diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a3d0cec6fc1..c5193dc883f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@
   - On a busy device during cold start this could stall the launcher activity's `onCreate` for hundreds of milliseconds.
 - Do not inspect the response body of streaming Apollo 3 and 4 responses (`multipart/mixed`, `text/event-stream`) for failed requests, which blocked `@defer` and `@stream` ([#6432](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6432))
 - Set Apollo 3, 4, and 5 HTTP spans to `CANCELLED` instead of `INTERNAL_ERROR` when the request is cancelled ([#6284](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6284))
+- Stop swallowing fatal errors such as `OutOfMemoryError` in the SDK code that loads native libraries and optional dependencies ([#6562](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6562))
+  - The offline cache no longer deletes its queue file when it runs out of memory while reading it.
+  - The Ktor client integration no longer swallows coroutine cancellation while reading the response body of a failed request.
 
 ### Improvements
 
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AppState.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AppState.java
index 74522f7aaac..228a5909ae8 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AppState.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AppState.java
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ private void ensureLifecycleObserver(final @NotNull ILogger logger) {
           SentryLevel.WARNING,
           "androidx.lifecycle is not available, some features might not be properly working,"
               + "e.g. Session Tracking, Network and System Events breadcrumbs, etc.");
-    } catch (Throwable e) {
+    } catch (LinkageError e) {
+      // androidx.lifecycle has an incompatible version
       logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "AppState could not register lifecycle observer", e);
     }
   }
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ private void addObserverInternal(final @NotNull ILogger logger) {
       if (observerRef != null) {
         ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(observerRef);
       }
-    } catch (Throwable e) {
+    } catch (LinkageError e) {
       // This is to handle a potential 'AbstractMethodError' gracefully. The error is triggered in
       // connection with conflicting dependencies of the androidx.lifecycle.
       // //See the issue here: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/2228
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/Installation.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/Installation.java
index ba08e71342a..8f85a1ef4f1 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/Installation.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/Installation.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public static String id(final @NotNull Context context) throws RuntimeException
             return deviceId;
           }
           deviceId = readInstallationFile(installation);
-        } catch (Throwable e) {
+        } catch (IOException e) {
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
       }
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/NdkIntegration.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/NdkIntegration.java
index 8353a32d65d..7bac0d63a68 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/NdkIntegration.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/NdkIntegration.java
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ public final void register(final @NotNull IScopes scopes, final @NotNull SentryO
         this.options
             .getLogger()
             .log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to invoke the SentryNdk.init method.", e);
-      } catch (Throwable e) {
+      } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+        // InvocationTargetException wraps whatever SentryNdk.init threw, such as an
+        // UnsatisfiedLinkError when the native library failed to load
         disableNdkIntegration(this.options);
         this.options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to initialize SentryNdk.", e);
       }
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
         options
             .getLogger()
             .log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to invoke the SentryNdk.close method.", e);
-      } catch (Throwable e) {
+      } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
         options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to close SentryNdk.", e);
       } finally {
         disableNdkIntegration(this.options);
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ViewHierarchyEventProcessor.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ViewHierarchyEventProcessor.java
