From 28d630d90ded85c6f8d4027319bbbf584a44fbb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pieter Eendebak <pieter.eendebak@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Dec 2025 21:54:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Avoid incref/decref pair in long_bitwise

---
 Objects/longobject.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Objects/longobject.c b/Objects/longobject.c
index 8ba1fd65078f48..0f929b73fcc58a 100644
--- a/Objects/longobject.c
+++ b/Objects/longobject.c
@@ -5589,46 +5589,45 @@ long_bitwise(PyLongObject *a,
     Py_ssize_t size_a, size_b, size_z, i;
     PyLongObject *z;
 
+    PyLongObject *new_a = NULL;
+    PyLongObject *new_b = NULL;
+
     /* Bitwise operations for negative numbers operate as though
        on a two's complement representation.  So convert arguments
        from sign-magnitude to two's complement, and convert the
        result back to sign-magnitude at the end. */
 
-    /* If a is negative, replace it by its two's complement. */
     size_a = _PyLong_DigitCount(a);
+    size_b = _PyLong_DigitCount(b);
+    /* Swap a and b if necessary to ensure size_a >= size_b. */
+    if (size_a < size_b) {
+        z = a; a = b; b = z;
+        size_z = size_a; size_a = size_b; size_b = size_z;
+    }
+
+    /* If a is negative, replace it by its two's complement. */
     nega = _PyLong_IsNegative(a);
     if (nega) {
         z = long_alloc(size_a);
         if (z == NULL)
             return NULL;
         v_complement(z->long_value.ob_digit, a->long_value.ob_digit, size_a);
+        new_a = z; // reference to decrement instead of a itself
         a = z;
     }
-    else
-        /* Keep reference count consistent. */
-        Py_INCREF(a);
 
     /* Same for b. */
-    size_b = _PyLong_DigitCount(b);
     negb = _PyLong_IsNegative(b);
     if (negb) {
         z = long_alloc(size_b);
         if (z == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(a);
+            Py_XDECREF(new_a);
             return NULL;
         }
         v_complement(z->long_value.ob_digit, b->long_value.ob_digit, size_b);
+        new_b = z; // reference to decrement instead of b itself
         b = z;
     }
-    else
-        Py_INCREF(b);
-
-    /* Swap a and b if necessary to ensure size_a >= size_b. */
-    if (size_a < size_b) {
-        z = a; a = b; b = z;
-        size_z = size_a; size_a = size_b; size_b = size_z;
-        negz = nega; nega = negb; negb = negz;
-    }
 
     /* JRH: The original logic here was to allocate the result value (z)
        as the longer of the two operands.  However, there are some cases
@@ -5658,8 +5657,8 @@ long_bitwise(PyLongObject *a,
        the final two's complement of z doesn't overflow. */
     z = long_alloc(size_z + negz);
     if (z == NULL) {
-        Py_DECREF(a);
-        Py_DECREF(b);
+        Py_XDECREF(new_a);
+        Py_XDECREF(new_a);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -5696,8 +5695,8 @@ long_bitwise(PyLongObject *a,
         v_complement(z->long_value.ob_digit, z->long_value.ob_digit, size_z+1);
     }
 
-    Py_DECREF(a);
-    Py_DECREF(b);
+    Py_XDECREF(new_a);
+    Py_XDECREF(new_b);
     return (PyObject *)maybe_small_long(long_normalize(z));
 }
 

From 6a6428eeb3556f27397c6e8895568e5b24f41f4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "blurb-it[bot]" <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Dec 2025 19:31:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=93=9C=F0=9F=A4=96=20Added=20by=20blu?=
 =?UTF-8?q?rb=5Fit.?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../2025-12-29-19-31-46.gh-issue-143192.JxGAyl.rst               | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-12-29-19-31-46.gh-issue-143192.JxGAyl.rst

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-12-29-19-31-46.gh-issue-143192.JxGAyl.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-12-29-19-31-46.gh-issue-143192.JxGAyl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3a99b3d9e6a1c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-12-29-19-31-46.gh-issue-143192.JxGAyl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Improve performance of bitwise operations on multi-digit ints.