Rewrite Set 00 Foundations for first-time readers

Plain-English rewrite of all five sections with analogies leading
every concept (phone book for Big-O, sticky notes for the call stack,
library shelves for hashing, arrow-copying for aliasing) and layered
explanations: intuition -> picture -> details -> rules.

Four new diagrams: growth curves (the shapes chart), the call stack
for fact(3) with push/pop arrows and return values, hash buckets
with a visible collision, and aliasing-vs-copy side by side.

Also: the Python vocabulary is now a scannable table instead of a
run-on paragraph, and the [[0]*n]*m grid trap moved up into F.4
where beginners meet aliasing for the first time.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: DeepCodeWork