diff --git a/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go b/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
index d08254cc8ef88..d6a8315755482 100644
--- a/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
+++ b/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ func (c *Checker) reportFlowControlError(node *ast.Node) {
 
 func (c *Checker) isMatchingReference(source *ast.Node, target *ast.Node) bool {
 	switch target.Kind {
-	case ast.KindParenthesizedExpression, ast.KindNonNullExpression:
+	case ast.KindParenthesizedExpression, ast.KindNonNullExpression, ast.KindSatisfiesExpression:
 		return c.isMatchingReference(source, target.Expression())
 	case ast.KindBinaryExpression:
 		return ast.IsAssignmentExpression(target, false) && c.isMatchingReference(source, target.AsBinaryExpression().Left) ||
@@ -1851,7 +1851,7 @@ func (c *Checker) containsMatchingReference(source *ast.Node, target *ast.Node)
 func (c *Checker) optionalChainContainsReference(source *ast.Node, target *ast.Node) bool {
 	for ast.IsOptionalChain(source) {
 		source = source.Expression()
-		if c.isMatchingReference(source, target) {
+		if c.isMatchingReference(target, source) {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.errors.txt b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.errors.txt
index f74a9c08f3a43..8a8c84329e1d4 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.errors.txt
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.errors.txt
@@ -86,4 +86,9 @@ narrowByEquality.ts(55,9): error TS2322: Type 'string | number' is not assignabl
         xUnknown;
     }
     
+    declare let option: { type: string } | undefined;
+    
+    if ((option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined) {
+        option.type;
+    }
     
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.js b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.js
index 31e88dc25cbd4..cf0e623dd98ea 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.js
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.js
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ if (xUnknown != null) {
     xUnknown;
 }
 
+declare let option: { type: string } | undefined;
+
+if ((option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined) {
+    option.type;
+}
 
 
 //// [narrowByEquality.js]
@@ -129,3 +134,6 @@ if (xUnknown != null) {
 else {
     xUnknown;
 }
+if (option !== undefined) {
+    option.type;
+}
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.symbols b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.symbols
index cc1023e7d510c..cca868f778f2e 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.symbols
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.symbols
@@ -139,4 +139,18 @@ if (xUnknown != null) {
 >xUnknown : Symbol(xUnknown, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 4, 11))
 }
 
+declare let option: { type: string } | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 11))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 21))
+
+if ((option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined) {
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 11))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 74, 23))
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+    option.type;
+>option.type : Symbol(type, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 21))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 11))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(narrowByEquality.ts, 72, 21))
+}
 
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.types b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.types
index 9ddaa99f0f570..d2394441f8faa 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.types
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowByEquality.types
@@ -160,4 +160,21 @@ if (xUnknown != null) {
 >xUnknown : null | undefined
 }
 
+declare let option: { type: string } | undefined;
+>option : { type: string; } | undefined
+>type : string
+
+if ((option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined) {
+>(option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined : boolean
+>(option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) : { type: string; } | undefined
+>option satisfies { type: string } | undefined : { type: string; } | undefined
+>option : { type: string; } | undefined
+>type : string
+>undefined : undefined
+
+    option.type;
+>option.type : string
+>option : { type: string; }
+>type : string
+}
 
