diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index cfa3a1d..7131424 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -251,6 +251,8 @@ It can do some stuff server-side, which is usually not possible when using other
 cloud storage servers:
 
 - enforcing permissions
+- server rejects store operation if content hashsum does not match expected
+  hashsum (from http header X-Content-hash-sha256)
 - server-side hash computation (e.g. sha256) for item content
 - server-side defragmentation helper (copies blocks to new items)
 
diff --git a/src/borgstore/backends/rest.py b/src/borgstore/backends/rest.py
index acac323..61726bb 100644
--- a/src/borgstore/backends/rest.py
+++ b/src/borgstore/backends/rest.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 import json
+import hashlib
 from typing import Iterator, Dict, Optional
 from types import ModuleType
 from http import HTTPStatus as HTTP
@@ -202,7 +203,9 @@ def load(self, name: str, *, size=None, offset=0) -> bytes:
     def store(self, name: str, value: bytes) -> None:
         self._assert_open()
         validate_name(name)
-        response = self._request("post", self._url(name), data=value)
+        algorithm = "sha256"
+        headers = {f"X-Content-hash-{algorithm}": hashlib.new(algorithm, value).hexdigest()}
+        response = self._request("post", self._url(name), data=value, headers=headers)
         self._handle_response(response, name)
 
     def delete(self, name: str) -> None:
diff --git a/src/borgstore/server/rest.py b/src/borgstore/server/rest.py
index c77ffb0..99b301f 100644
--- a/src/borgstore/server/rest.py
+++ b/src/borgstore/server/rest.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import hashlib
 import argparse
 import json
 import base64
@@ -201,7 +202,14 @@ def do_POST(self):
         if self.name:
             try:
                 content_length = int(self.headers.get("Content-Length", 0))
+                algorithm = "sha256"
+                expected_hash = self.headers.get(f"X-Content-hash-{algorithm}")
                 data = self.rfile.read(content_length)
+                if expected_hash:
+                    got_hash = hashlib.new(algorithm, data).hexdigest()
+                    if got_hash != expected_hash:
+                        self.respond(HTTP.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, b"Content hash verification failed, please retry")
+                        return
                 with self.server.backend:
                     self.server.backend.store(self.name, data)
                 self.respond(HTTP.OK)
diff --git a/tests/test_server_rest.py b/tests/test_server_rest.py
index 00b752a..90a942b 100644
--- a/tests/test_server_rest.py
+++ b/tests/test_server_rest.py
@@ -434,3 +434,52 @@ def test_rest_backend_defrag(rest_server_with_auth):
 
     finally:
         be.close()
+
+
+def test_rest_content_hash_verification(rest_server_with_auth):
+    be = rest_server_with_auth
+    base_url = be.base_url + "/"
+    auth = be.auth
+    headers = {"Accept": "application/vnd.x.borgstore.rest.v1"}
+
+    be.create()
+    be.open()
+    try:
+        # 1. Test store with correct hash
+        data1 = b"some data, correct hash"
+        correct_hash = hashlib.sha256(data1).hexdigest()
+        h = headers.copy()
+        h["X-Content-hash-sha256"] = correct_hash
+
+        resp = requests.post(base_url + "item1", data=data1, auth=auth, headers=h)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+
+        # Verify it was stored
+        resp = requests.get(base_url + "item1", auth=auth, headers=headers)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert resp.content == data1
+
+        # 2. Test failed store with incorrect hash
+        data2 = b"some data, wrong hash"
+        wrong_hash = hashlib.sha256(b"something else").hexdigest()
+        h = headers.copy()
+        h["X-Content-hash-sha256"] = wrong_hash
+
+        resp = requests.post(base_url + "item2", data=data2, auth=auth, headers=h)
+        assert resp.status_code == 422
+        assert "Content hash verification failed" in resp.text
+
+        # Verify it was NOT stored
+        resp = requests.get(base_url + "item2", auth=auth, headers=headers)
+        assert resp.status_code == 404
+
+        # 3. Test store without hash header (should still work)
+        data3 = b"some data, no hash"
+        resp = requests.post(base_url + "item3", data=data3, auth=auth, headers=headers)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+
+        resp = requests.get(base_url + "item3", auth=auth, headers=headers)
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert resp.content == data3
+    finally:
+        be.close()