diff --git a/detect/threat.go b/detect/threat.go
index b50b885..b46e5aa 100644
--- a/detect/threat.go
+++ b/detect/threat.go
@@ -36,41 +36,16 @@ func (e *Engine) ThreatModel(r *brief.Report) *brief.ThreatReport {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for _, d := range allDetections(r) {
-		tool := e.KB.ByName[d.Name]
-		if tool == nil {
-			continue
-		}
+	contributes := e.resolveThreats(allDetections(r), addThreat)
 
-		// Build the tool's tag set for conjunctive matching.
-		tags := make(map[string]bool)
-		for _, t := range tool.Taxonomy.Tags() {
-			tags[t] = true
-		}
-
-		// Skip stack entry if the tool has no taxonomy and no security data:
-		// it contributes nothing and would just be noise.
-		hasSecurityData := len(tool.Security.Threats) > 0 || len(tool.Security.Sinks) > 0
-		if len(tags) > 0 || hasSecurityData {
+	// Build stack from tools that actually contribute threats or sinks.
+	for _, d := range allDetections(r) {
+		if contributes[d.Name] {
 			tr.Stack = append(tr.Stack, brief.StackEntry{
 				Name:     d.Name,
 				Taxonomy: d.Taxonomy,
 			})
 		}
-
-		// Check each mapping for a conjunctive match against this tool's tags.
-		for _, m := range e.KB.ThreatMappings {
-			if matchesAll(tags, m.Match) {
-				for _, id := range m.Threats {
-					addThreat(id, d.Name, m.Note)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Explicit threats on the tool definition.
-		for _, id := range tool.Security.Threats {
-			addThreat(id, d.Name, "")
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Resolve threat IDs against the registry and sort.
@@ -154,6 +129,43 @@ func allDetections(r *brief.Report) []brief.Detection {
 	return all
 }
 
+// resolveThreats iterates detections, matches taxonomy tags against threat
+// mappings, and calls addThreat for each hit. Returns a set of tool names
+// that contribute threats or sinks (for stack filtering).
+func (e *Engine) resolveThreats(detections []brief.Detection, addThreat func(id, tool, note string)) map[string]bool {
+	contributes := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, d := range detections {
+		tool := e.KB.ByName[d.Name]
+		if tool == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		tags := make(map[string]bool)
+		for _, t := range tool.Taxonomy.Tags() {
+			tags[t] = true
+		}
+
+		for _, m := range e.KB.ThreatMappings {
+			if matchesAll(tags, m.Match) {
+				contributes[d.Name] = true
+				for _, id := range m.Threats {
+					addThreat(id, d.Name, m.Note)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, id := range tool.Security.Threats {
+			contributes[d.Name] = true
+			addThreat(id, d.Name, "")
+		}
+
+		if len(tool.Security.Sinks) > 0 {
+			contributes[d.Name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return contributes
+}
+
 // matchesAll reports whether the tag set contains every required tag.
 // An empty required slice matches nothing (vacuous mappings shouldn't fire).
 func matchesAll(have map[string]bool, required []string) bool {
diff --git a/detect/threat_test.go b/detect/threat_test.go
index 4771333..9a71b35 100644
--- a/detect/threat_test.go
+++ b/detect/threat_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestThreatModelRubyProject(t *testing.T) {
 		threatIDs[th.ID] = true
 	}
 
-	wantThreats := []string{"xss", "csrf", "ssti", "auth_bypass", "ssrf"}
+	wantThreats := []string{"xss", "csrf", "ssti", "auth_bypass"}
 	for _, w := range wantThreats {
 		if !threatIDs[w] {
 			t.Errorf("expected threat %q, got %v", w, tr.Threats)
diff --git a/knowledge/_shared/_threats.toml b/knowledge/_shared/_threats.toml
index 81226ce..ae98bf3 100644
--- a/knowledge/_shared/_threats.toml
+++ b/knowledge/_shared/_threats.toml
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ note = "Spawns OS processes from string arguments"
 
 [[mappings]]
 match = ["role:framework", "layer:backend"]
-threats = ["xss", "csrf", "open_redirect", "ssrf", "path_traversal", "auth_bypass"]
+threats = ["xss", "csrf", "open_redirect", "path_traversal", "auth_bypass"]
 note = "Server-side framework handling user-controlled HTTP input"
 
 [[mappings]]
diff --git a/report/markdown.go b/report/markdown.go
index 98ff41a..d24a1d1 100644
--- a/report/markdown.go
+++ b/report/markdown.go
@@ -354,15 +354,15 @@ func MissingMarkdown(w io.Writer, r *brief.MissingReport) {
 
 // ThreatMarkdown writes the threat report in markdown format.
 func ThreatMarkdown(w io.Writer, r *brief.ThreatReport) {
-	if len(r.Threats) == 0 {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "No security data available for detected tools.")
-		return
-	}
-
 	if len(r.Ecosystems) > 0 {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "**Detected:** %s\n\n", strings.Join(r.Ecosystems, ", "))
 	}
 
+	if len(r.Threats) == 0 {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "No threat categories match the detected stack.")
+		return
+	}
+
 	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "| Threat | CWE | OWASP | Introduced by |")
 	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "|--------|-----|-------|---------------|")
 	for _, t := range r.Threats {
diff --git a/report/markdown_test.go b/report/markdown_test.go
index b564f7f..c94a29a 100644
--- a/report/markdown_test.go
+++ b/report/markdown_test.go
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ func TestThreatMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
 func TestThreatMarkdownEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	ThreatMarkdown(&buf, &brief.ThreatReport{})
-	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "No security data available") {
+	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "No threat categories match") {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty message\ngot:\n%s", buf.String())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/report/report.go b/report/report.go
index 4e2e4ba..1c62c26 100644
--- a/report/report.go
+++ b/report/report.go
@@ -361,11 +361,6 @@ func ThreatJSON(w io.Writer, r *brief.ThreatReport) error {
 
 // ThreatHuman writes the threat report in human-readable format.
 func ThreatHuman(w io.Writer, r *brief.ThreatReport) {
-	if len(r.Threats) == 0 {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "No security data available for detected tools.")
-		return
-	}
-
 	if len(r.Ecosystems) > 0 {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Detected: %s\n", strings.Join(r.Ecosystems, ", "))
 	}
@@ -376,6 +371,11 @@ func ThreatHuman(w io.Writer, r *brief.ThreatReport) {
 		}
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Stack:    %s\n", strings.Join(names, ", "))
 	}
+
+	if len(r.Threats) == 0 {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nNo threat categories match the detected stack.")
+		return
+	}
 	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w)
 
 	for _, t := range r.Threats {
diff --git a/report/report_test.go b/report/report_test.go
index 5b9189f..9eb6012 100644
--- a/report/report_test.go
+++ b/report/report_test.go
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func TestThreatHuman(t *testing.T) {
 func TestThreatHumanEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	ThreatHuman(&buf, &brief.ThreatReport{})
-	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "No security data available") {
+	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "No threat categories match") {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty message, got:\n%s", buf.String())
 	}
 }