diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index 46d1677..d30bbd1 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Releases
 Unreleased
 ----------
 
+* Preserve assertion failures when ``assert_has_calls`` receives ``calls`` as a keyword.
+
 * `#547 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-mock/issues/547>`_: Added ``SpyType`` for annotating ``mocker.spy`` results.
 * Dropped support for EOL Python 3.9.
 * `#147 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-mock/issues/147>`_: Removed handling of ``RuntimeError: stop called on unstarted patcher``, which can no longer occur in the supported Python versions.
diff --git a/src/pytest_mock/plugin.py b/src/pytest_mock/plugin.py
index df63fb4..d971357 100644
--- a/src/pytest_mock/plugin.py
+++ b/src/pytest_mock/plugin.py
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ def assert_has_calls_wrapper(
             msg = str(e)
             if __mock_self.call_args_list is not None:
                 actual_calls = list(__mock_self.call_args_list)
-                expect_calls = args[1]
+                expect_calls = args[1] if len(args) > 1 else kwargs["calls"]
                 introspection = ""
                 from itertools import zip_longest
 
diff --git a/tests/test_pytest_mock.py b/tests/test_pytest_mock.py
index c497aea..4e05520 100644
--- a/tests/test_pytest_mock.py
+++ b/tests/test_pytest_mock.py
@@ -1428,3 +1428,10 @@ def handle_get():
 
     assert Class1.get() == 1
     assert Class2.get() == 2
+
+
+def test_assert_has_calls_keyword(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
+    stub = mocker.stub()
+    stub("actual")
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        stub.assert_has_calls(calls=[mocker.call("expected")])