-2019-16255.yml

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+---
+engine: ruby
+cve: 2019-16255
+url: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/10/01/code-injection-shell-test-cve-2019-16255/
+title: A code injection vulnerability of Shell#[] and Shell#test
+date: 2019-10-01
+description: |
+  Shell#[] and its alias Shell#test defined in lib/shell.rb allow code
+  injection if the first argument (aka the “command” argument) is untrusted
+  data. An attacker can exploit this to call an arbitrary Ruby method.
+
+  Note that passing untrusted data to methods of Shell is dangerous in general.
+  Users must never do it. However, we treat this particular case as a
+  vulnerability because the purpose of Shell#[] and Shell#[] is considered file
+  testing.
+patched_versions:
+  - "~> 2.4.8"
+  - "~> 2.5.7"
+  - "~> 2.6.5"
+  - "> 2.7.0-preview1"