diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 614f240d4e..75311a835d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- `opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc`: Log grpc error details when grpc request fails ([#5143](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5143)).
 - `opentelemetry-sdk`: add `additional_properties` support to generated config models via custom `datamodel-codegen` template, enabling plugin/custom component names to flow through typed dataclasses
   ([#5131](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5131))
 - Fix incorrect code example in `create_tracer()` docstring
diff --git a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
index 3627db7058..89f44ce56b 100644
--- a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
+++ b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
@@ -499,10 +499,11 @@ def _export(
                         or self._shutdown
                     ):
                         logger.error(
-                            "Failed to export %s to %s, error code: %s",
+                            "Failed to export %s to %s, error code: %s, error details: %s",
                             self._exporting,
                             self._endpoint,
                             error.code(),  # type: ignore [reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                            error.details(),
                             exc_info=error.code() == StatusCode.UNKNOWN,  # type: ignore [reportAttributeAccessIssue]
                         )
                         result.error = error
@@ -511,11 +512,12 @@ def _export(
                         }
                         return self._result.FAILURE  # type: ignore [reportReturnType]
                     logger.warning(
-                        "Transient error %s encountered while exporting %s to %s, retrying in %.2fs.",
+                        "Transient error %s encountered while exporting %s to %s, retrying in %.2fs. Error details: %s",
                         error.code(),  # type: ignore [reportAttributeAccessIssue]
                         self._exporting,
                         self._endpoint,
                         backoff_seconds,
+                        error.details(),
                     )
                 shutdown = self._shutdown_in_progress.wait(backoff_seconds)
                 if shutdown:
diff --git a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/tests/test_otlp_exporter_mixin.py b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/tests/test_otlp_exporter_mixin.py
index 87bd72c555..7011912639 100644
--- a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/tests/test_otlp_exporter_mixin.py
+++ b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/tests/test_otlp_exporter_mixin.py
@@ -117,11 +117,13 @@ def __init__(
         export_result: StatusCode,
         optional_retry_nanos: Optional[int] = None,
         optional_export_sleep: Optional[float] = None,
+        optional_error_details: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         self.export_result = export_result
         self.optional_export_sleep = optional_export_sleep
         self.optional_retry_nanos = optional_retry_nanos
         self.num_requests = 0
+        self.optional_error_details = optional_error_details
 
     # pylint: disable=invalid-name,unused-argument
     def Export(self, request, context):
@@ -142,6 +144,8 @@ def Export(self, request, context):
                 )
             )
         context.set_code(self.export_result)
+        if self.optional_error_details:
+            context.set_details(self.optional_error_details)
 
         return ExportTraceServiceResponse()
 
@@ -578,7 +582,9 @@ def test_retry_not_made_if_would_exceed_timeout(self):
     )
     def test_timeout_set_correctly(self):
         mock_trace_service = TraceServiceServicerWithExportParams(
-            StatusCode.UNAVAILABLE, optional_export_sleep=0.25
+            StatusCode.UNAVAILABLE,
+            optional_export_sleep=0.25,
+            optional_error_details="Could not finish in time.",
         )
         add_TraceServiceServicer_to_server(
             mock_trace_service,
@@ -598,7 +604,7 @@ def test_timeout_set_correctly(self):
                 )
             after = time.time()
             self.assertEqual(
-                "Failed to export traces to localhost:4317, error code: StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED",
+                "Failed to export traces to localhost:4317, error code: StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, error details: Deadline Exceeded",
                 warning.records[-1].message,
             )
             self.assertEqual(mock_trace_service.num_requests, 2)
@@ -626,7 +632,8 @@ def test_permanent_failure(self):
         with self.assertLogs(level=WARNING) as warning:
             add_TraceServiceServicer_to_server(
                 TraceServiceServicerWithExportParams(
-                    StatusCode.ALREADY_EXISTS
+                    StatusCode.ALREADY_EXISTS,
+                    optional_error_details="This already exists.",
                 ),
                 self.server,
             )
@@ -635,7 +642,7 @@ def test_permanent_failure(self):
             )
             self.assertEqual(
                 warning.records[-1].message,
-                "Failed to export traces to localhost:4317, error code: StatusCode.ALREADY_EXISTS",
+                "Failed to export traces to localhost:4317, error code: StatusCode.ALREADY_EXISTS, error details: This already exists.",
             )
 
         metrics_data = self.metric_reader.get_metrics_data()