Webpack to Vite (#7687)

Resolves #7654, sunsetting Webpack support and introducing the more
modern Vite as the core bundler for typescript in Cirq.

Implementation notes: 

- Added a custom `canvas` polyfill in `vitest.setup.ts`, allowing for
three.js to be tested without the browser environment. There have been
[discussions](vitest-dev/vitest#274) about
this in Vite and [external
packages](https://github.com/schirrel/vi-canvas-mock) which could offer
more context, but I opted to implement something custom considering that
package deps have been pain point.
- Testing and coverage matches 1:1 with old test criteria
- We need to bump the node version up in the CI workflow to support more
modern packages, bumped from v20 -> v22

---------

Co-authored-by: Pavol Juhas <juhas@google.com>

Author: seunomonije

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Node environment
         uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '20.17.0'
+          node-version: '22.16.0'
       - name: Install node dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Check build matches the current
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Node environment
         uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '20.17.0'
+          node-version: '22.16.0'
       - name: Install node dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Lint Typescript files
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Node environment
         uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '20.17.0'
+          node-version: '22.16.0'
       - name: Install node dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Run unit tests
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Node environment
         uses: actions/setup-node@a0853c24544627f65ddf259abe73b1d18a591444 # v5.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '20.17.0'
+          node-version: '22.16.0'
       - name: Install node dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Run coverage test

cirq-web/cirq_web/.eslintignore

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 build/
 **/node_modules
 **/dist
+vitest.config.ts
+vitest.setup.ts
+vite.config.ts
+vitest.e2e.config.ts