index ffd3323e601..096bd26858e 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ViewHierarchyEventProcessor.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ViewHierarchyEventProcessor.java
@@ -196,7 +196,14 @@ public static ViewHierarchy snapshotViewHierarchy(
               try {
                 viewHierarchy.set(snapshotViewHierarchy(decorView, exporters));
                 latch.countDown();
+              } catch (LinkageError e) {
+                // The Compose exporter calls Compose internals, which may not match the app's
+                // Compose version
+                logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to process view hierarchy.", e);
               } catch (Throwable t) {
+                // The snapshot calls into the app's own views, so we can't know what it throws.
+                // The event is sent without a view hierarchy.
+                ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(t);
                 logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to process view hierarchy.", t);
               }
             });
@@ -204,7 +211,14 @@ public static ViewHierarchy snapshotViewHierarchy(
           return viewHierarchy.get();
         }
       }
+    } catch (LinkageError e) {
+      // The Compose exporter calls Compose internals, which may not match the app's Compose
+      // version
+      logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to process view hierarchy.", e);
     } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // The snapshot calls into the app's own views, so we can't know what it throws. The event
+      // is sent without a view hierarchy.
+      ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(t);
       logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to process view hierarchy.", t);
     }
     return null;
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/internal/gestures/SentryWindowCallback.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/internal/gestures/SentryWindowCallback.java
index 612eb97946e..7a3e6b42302 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/internal/gestures/SentryWindowCallback.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/internal/gestures/SentryWindowCallback.java
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import io.sentry.SentryLevel;
 import io.sentry.SentryOptions;
 import io.sentry.SpanStatus;
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -56,7 +57,16 @@ public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(final @Nullable MotionEvent motionEvent) {
       final MotionEvent copy = motionEventObtainer.obtain(motionEvent);
       try {
         handleTouchEvent(copy);
+      } catch (LinkageError e) {
+        // The Compose gesture locator calls Compose internals, which may not match the app's
+        // Compose version
+        if (options != null) {
+          options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Error dispatching touch event", e);
+        }
       } catch (Throwable e) {
+        // Locating the touched view calls into the app's own views, so we can't know what it
+        // throws. The gesture is not recorded, and the touch still reaches the app.
+        ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e);
         if (options != null) {
           options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Error dispatching touch event", e);
         }
diff --git a/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/DebugImagesLoader.java b/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/DebugImagesLoader.java
index 602981c1d01..af817abe722 100644
--- a/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/DebugImagesLoader.java
+++ b/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/DebugImagesLoader.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import io.sentry.ndk.NativeModuleListLoader;
 import io.sentry.protocol.DebugImage;
 import io.sentry.util.AutoClosableReentrantLock;
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils;
 import io.sentry.util.Objects;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -71,7 +72,13 @@ public DebugImagesLoader(
                 .getLogger()
                 .log(SentryLevel.DEBUG, "Debug images loaded: %d", debugImages.size());
           }
+        } catch (LinkageError e) {
+          // e.g. UnsatisfiedLinkError when the native library failed to load
+          options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, e, "Failed to load debug images.");
         } catch (Throwable e) {
+          // A JNI call into sentry-native, so we can't know what it throws. The event is sent
+          // without debug images.
+          ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e);
           options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, e, "Failed to load debug images.");
         }
       }
@@ -172,7 +179,13 @@ public void clearDebugImages() {
         moduleListLoader.clearModuleList();
 
