From 4107429c6f9ca0bc463123d3037bbdd63c63cd9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Fulton <djamesfulton@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 12:56:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Remove pandas series usage from ephemeris

---
 pvlib/solarposition.py | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pvlib/solarposition.py b/pvlib/solarposition.py
index 2b8a43e9d0..579f077909 100644
--- a/pvlib/solarposition.py
+++ b/pvlib/solarposition.py
@@ -826,34 +826,40 @@ def ephemeris(time, latitude, longitude, pressure=101325.0, temperature=12.0):
 
     # Calculate refraction correction
     Elevation = SunEl
-    TanEl = pd.Series(np.tan(np.radians(Elevation)), index=time_utc)
-    Refract = pd.Series(0., index=time_utc)
+    TanEl = np.tan(np.radians(Elevation))
+    Refract = np.zeros(len(time_utc))
 
-    Refract[(Elevation > 5) & (Elevation <= 85)] = (
-        58.1/TanEl - 0.07/(TanEl**3) + 8.6e-05/(TanEl**5))
+    mask = (Elevation > 5) & (Elevation <= 85)
+    Refract[mask] = (
+        58.1/TanEl[mask] - 0.07/(TanEl[mask]**3) + 8.6e-05/(TanEl[mask]**5))
 
-    Refract[(Elevation > -0.575) & (Elevation <= 5)] = (
-        Elevation *
-        (-518.2 + Elevation*(103.4 + Elevation*(-12.79 + Elevation*0.711))) +
+    mask = (Elevation > -0.575) & (Elevation <= 5)
+    Refract[mask] = (
+        Elevation[mask] *
+        (-518.2 + Elevation[mask]*(103.4 + Elevation[mask]*(-12.79 + Elevation[mask]*0.711))) +
         1735)
 
-    Refract[(Elevation > -1) & (Elevation <= -0.575)] = -20.774 / TanEl
+    mask = (Elevation > -1) & (Elevation <= -0.575)
+    Refract[mask] = -20.774 / TanEl[mask]
 
     Refract *= (283/(273. + temperature)) * (pressure/101325.) / 3600.
 
     ApparentSunEl = SunEl + Refract
 
     # make output DataFrame
-    DFOut = pd.DataFrame(index=time_utc)
-    DFOut['apparent_elevation'] = ApparentSunEl
-    DFOut['elevation'] = SunEl
-    DFOut['azimuth'] = SunAz
-    DFOut['apparent_zenith'] = 90 - ApparentSunEl
-    DFOut['zenith'] = 90 - SunEl
-    DFOut['solar_time'] = SolarTime
-    DFOut.index = time
-
-    return DFOut
+    result = pd.DataFrame(
+        {
+            "apparent_elevation": ApparentSunEl,
+            "elevation": SunEl,
+            "azimuth": SunAz,
+            "apparent_zenith": 90 - ApparentSunEl,
+            "zenith": 90 - SunEl,
+            "solar_time": SolarTime,
+        },
+        index=time
+    )
+
+    return result
 
 
 def calc_time(lower_bound, upper_bound, latitude, longitude, attribute, value,

From 68dd4f7d25b6a9c37dd59bbce09e772acb83cd50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Fulton <djamesfulton@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 16:18:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Fix line length

---
 pvlib/solarposition.py | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pvlib/solarposition.py b/pvlib/solarposition.py
index 579f077909..2920864c91 100644
--- a/pvlib/solarposition.py
+++ b/pvlib/solarposition.py
@@ -835,9 +835,12 @@ def ephemeris(time, latitude, longitude, pressure=101325.0, temperature=12.0):
 
     mask = (Elevation > -0.575) & (Elevation <= 5)
     Refract[mask] = (
-        Elevation[mask] *
-        (-518.2 + Elevation[mask]*(103.4 + Elevation[mask]*(-12.79 + Elevation[mask]*0.711))) +
-        1735)
+        Elevation[mask] * (
+            -518.2 + Elevation[mask]*(
+                103.4 + Elevation[mask]*(-12.79 + Elevation[mask]*0.711)
+            )
+        ) + 1735
+    )
 
     mask = (Elevation > -1) & (Elevation <= -0.575)
     Refract[mask] = -20.774 / TanEl[mask]