diff --git a/.changelog/5557.fixed b/.changelog/5557.fixed
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed4bd7cf284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/5557.fixed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger`: strip only the leading `uberctx-` prefix when extracting a baggage key, so a carrier key that repeats the prefix keeps its inner literal (`uberctx-a-uberctx-b` now yields `a-uberctx-b` rather than `a-b`).
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
index 04a3e8ff5e6..d554cf48b41 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _extract_baggage(
             if value is None:
                 continue
             context = baggage.set_baggage(
-                key.replace(self.BAGGAGE_PREFIX, ""),
+                key[len(self.BAGGAGE_PREFIX) :],
                 urllib.parse.unquote(value).strip(),
                 context=context,
             )
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/tests/test_jaeger_propagator.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/tests/test_jaeger_propagator.py
index bca14d4de75..9b92f42f4fe 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/tests/test_jaeger_propagator.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/tests/test_jaeger_propagator.py
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ def get_context_new_carrier(old_carrier, carrier_baggage=None):
 
 
 class TestJaegerPropagator(TestCase):
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
+
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         generator = id_generator.RandomIdGenerator()
@@ -134,6 +136,14 @@ def test_extract_empty_baggage_value(self):
         context = FORMAT.extract(old_carrier)
         self.assertDictEqual({"key3": "value3"}, context[_BAGGAGE_KEY])
 
+    def test_extract_strips_only_the_leading_baggage_prefix(self):
+        old_carrier = {
+            FORMAT.TRACE_ID_KEY: self.serialized_uber_trace_id,
+            "uberctx-a-uberctx-b": "value",
+        }
+        context = FORMAT.extract(old_carrier)
+        self.assertDictEqual({"a-uberctx-b": "value"}, context[_BAGGAGE_KEY])
+
     def test_extract_invalid_uber_trace_id(self):
         old_carrier = {
             "uber-trace-id": "000000000000000000000000deadbeef:00000000deadbef0:00",