         options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.INFO, "Debug images cleared.");
+      } catch (LinkageError e) {
+        // e.g. UnsatisfiedLinkError when the native library failed to load
+        options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, e, "Failed to clear debug images.");
       } catch (Throwable e) {
+        // A JNI call into sentry-native, so we can't know what it throws. The cached list is
+        // cleared either way.
+        ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e);
         options.getLogger().log(SentryLevel.ERROR, e, "Failed to clear debug images.");
       }
       debugImages = null;
diff --git a/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/SentryNdk.java b/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/SentryNdk.java
index fae652f7a64..c182ba6ca7e 100644
--- a/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/SentryNdk.java
+++ b/sentry-android-ndk/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/ndk/SentryNdk.java
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ private SentryNdk() {}
               try {
                 //noinspection UnstableApiUsage
                 io.sentry.ndk.SentryNdk.loadNativeLibraries();
-              } catch (Throwable t) {
-                // ignored
-                // if loadLibrary() fails, the later init() will throw an exception anyway
+              } catch (LinkageError ignored) {
+                // e.g. UnsatisfiedLinkError. The later init() throws too, which disables the NDK
+                // integration.
               } finally {
                 loadLibraryLatch.countDown();
               }
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/Windows.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/Windows.kt
index 4f8f6cabf58..e1586738935 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/Windows.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/Windows.kt
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ internal object WindowSpy {
     lazy(NONE) {
       try {
         Class.forName("com.android.internal.policy.DecorView")
-      } catch (ignored: Throwable) {
+      } catch (ignored: ClassNotFoundException) {
         Log.d("WindowSpy", "Unexpected exception loading DecorView on API $SDK_INT", ignored)
         null
       }
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ internal object WindowManagerSpy {
       val className = "android.view.WindowManagerGlobal"
       try {
         Class.forName(className)
-      } catch (ignored: Throwable) {
+      } catch (ignored: ClassNotFoundException) {
         Log.w("WindowManagerSpy", ignored)
         null
       }
@@ -198,7 +198,10 @@ internal object WindowManagerSpy {
           mViewsField[windowManagerInstance] = swap(mViews)
         }
       }
-    } catch (ignored: Throwable) {
+    } catch (ignored: ReflectiveOperationException) {
+      Log.w("WindowManagerSpy", ignored)
+    } catch (ignored: ClassCastException) {
+      // mViews is not an ArrayList on this device
       Log.w("WindowManagerSpy", ignored)
     }
   }
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/util/Nodes.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/util/Nodes.kt
index 704260cf311..66372e7ba77 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/util/Nodes.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/util/Nodes.kt
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import androidx.compose.ui.layout.LayoutCoordinates
 import androidx.compose.ui.layout.findRootCoordinates
 import androidx.compose.ui.node.LayoutNode
 import androidx.compose.ui.text.TextLayoutResult
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils
 import kotlin.math.ceil
 import kotlin.math.floor
 import kotlin.math.roundToInt
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ internal fun LayoutNode.findPainter(): Painter? {
       return try {
         modifier::class.java.getDeclaredField("painter").apply { isAccessible = true }.get(modifier)
           as? Painter
-      } catch (e: Throwable) {
+      } catch (_: ReflectiveOperationException) {
         null
       }
     }
@@ -136,7 +137,12 @@ internal fun LayoutNode.findTextColor(): Color? {
         (modifier::class.java.getDeclaredField("color").apply { isAccessible = true }.get(modifier)
             as? ColorProducer)
           ?.invoke()
+      } catch (_: LinkageError) {
+        // older Compose versions don't have ColorProducer
+        null
       } catch (e: Throwable) {
+        // ColorProducer.invoke() runs the app's color lambda, so we can't know what it throws
+        ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e)
         null
       }
     }
diff --git a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/viewhierarchy/ComposeViewHierarchyNode.kt b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/viewhierarchy/ComposeViewHierarchyNode.kt
index 2e40144e2de..cf8b8c69eac 100644
--- a/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/viewhierarchy/ComposeViewHierarchyNode.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-replay/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/replay/viewhierarchy/ComposeViewHierarchyNode.kt
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import io.sentry.android.replay.util.toRect
 import io.sentry.android.replay.viewhierarchy.ViewHierarchyNode.GenericViewHierarchyNode
 import io.sentry.android.replay.viewhierarchy.ViewHierarchyNode.ImageViewHierarchyNode
 import io.sentry.android.replay.viewhierarchy.ViewHierarchyNode.TextViewHierarchyNode
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
 import java.lang.reflect.Method
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
           .java
           .getDeclaredMethod("getCollapsedSemantics\$ui_release")
           .apply { isAccessible = true }
-      } catch (_: Throwable) {
+      } catch (_: NoSuchMethodException) {
         // ignore, as this method may not be available
       }
       return@lazy null
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
   internal fun retrieveSemanticsConfiguration(node: LayoutNode): SemanticsConfiguration? {
     return try {
       node.semanticsConfiguration
-    } catch (t: Throwable) {
+    } catch (t: NoSuchMethodError) {
       // for backwards compatibility
       // Jetpack Compose 1.8 or older
       if (getCollapsedSemanticsMethod != null) {
@@ -128,16 +129,27 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
     }
 