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.errors.txt b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ed18a8a5b8518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts(54,9): error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts(62,9): error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts(70,9): error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+
+
+==== controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts (3 errors) ====
+    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/56998
+    
+    type Type = {
+        id: number;
+    };
+    
+    type InferenceInfo = {
+        typeParameter: Type;
+        impliedArity?: number;
+    };
+    
+    declare function getInferenceInfoForType(type: Type): InferenceInfo | undefined;
+    
+    function fn1(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+        let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+        if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+            info.impliedArity;
+        }
+        else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+            info.impliedArity;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function fn2(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+        let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+        if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+            info.impliedArity;
+        }
+        else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity) {
+            info.impliedArity;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/60855
+    
+    type Option = { type: "Some"; value: number; } | { type: "None"; };
+    
+    declare function someOptionalOption(): Option | undefined;
+    
+    function test60855(): number | undefined {
+        let option: Option | undefined;
+    
+        if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === "Some") {
+            return option.value;
+        }
+    
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    
+    function testEqualityWithUndefined() {
+        let option: Option | undefined;
+    
+        if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === undefined) {
+            option.type;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function testNegativeEquality() {
+        let option: Option | undefined;
+    
+        if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type !== "Some") {
+            option.type;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function testFalsyBranch() {
+        let option: Option | undefined;
+    
+        if (!(option = someOptionalOption())?.type) {
+            option.type;
+            ~~~~~~
+!!! error TS18048: 'option' is possibly 'undefined'.
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function testAssignmentWithSatisfies() {
+        let option: Option | undefined;
+    
+        if ((option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type === "Some") {
+            option.value;
+        }
+    }
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.symbols b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d84e8ac099ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/controlFlow/controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts] ////
+
+=== controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts ===
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/56998
+
+type Type = {
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    id: number;
+>id : Symbol(id, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 2, 13))
+
+};
+
+type InferenceInfo = {
+>InferenceInfo : Symbol(InferenceInfo, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 4, 2))
+
+    typeParameter: Type;
+>typeParameter : Symbol(typeParameter, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 6, 22))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    impliedArity?: number;
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+
+};
+
+declare function getInferenceInfoForType(type: Type): InferenceInfo | undefined;
+>getInferenceInfoForType : Symbol(getInferenceInfoForType, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 9, 2))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 11, 41))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+>InferenceInfo : Symbol(InferenceInfo, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 4, 2))
+
+function fn1(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+>fn1 : Symbol(fn1, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 11, 80))
+>t1 : Symbol(t1, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 13, 13))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+>t2 : Symbol(t2, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 13, 22))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 14, 7))
+>getInferenceInfoForType : Symbol(getInferenceInfoForType, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 9, 2))
+>t1 : Symbol(t1, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 13, 13))
+
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>info?.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 14, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 14, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 14, 7))
+>getInferenceInfoForType : Symbol(getInferenceInfoForType, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 9, 2))
+>t2 : Symbol(t2, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 13, 22))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 14, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+    }
+}
+
+function fn2(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+>fn2 : Symbol(fn2, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 21, 1))
+>t1 : Symbol(t1, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 23, 13))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+>t2 : Symbol(t2, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 23, 22))
+>Type : Symbol(Type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 0, 0))
+
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 24, 7))
+>getInferenceInfoForType : Symbol(getInferenceInfoForType, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 9, 2))
+>t1 : Symbol(t1, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 23, 13))
+
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>info?.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 24, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 24, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity) {
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 24, 7))
+>getInferenceInfoForType : Symbol(getInferenceInfoForType, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 9, 2))
+>t2 : Symbol(t2, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 23, 22))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+>info : Symbol(info, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 24, 7))
