diff --git a/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/src/dialog/AlertDialog.tsx b/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/src/dialog/AlertDialog.tsx
index 8be387d4a8a..ff7394c0276 100644
--- a/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/src/dialog/AlertDialog.tsx
+++ b/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/src/dialog/AlertDialog.tsx
@@ -93,6 +93,26 @@ export const AlertDialog = forwardRef(function AlertDialog(
     }
   }
 
+  // The Escape key is normally handled by the overlay, which closes the dialog without
+  // pressing the cancel button. Handle it on the dialog itself instead, so that dismissing
+  // an AlertDialog with the Escape key is equivalent to pressing the cancel button.
+  let onKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (
+      e.key === 'Escape' &&
+      !e.nativeEvent.isComposing &&
+      !e.nativeEvent.repeat &&
+      !e.altKey &&
+      !e.ctrlKey &&
+      !e.shiftKey &&
+      !e.metaKey
+    ) {
+      onClose();
+      onCancel();
+      e.stopPropagation();
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+  };
+
   return (
     <Dialog
       UNSAFE_style={styleProps.style}
@@ -104,6 +124,7 @@ export const AlertDialog = forwardRef(function AlertDialog(
       isHidden={styleProps.hidden}
       size="M"
       role="alertdialog"
+      onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
       ref={ref}
       {...filterDOMProps(props, {labelable: true})}>
       <Heading>{title}</Heading>
diff --git a/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/test/dialog/AlertDialog.test.js b/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/test/dialog/AlertDialog.test.js
index 0c840198996..5d314b7a580 100644
--- a/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/test/dialog/AlertDialog.test.js
+++ b/packages/@adobe/react-spectrum/test/dialog/AlertDialog.test.js
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
  * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  */
 
+import {act, pointerMap, render, simulateDesktop} from '@react-spectrum/test-utils-internal';
+import {ActionButton} from '../../src/button/ActionButton';
 import {AlertDialog} from '../../src/dialog/AlertDialog';
-import {pointerMap, render} from '@react-spectrum/test-utils-internal';
+import {DialogTrigger} from '../../src/dialog/DialogTrigger';
 import {Provider} from '../../src/provider/Provider';
 import React from 'react';
 import {defaultTheme as theme} from '../../src/theme-default/defaultTheme';
@@ -279,4 +281,139 @@ describe('AlertDialog', function () {
 
     expect(getByRole('alertdialog')).toHaveAttribute('aria-describedby', 'content-id');
   });
+
+  it('fires onCancel when the Escape key is pressed', async function () {
+    let user = userEvent.setup({delay: null, pointerMap});
+    let onCancelSpy = jest.fn();
+    let {getByRole} = render(
+      <Provider theme={theme}>
+        <AlertDialog
+          variant="confirmation"
+          title="the title"
+          primaryActionLabel="confirm"
+          cancelLabel="cancel"
+          onCancel={onCancelSpy}>
+          Content body
+        </AlertDialog>
+      </Provider>
+    );
+
+    let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(dialog);
+
+    await user.keyboard('{Escape}');
+    expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith();
+  });
+
+  it('does not fire other handlers on Escape when onCancel is not provided', async function () {
+    let user = userEvent.setup({delay: null, pointerMap});
+    let onPrimaryAction = jest.fn();
+    let {getByRole} = render(
+      <Provider theme={theme}>
+        <AlertDialog
+          variant="confirmation"
+          title="the title"
+          primaryActionLabel="confirm"
+          onPrimaryAction={onPrimaryAction}>
+          Content body
+        </AlertDialog>
+      </Provider>
+    );
+
+    let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(dialog);
+
+    await user.keyboard('{Escape}');
+    expect(onPrimaryAction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  describe('within a DialogTrigger', function () {
+    beforeAll(() => {
+      jest.useFakeTimers();
+    });
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      simulateDesktop();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      act(() => jest.runAllTimers());
+    });
+
+    afterAll(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+      jest.useRealTimers();
+    });
+
+    it('fires onCancel once and closes the dialog when the Escape key is pressed', async function () {
+      let user = userEvent.setup({delay: null, pointerMap});
+      let onCancelSpy = jest.fn();
+      let {getByRole} = render(
+        <Provider theme={theme}>
+          <DialogTrigger>
+            <ActionButton>Trigger</ActionButton>
+            <AlertDialog
+              variant="confirmation"
+              title="the title"
+              primaryActionLabel="confirm"
+              cancelLabel="cancel"
+              onCancel={onCancelSpy}>
+              Content body
+            </AlertDialog>
+          </DialogTrigger>
+        </Provider>
+      );
+
+      let button = getByRole('button');
+      await user.click(button);
+      act(() => {
+        jest.runAllTimers();
+      });
+
+      let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+
+      await user.keyboard('{Escape}');
+      act(() => {
+        jest.runAllTimers();
+      });
+      expect(dialog).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('fires onCancel once when the cancel button is pressed', async function () {
+      let user = userEvent.setup({delay: null, pointerMap});
+      let onCancelSpy = jest.fn();
+      let {getByRole, getByText} = render(
+        <Provider theme={theme}>
+          <DialogTrigger>
+            <ActionButton>Trigger</ActionButton>
+            <AlertDialog
+              variant="confirmation"
+              title="the title"
+              primaryActionLabel="confirm"
+              cancelLabel="cancel"
+              onCancel={onCancelSpy}>
+              Content body
+            </AlertDialog>
+          </DialogTrigger>
+        </Provider>
+      );
+
+      let button = getByRole('button');
+      await user.click(button);
+      act(() => {
+        jest.runAllTimers();
+      });
+
+      let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+
+      await user.click(getByText('cancel'));
+      act(() => {
+        jest.runAllTimers();
+      });
+      expect(dialog).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/AlertDialog.tsx b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/AlertDialog.tsx
index 38d8ee5a0aa..8de3587da89 100644
--- a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/AlertDialog.tsx
+++ b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/AlertDialog.tsx
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ import {chain} from 'react-aria/chain';
 import {Content, Heading} from './Content';
 import {Dialog} from './Dialog';
 import {filterDOMProps} from 'react-aria/filterDOMProps';
-import {forwardRef, ReactNode} from 'react';
+import {forwardRef, KeyboardEvent as ReactKeyboardEvent, ReactNode, useContext} from 'react';
 import {IconContext} from './Icon';
 import intlMessages from '../intl/*.json';
 import NoticeSquare from '../s2wf-icons/S2_Icon_AlertDiamond_20_N.svg';
+import {OverlayTriggerStateContext} from 'react-aria-components/Dialog';
 import {Provider} from 'react-aria-components/slots';
 import {style} from '../style' with {type: 'macro'};
 import {UnsafeStyles} from './style-utils' with {type: 'macro'};
@@ -108,9 +109,37 @@ export const AlertDialog = forwardRef(function AlertDialog(props: AlertDialogPro
 