     val visibleRect = node.coordinates.boundsInWindow(_rootCoordinates?.get())
-    val semantics: SemanticsConfiguration?
+    var semanticsFailure: Throwable? = null
+    val semantics: SemanticsConfiguration? =
+      try {
+        retrieveSemanticsConfiguration(node)
+      } catch (e: LinkageError) {
+        // an unsupported Compose version, which must not crash the app
+        semanticsFailure = e
+        null
+      } catch (t: Throwable) {
+        // semantics modifiers run app code, so we can't know what this throws
+        ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(t)
+        semanticsFailure = t
+        null
+      }
 
-    try {
-      semantics = retrieveSemanticsConfiguration(node)
-    } catch (t: Throwable) {
+    if (semanticsFailure != null) {
       if (!semanticsRetrievalErrorLogged) {
         semanticsRetrievalErrorLogged = true
         logger.log(
           SentryLevel.ERROR,
-          t,
+          semanticsFailure,
           """
           Error retrieving semantics information from Compose tree. Most likely you're using
           an unsupported version of androidx.compose.ui:ui. The supported
@@ -152,7 +164,7 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
       // fail fast in our own sample/UI-test apps (see SentryReplayDebug), so regressions surface
       // as crashes instead of silently degrading masking
       if (SentryReplayDebug.failFast) {
-        throw t
+        throw semanticsFailure
       }
 
       // If we're unable to retrieve the semantics configuration
@@ -284,13 +296,23 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
       return false
     }
 
+    var traversalFailure: Throwable? = null
     try {
       val rootNode = (view as? Owner)?.root ?: return false
       rootNode.traverse(parent, isComposeRoot = true, options, logger)
+    } catch (e: LinkageError) {
+      // an unsupported Compose version, which must not crash the app
+      traversalFailure = e
     } catch (e: Throwable) {
+      // the traversal runs app code, so we can't know what it throws
+      ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e)
+      traversalFailure = e
+    }
+
+    if (traversalFailure != null) {
       logger.log(
         SentryLevel.ERROR,
-        e,
+        traversalFailure,
         """
         Error traversing Compose tree. Most likely you're using an unsupported version of
         androidx.compose.ui:ui. The minimum supported version is 1.5.0. If it's a newer
@@ -302,7 +324,7 @@ internal object ComposeViewHierarchyNode {
       // fail fast in our own sample/UI-test apps (see SentryReplayDebug), so regressions surface
       // as crashes instead of silently skipping the whole Compose subtree (i.e. not masking it)
       if (SentryReplayDebug.failFast) {
-        throw e
+        throw traversalFailure
       }
       return false
     }
diff --git a/sentry-compose/src/androidMain/kotlin/io/sentry/compose/SentryComposeHelper.kt b/sentry-compose/src/androidMain/kotlin/io/sentry/compose/SentryComposeHelper.kt
index 10d02103ba1..39325bda05e 100644
--- a/sentry-compose/src/androidMain/kotlin/io/sentry/compose/SentryComposeHelper.kt
+++ b/sentry-compose/src/androidMain/kotlin/io/sentry/compose/SentryComposeHelper.kt
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ internal class SentryComposeHelper(logger: ILogger) {
         val value = sentryTagElementField.get(modifier)
         return value as String?
       }
-    } catch (e: Throwable) {
-      // ignored
+    } catch (_: IllegalAccessException) {
+      // fall back to SemanticsModifier below
+    } catch (_: ClassCastException) {
+      // the tag is not a String in this Compose version
     }
 
     // Older versions use SemanticsModifier
diff --git a/sentry-ktor-client/src/main/java/io/sentry/ktorClient/SentryKtorClientUtils.kt b/sentry-ktor-client/src/main/java/io/sentry/ktorClient/SentryKtorClientUtils.kt
index 6632efce93f..339e12c052c 100644
--- a/sentry-ktor-client/src/main/java/io/sentry/ktorClient/SentryKtorClientUtils.kt
+++ b/sentry-ktor-client/src/main/java/io/sentry/ktorClient/SentryKtorClientUtils.kt
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import io.sentry.exception.ExceptionMechanismException
 import io.sentry.exception.SentryHttpClientException
 import io.sentry.protocol.Mechanism
 import io.sentry.util.CookieUtils
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils
 import io.sentry.util.HttpUtils
 import io.sentry.util.UrlUtils
+import kotlin.coroutines.cancellation.CancellationException
 
 internal object SentryKtorClientUtils {
   internal suspend fun captureClientError(
@@ -51,7 +53,12 @@ internal object SentryKtorClientUtils {
         statusCode = response.status.value
         try {
           bodySize = response.bodyAsBytes().size.toLong()
-        } catch (_: Throwable) {}
+        } catch (e: CancellationException) {
+          throw e
+        } catch (@Suppress("TooGenericExceptionCaught") e: Throwable) {
+          // The HTTP engine can throw anything while reading the body. The body size is optional.
+          ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(e)
+        }
       }
 