+>impliedArity : Symbol(impliedArity, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 7, 24))
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/60855
+
+type Option = { type: "Some"; value: number; } | { type: "None"; };
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15))
+>value : Symbol(value, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 29))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+
+declare function someOptionalOption(): Option | undefined;
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+function test60855(): number | undefined {
+>test60855 : Symbol(test60855, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 37, 58))
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 40, 7))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 40, 7))
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+
+        return option.value;
+>option.value : Symbol(value, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 29))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 40, 7))
+>value : Symbol(value, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 29))
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+}
+
+function testEqualityWithUndefined() {
+>testEqualityWithUndefined : Symbol(testEqualityWithUndefined, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 47, 1))
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 50, 7))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === undefined) {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 50, 7))
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>undefined : Symbol(undefined)
+
+        option.type;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 50, 7))
+    }
+}
+
+function testNegativeEquality() {
+>testNegativeEquality : Symbol(testNegativeEquality, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 55, 1))
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 58, 7))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type !== "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 58, 7))
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+
+        option.type;
+>option.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 58, 7))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+    }
+}
+
+function testFalsyBranch() {
+>testFalsyBranch : Symbol(testFalsyBranch, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 63, 1))
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 66, 7))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    if (!(option = someOptionalOption())?.type) {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 66, 7))
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+
+        option.type;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 66, 7))
+    }
+}
+
+function testAssignmentWithSatisfies() {
+>testAssignmentWithSatisfies : Symbol(testAssignmentWithSatisfies, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 71, 1))
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 74, 7))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type === "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 74, 7))
+>someOptionalOption : Symbol(someOptionalOption, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 67))
+>Option : Symbol(Option, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 31, 1))
+>type : Symbol(type, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 15), Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 50))
+
+        option.value;
+>option.value : Symbol(value, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 29))
+>option : Symbol(option, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 74, 7))
+>value : Symbol(value, Decl(controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts, 35, 29))
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.types b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0a63d3e95ce9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/conformance/controlFlowOptionalChain4.types
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+//// [tests/cases/conformance/controlFlow/controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts] ////
+
+=== controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts ===
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/56998
+
+type Type = {
+>Type : Type
+
+    id: number;
+>id : number
+
+};
+
+type InferenceInfo = {
+>InferenceInfo : InferenceInfo
+
+    typeParameter: Type;
+>typeParameter : Type
+
+    impliedArity?: number;
+>impliedArity : number | undefined
+
+};
+
+declare function getInferenceInfoForType(type: Type): InferenceInfo | undefined;
+>getInferenceInfoForType : (type: Type) => InferenceInfo | undefined
+>type : Type
+
+function fn1(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+>fn1 : (t1: Type, t2: Type) => void
+>t1 : Type
+>t2 : Type
+
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType(t1) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType : (type: Type) => InferenceInfo | undefined
+>t1 : Type
+
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>info?.impliedArity !== undefined : boolean
+>info?.impliedArity : number | undefined
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>impliedArity : number | undefined
+>undefined : undefined
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : number
+>info : InferenceInfo
+>impliedArity : number
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity !== undefined : boolean
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity : number | undefined
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2)) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType(t2) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType : (type: Type) => InferenceInfo | undefined
+>t2 : Type
+>impliedArity : number | undefined
+>undefined : undefined
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : number
+>info : InferenceInfo
+>impliedArity : number
+    }
+}
+
+function fn2(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+>fn2 : (t1: Type, t2: Type) => void
+>t1 : Type
+>t2 : Type
+
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType(t1) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType : (type: Type) => InferenceInfo | undefined
+>t1 : Type
+
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+>info?.impliedArity !== undefined : boolean
+>info?.impliedArity : number | undefined
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>impliedArity : number | undefined
+>undefined : undefined
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : number
+>info : InferenceInfo
+>impliedArity : number
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity) {
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity : number | undefined
+>(info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2)) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>info : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType(t2) : InferenceInfo | undefined
+>getInferenceInfoForType : (type: Type) => InferenceInfo | undefined