   let domProps = filterDOMProps(props, {labelable: true});
 
+  // The Escape key is normally handled by the modal overlay, which closes the dialog
+  // without pressing the cancel button. Handle it on the dialog itself instead, so that
+  // dismissing an AlertDialog with the Escape key is equivalent to pressing the cancel button.
+  let state = useContext(OverlayTriggerStateContext);
+  let onKeyDown = (e: ReactKeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (
+      e.key === 'Escape' &&
+      !e.nativeEvent.isComposing &&
+      !e.nativeEvent.repeat &&
+      !e.altKey &&
+      !e.ctrlKey &&
+      !e.shiftKey &&
+      !e.metaKey
+    ) {
+      if (state) {
+        state.close();
+        onCancel();
+        e.stopPropagation();
+        e.preventDefault();
+      } else {
+        // Within a DialogContainer there is no trigger state at this point in the tree.
+        // Let the event propagate so the overlay closes the dialog, and only fire onCancel.
+        onCancel();
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
   return (
     <Dialog
       {...domProps}
+      onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
       role="alertdialog"
       ref={ref}
       size={props.size}
diff --git a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/Dialog.tsx b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/Dialog.tsx
index c8b48444eed..a2915884879 100644
--- a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/Dialog.tsx
+++ b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/src/Dialog.tsx
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import {ButtonGroupContext} from './ButtonGroup';
 import {CloseButton} from './CloseButton';
 import {composeRenderProps} from 'react-aria-components/composeRenderProps';
 import {ContentContext, FooterContext, HeaderContext, HeadingContext} from './Content';
-import {DOMRef, GlobalDOMAttributes} from '@react-types/shared';
-import {forwardRef} from 'react';
+import {DOMRef, FocusableElement, GlobalDOMAttributes} from '@react-types/shared';
+import {forwardRef, KeyboardEventHandler} from 'react';
 import {ImageContext} from './Image';
 import {Modal} from './Modal';
 import {
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ export interface DialogProps
   size?: 'S' | 'M' | 'L' | 'XL';
   /** Whether pressing the escape key to close the dialog should be disabled. */
   isKeyboardDismissDisabled?: boolean;
+  /** @private */
+  onKeyDown?: KeyboardEventHandler<FocusableElement>;
 }
 