     event.request = sentryRequest
diff --git a/sentry-opentelemetry/sentry-opentelemetry-bootstrap/src/main/java/io/sentry/opentelemetry/SentryContextStorageProvider.java b/sentry-opentelemetry/sentry-opentelemetry-bootstrap/src/main/java/io/sentry/opentelemetry/SentryContextStorageProvider.java
index 16599595866..45dd6026874 100644
--- a/sentry-opentelemetry/sentry-opentelemetry-bootstrap/src/main/java/io/sentry/opentelemetry/SentryContextStorageProvider.java
+++ b/sentry-opentelemetry/sentry-opentelemetry-bootstrap/src/main/java/io/sentry/opentelemetry/SentryContextStorageProvider.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import io.opentelemetry.context.ContextStorage;
 import io.opentelemetry.context.ContextStorageProvider;
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@@ -23,8 +24,11 @@ public ContextStorage get() {
           return contextStorageProvider.get();
         }
       }
+    } catch (LinkageError ignored) {
+      // a provider needs a class that is missing or has an incompatible version, use fallback
     } catch (Throwable t) {
-      // ignore and use fallback
+      // Other providers are third-party code, so we can't know what they throw. Use fallback.
+      ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(t);
     }
 
     // using default / fallback storage
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/Sentry.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/Sentry.java
index 932569177b4..f83f6667f6d 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/Sentry.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/Sentry.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import io.sentry.transport.NoOpEnvelopeCache;
 import io.sentry.util.AutoClosableReentrantLock;
 import io.sentry.util.DebugMetaPropertiesApplier;
+import io.sentry.util.ExceptionUtils;
 import io.sentry.util.FileUtils;
 import io.sentry.util.InitUtil;
 import io.sentry.util.LoadClass;
@@ -362,7 +363,21 @@ private static void init(final @NotNull SentryOptions options, final boolean glo
         for (final Integration integration : options.getIntegrations()) {
           try {
             integration.register(ScopesAdapter.getInstance(), options);
+          } catch (LinkageError e) {
+            // The integration needs an optional dependency that is missing or has an incompatible
+            // version. It is skipped and init continues.
+            options
+                .getLogger()
+                .log(
+                    SentryLevel.WARNING,
+                    "Failed to register the integration "
+                        + integration.getClass().getName()
+                        + ", a dependency it needs is missing or incompatible",
+                    e);
           } catch (Throwable t) {
+            // Integrations can be user-provided, so we can't know what they throw. A failing
+            // integration is skipped and init continues.
+            ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal(t);
             options
                 .getLogger()
                 .log(
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/SentryOptions.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/SentryOptions.java
index 71dd4588e33..c9f143df377 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/SentryOptions.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/SentryOptions.java
@@ -737,8 +737,8 @@ public void activate() {
       try {
         final Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("io.sentry.spotlight.SpotlightIntegration");
         integrations.add((Integration) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance());
-      } catch (Throwable ignored) {
-        // SpotlightIntegration not available
+      } catch (ReflectiveOperationException | LinkageError ignored) {
+        // sentry-spotlight is missing or has an incompatible version
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/UncaughtExceptionHandlerIntegration.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/UncaughtExceptionHandlerIntegration.java
index 07e9b6357d7..6be630a0c7a 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/UncaughtExceptionHandlerIntegration.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/UncaughtExceptionHandlerIntegration.java
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable thrown) {
           }
         }
       } catch (Throwable e) {
+        // Deliberately broad and without ExceptionUtils.rethrowIfFatal: this thread is already
+        // dying, and rethrowing would skip the chained handler below, which is what makes the app
+        // crash as it normally would (on Android, it kills the process). The crash event is lost.
         options
             .getLogger()
             .log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Error sending uncaught exception to Sentry.", e);
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/cache/tape/QueueFile.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/cache/tape/QueueFile.java
index 137f1cd9156..c93d19ebf75 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/cache/tape/QueueFile.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/cache/tape/QueueFile.java
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ boolean ringRead(long position, byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) throws IOE
       resetFile();
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw e;
-    } catch (Throwable e) {
+    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