+>t2 : Type
+>impliedArity : number | undefined
+
+        info.impliedArity;
+>info.impliedArity : number
+>info : InferenceInfo
+>impliedArity : number
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/60855
+
+type Option = { type: "Some"; value: number; } | { type: "None"; };
+>Option : Option
+>type : "Some"
+>value : number
+>type : "None"
+
+declare function someOptionalOption(): Option | undefined;
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+
+function test60855(): number | undefined {
+>test60855 : () => number | undefined
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Option | undefined
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type === "Some" : boolean
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>(option = someOptionalOption()) : Option | undefined
+>option = someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>option : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+>type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>"Some" : "Some"
+
+        return option.value;
+>option.value : number
+>option : { type: "Some"; value: number; }
+>value : number
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+>undefined : undefined
+}
+
+function testEqualityWithUndefined() {
+>testEqualityWithUndefined : () => void
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Option | undefined
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === undefined) {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type === undefined : boolean
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>(option = someOptionalOption()) : Option | undefined
+>option = someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>option : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+>type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>undefined : undefined
+
+        option.type;
+>option.type : any
+>option : undefined
+>type : any
+    }
+}
+
+function testNegativeEquality() {
+>testNegativeEquality : () => void
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Option | undefined
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type !== "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type !== "Some" : boolean
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>(option = someOptionalOption()) : Option | undefined
+>option = someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>option : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+>type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>"Some" : "Some"
+
+        option.type;
+>option.type : "None"
+>option : { type: "None"; } | undefined
+>type : "None"
+    }
+}
+
+function testFalsyBranch() {
+>testFalsyBranch : () => void
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Option | undefined
+
+    if (!(option = someOptionalOption())?.type) {
+>!(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : boolean
+>(option = someOptionalOption())?.type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>(option = someOptionalOption()) : Option | undefined
+>option = someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>option : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+>type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+
+        option.type;
+>option.type : any
+>option : undefined
+>type : any
+    }
+}
+
+function testAssignmentWithSatisfies() {
+>testAssignmentWithSatisfies : () => void
+
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+>option : Option | undefined
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type === "Some") {
+>(option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type === "Some" : boolean
+>(option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>(option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined) : Option | undefined
+>option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined : Option | undefined
+>option : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption() : Option | undefined
+>someOptionalOption : () => Option | undefined
+>type : "None" | "Some" | undefined
+>"Some" : "Some"
+
+        option.value;
+>option.value : number
+>option : { type: "Some"; value: number; }
+>value : number
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/narrowByEquality.ts b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/narrowByEquality.ts
index 0763a794a9b31..bf98d7f813b9c 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/narrowByEquality.ts
+++ b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/narrowByEquality.ts
@@ -73,3 +73,8 @@ if (xUnknown != null) {
     xUnknown;
 }
 
+declare let option: { type: string } | undefined;
+
+if ((option satisfies { type: string } | undefined) !== undefined) {
+    option.type;
+}
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/conformance/controlFlow/controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/conformance/controlFlow/controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..35e4a37948091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/conformance/controlFlow/controlFlowOptionalChain4.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// @strict: true
+// @noEmit: true
+
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/56998
+
+type Type = {
+    id: number;
+};
+
+type InferenceInfo = {
+    typeParameter: Type;
+    impliedArity?: number;
+};
+
+declare function getInferenceInfoForType(type: Type): InferenceInfo | undefined;
+
+function fn1(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+        info.impliedArity;
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+        info.impliedArity;
+    }
+}
+
+function fn2(t1: Type, t2: Type) {
+    let info = getInferenceInfoForType(t1);
+    if (info?.impliedArity !== undefined) {
+        info.impliedArity;
+    }
+    else if ((info = getInferenceInfoForType(t2))?.impliedArity) {
+        info.impliedArity;
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/60855
+
+type Option = { type: "Some"; value: number; } | { type: "None"; };
+
+declare function someOptionalOption(): Option | undefined;
+
+function test60855(): number | undefined {
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === "Some") {
+        return option.value;
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+function testEqualityWithUndefined() {
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type === undefined) {
+        option.type;
+    }
+}
+
+function testNegativeEquality() {
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption())?.type !== "Some") {
+        option.type;
+    }
+}
+
+function testFalsyBranch() {
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+
+    if (!(option = someOptionalOption())?.type) {
+        option.type;
+    }
+}
+
+function testAssignmentWithSatisfies() {
+    let option: Option | undefined;
+
+    if ((option = someOptionalOption() satisfies Option | undefined)?.type === "Some") {
+        option.value;
+    }
+}