 const image = style({
diff --git a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/test/AlertDialog.test.tsx b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/test/AlertDialog.test.tsx
index 06a8f2d3fb8..cdb7eaabcb8 100644
--- a/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/test/AlertDialog.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/@react-spectrum/s2/test/AlertDialog.test.tsx
@@ -82,4 +82,91 @@ describe('AlertDialog', () => {
     let content = document.getElementById(description!);
     expect(content).toHaveTextContent('Test content');
   });
+
+  it('fires onCancel once and closes the dialog when the Escape key is pressed', async () => {
+    let onCancelSpy = jest.fn();
+    let {getByRole} = render(
+      <DialogTrigger>
+        <ActionButton>Open dialog</ActionButton>
+        <AlertDialog
+          title="Test"
+          primaryActionLabel="Confirm"
+          cancelLabel="Cancel"
+          onCancel={onCancelSpy}>
+          Test content
+        </AlertDialog>
+      </DialogTrigger>
+    );
+
+    let trigger = getByRole('button');
+    await user.click(trigger);
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+    expect(dialog).toBeVisible();
+
+    await user.keyboard('{Escape}');
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    expect(dialog).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('closes the dialog on Escape when onCancel is not provided', async () => {
+    let {getByRole} = render(
+      <DialogTrigger>
+        <ActionButton>Open dialog</ActionButton>
+        <AlertDialog title="Test" primaryActionLabel="Confirm">
+          Test content
+        </AlertDialog>
+      </DialogTrigger>
+    );
+
+    let trigger = getByRole('button');
+    await user.click(trigger);
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+    expect(dialog).toBeVisible();
+
+    await user.keyboard('{Escape}');
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    expect(dialog).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('fires onCancel once when the cancel button is pressed', async () => {
+    let onCancelSpy = jest.fn();
+    let {getByRole, getByText} = render(
+      <DialogTrigger>
+        <ActionButton>Open dialog</ActionButton>
+        <AlertDialog
+          title="Test"
+          primaryActionLabel="Confirm"
+          cancelLabel="Cancel"
+          onCancel={onCancelSpy}>
+          Test content
+        </AlertDialog>
+      </DialogTrigger>
+    );
+
+    let trigger = getByRole('button');
+    await user.click(trigger);
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    let dialog = getByRole('alertdialog');
+    expect(dialog).toBeVisible();
+
+    await user.click(getByText('Cancel'));
+    act(() => {
+      jest.runAllTimers();
+    });
+    expect(dialog).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(onCancelSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/react-aria-components/test/Dialog.test.js b/packages/react-aria-components/test/Dialog.test.js
index 1ea070282cf..31442a0137b 100644
--- a/packages/react-aria-components/test/Dialog.test.js
+++ b/packages/react-aria-components/test/Dialog.test.js
@@ -51,6 +51,21 @@ describe('Dialog', () => {
     expect(dialog).toHaveAttribute('data-rac');
   });
 
+  it('should support onKeyDown on the dialog element', async () => {
+    let onKeyDown = jest.fn();
+    let {getByRole} = render(
+      <Dialog onKeyDown={onKeyDown}>
+        <Heading slot="title">Title</Heading>
+      </Dialog>
+    );
+
+    let dialog = getByRole('dialog');
+    act(() => dialog.focus());
+    await user.keyboard('{Enter}');
+    expect(onKeyDown).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(onKeyDown).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({key: 'Enter'}));
+  });
+
   it('works with modal', async () => {
     let {getByRole} = render(
       <DialogTrigger>
diff --git a/packages/react-aria/src/dialog/useDialog.ts b/packages/react-aria/src/dialog/useDialog.ts
index 1a7a021a9a5..932fd07d49e 100644
--- a/packages/react-aria/src/dialog/useDialog.ts
+++ b/packages/react-aria/src/dialog/useDialog.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
 import {filterDOMProps} from '../utils/filterDOMProps';
 import {focusSafely} from '../interactions/focusSafely';
 import {getActiveElement, isFocusWithin} from '../utils/shadowdom/DOMFunctions';
-import {useEffect, useRef} from 'react';
+import {KeyboardEventHandler, useEffect, useRef} from 'react';
 import {useOverlayFocusContain} from '../overlays/Overlay';
 import {useSlotId} from '../utils/useId';
 
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ export interface AriaDialogProps extends DOMProps, AriaLabelingProps {
    * @default 'dialog'
    */
   role?: 'dialog' | 'alertdialog';
+  /** Handler that is called when a key is pressed while focus is inside the dialog. */
+  onKeyDown?: KeyboardEventHandler<FocusableElement>;
 }
 
 export interface DialogAria {
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ export function useDialog(
       tabIndex: -1,
       'aria-labelledby': props['aria-labelledby'] ?? titleId,
       'aria-describedby': ariaDescribedby,
+      onKeyDown: props.onKeyDown,
       // Prevent blur events from reaching useOverlay, which may cause
       // popovers to close. Since focus is contained within the dialog,
       // we don't want this to occur due to the above useEffect.