CUDA 13 support

[jameslamb]

Description

CUDA 13 was released recently (https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive).

LightGBM should add support here.

Benefits of this work

• allows users to take advantage of new features, bugfixes, performance improvements
• allows user to build LightGBM for user on newer GPUs

Acceptance criteria

• LightGBM can be built from source targeting v13.x of the CUDA toolkit

Approach

See conda-forge/lightgbm-feedstock#75 for at least one small patch needed.

At least add support for building from source here, and test on a machine with a new-enough driver (maybe from a cloud service provider like AWS). Or with CI, if the GitHub runners support it.

Notes

related: #6828

[StrikerRUS]

I installed 580 version NVIDIA driver on a workstation (not server) machine and now able to run both CUDA 13 and CUDA 12 Docker images.