       // most likely the file is corrupt, so we delete it and recreate, accepting data loss
       resetFile();
     }
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/profiling/ProfilingServiceLoader.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/profiling/ProfilingServiceLoader.java
index cf86a13fc53..683eea8a866 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/profiling/ProfilingServiceLoader.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/profiling/ProfilingServiceLoader.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import io.sentry.ScopesAdapter;
 import io.sentry.SentryLevel;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.ServiceConfigurationError;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.ApiStatus;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ public final class ProfilingServiceLoader {
       logger.log(
           SentryLevel.DEBUG, "No continuous profiler provider found, using NoOpContinuousProfiler");
       return NoOpContinuousProfiler.getInstance();
-    } catch (Throwable t) {
+    } catch (ServiceConfigurationError | LinkageError t) {
+      // The provider is broken, or async-profiler's native library failed to load
       logger.log(
           SentryLevel.ERROR,
           "Failed to load continuous profiler provider, using NoOpContinuousProfiler",
@@ -68,7 +70,8 @@ public final class ProfilingServiceLoader {
             SentryLevel.DEBUG, "No profile converter provider found, using NoOpProfileConverter");
         return NoOpProfileConverter.getInstance();
       }
-    } catch (Throwable t) {
+    } catch (ServiceConfigurationError | LinkageError t) {
+      // The provider is broken, or a class it needs is missing
       logger.log(
           SentryLevel.ERROR,
           "Failed to load profile converter provider, using NoOpProfileConverter",
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClass.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClass.java
index bf179fad459..aedd27a14be 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClass.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClass.java
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ public class LoadClass {
       if (logger != null) {
         logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to load (UnsatisfiedLinkError) " + clazz, e);
       }
-    } catch (Throwable e) {
+    } catch (LinkageError e) {
+      // e.g. ExceptionInInitializerError, or NoClassDefFoundError for a dependency of the class
       if (logger != null) {
         logger.log(SentryLevel.ERROR, "Failed to initialize " + clazz, e);
       }
diff --git a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryTest.kt b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryTest.kt
index 8b87e67f9f5..8d0e2c54e0d 100644
--- a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryTest.kt
+++ b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryTest.kt
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ import org.mockito.kotlin.argThat
 import org.mockito.kotlin.argumentCaptor
 import org.mockito.kotlin.atLeastOnce
 import org.mockito.kotlin.check
+import org.mockito.kotlin.doThrow
 import org.mockito.kotlin.eq
 import org.mockito.kotlin.inOrder
 import org.mockito.kotlin.mock
@@ -680,6 +681,49 @@ class SentryTest {
     verify(logger).log(eq(SentryLevel.ERROR), any(), eq(initException))
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `init skips an integration whose dependency is missing and registers the rest`() {
+    val failing = mock<Integration>()
+    doThrow(NoClassDefFoundError("missing")).whenever(failing).register(any(), any())
+    val next = mock<Integration>()
+
+    initForTest {
+      it.dsn = dsn
+      it.addIntegration(failing)
+      it.addIntegration(next)
+    }
+
+    verify(next).register(any(), any())
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `init skips an integration that throws on register and registers the rest`() {
+    val failing = mock<Integration>()
+    doThrow(IllegalStateException("register")).whenever(failing).register(any(), any())
+    val next = mock<Integration>()
+
+    initForTest {
+      it.dsn = dsn
+      it.addIntegration(failing)
+      it.addIntegration(next)
+    }
+
+    verify(next).register(any(), any())
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `init rethrows a fatal error from an integration's register`() {
+    val failing = mock<Integration>()
+    doThrow(OutOfMemoryError("register")).whenever(failing).register(any(), any())
+
+    assertThrows(OutOfMemoryError::class.java) {
+      initForTest {
+        it.dsn = dsn
+        it.addIntegration(failing)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun `overrides envelope cache if it's not set`() {
     var sentryOptions: SentryOptions? = null
diff --git a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClassTest.kt b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClassTest.kt
index 4cb921feff8..3dcc478bb9f 100644
--- a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClassTest.kt
+++ b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/util/LoadClassTest.kt
@@ -74,6 +74,17 @@ class LoadClassTest {
 
     assertTrue(LoadClassInitFlag.initialized)
   }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `loadClass returns null when the static initializer of the class throws`() {
+    assertNull(LoadClass().loadClass(LoadClassFailingInitProbe::class.java.name, null))
+  }
+}
+
+private object LoadClassFailingInitProbe {
+  init {
+    throw IllegalStateException("init")
+  }
 }
 
 private object IsClassAvailableNoInitFlag {