diff --git a/.changeset/fix-reused-subquery-placement.md b/.changeset/fix-reused-subquery-placement.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1e6d7112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-reused-subquery-placement.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/db': patch
+---
+
+Give each placement of a reused subquery builder an independent source identity so self-joins produce the correct rows.
diff --git a/packages/db/src/query/builder/clone-query.ts b/packages/db/src/query/builder/clone-query.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de19bc55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/db/src/query/builder/clone-query.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import {
+  CollectionRef,
+  ConditionalSelect,
+  IncludesSubquery,
+  QueryRef,
+  UnionAll,
+  UnionFrom,
+  isExpressionLike,
+} from '../ir.js'
+import type { From, QueryIR, Select, SelectValueExpression } from '../ir.js'
+
+/**
+ * Gives every query-source placement its own runtime source identities.
+ *
+ * A reused builder describes the same query meaning, but each FROM, JOIN,
+ * UNION, or include placement owns an independent position in the dataflow
+ * graph. Expressions are immutable and can remain shared; CollectionRefs
+ * cannot because their sourceId identifies that lexical position.
+ */
+export function cloneQueryForPlacement(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {
+  return cloneQuery(query, new WeakMap())
+}
+
+function cloneQuery(query: QueryIR, clones: WeakMap<object, object>): QueryIR {
+  const existing = clones.get(query)
+  if (existing) return existing as QueryIR
+
+  const cloned: QueryIR = {
+    ...query,
+  }
+  clones.set(query, cloned)
+
+  cloned.from = cloneFromForPlacement(query.from, clones)
+  cloned.join = query.join?.map((join) => ({
+    ...join,
+    from: cloneSourceForPlacement(join.from, clones),
+  }))
+  cloned.select = query.select
+    ? cloneSelectForPlacement(query.select, clones)
+    : undefined
+  return cloned
+}
+
+function cloneFromForPlacement(
+  from: From,
+  clones: WeakMap<object, object>,
+): From {
+  if (from.type === `unionFrom`) {
+    return new UnionFrom(
+      from.sources.map((source) => cloneSourceForPlacement(source, clones)),
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (from.type === `unionAll`) {
+    return new UnionAll(from.queries.map((query) => cloneQuery(query, clones)))
+  }
+
+  return cloneSourceForPlacement(from, clones)
+}
+
+function cloneSourceForPlacement(
+  source: CollectionRef | QueryRef,
+  clones: WeakMap<object, object>,
+): CollectionRef | QueryRef {
+  if (source.type === `collectionRef`) {
+    return new CollectionRef(source.collection, source.alias)
+  }
+
+  return new QueryRef(cloneQuery(source.query, clones), source.alias)
+}
+
+function cloneSelectForPlacement(
+  select: Select,
+  clones: WeakMap<object, object>,
+): Select {
+  const existing = clones.get(select)
+  if (existing) return existing as Select
+
+  const cloned: Select = {}
+  clones.set(select, cloned)
+  for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(select)) {
+    cloned[field] = cloneSelectValueForPlacement(value, clones)
+  }
+  return cloned
+}
+
+function cloneSelectValueForPlacement(
+  value: unknown,
+  clones: WeakMap<object, object>,
+): SelectValueExpression {
+  if (value instanceof IncludesSubquery) {
+    const existing = clones.get(value)
+    if (existing) return existing as IncludesSubquery
+
+    const cloned = new IncludesSubquery(
+      cloneQuery(value.query, clones),
+      value.correlationField,
+      value.childCorrelationField,
+      value.fieldName,
+      value.parentFilters,
+      value.parentProjection,
+      value.materialization,
+      value.scalarField,
+    )
+    clones.set(value, cloned)
+    return cloned
+  }
+
+  if (value instanceof ConditionalSelect) {
+    const existing = clones.get(value)
+    if (existing) return existing as ConditionalSelect
+
+    const cloned = new ConditionalSelect(
+      value.branches.map((branch) => ({
+        ...branch,
+        value: cloneSelectValueForPlacement(branch.value, clones),
+      })),
+      value.defaultValue !== undefined
+        ? cloneSelectValueForPlacement(value.defaultValue, clones)
+        : undefined,
+    )
+    clones.set(value, cloned)
+    return cloned
+  }
+
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== `object` || Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value as SelectValueExpression
+  }
+
+  if ((value as { __refProxy?: boolean }).__refProxy === true) {
+    return value as SelectValueExpression
+  }
+
+  return isExpressionLike(value)
+    ? (value as SelectValueExpression)
+    : cloneSelectForPlacement(value as Select, clones)
+}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/query/builder/index.ts b/packages/db/src/query/builder/index.ts
index c1097f9e9..f8ebb94f3 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/query/builder/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/query/builder/index.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   SubQueryMustHaveFromClauseError,
 } from '../../errors.js'
 import { getQueryIR } from './query-ir.js'
+import { cloneQueryForPlacement } from './clone-query.js'
 import {
   createRefProxy,
   createRefProxyWithSelected,
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ export class BaseQueryBuilder<TContext extends Context = Context> {
         }
         ref = new CollectionRef(this.resolveCollection(sourceValue), alias)
       } else if (sourceValue instanceof BaseQueryBuilder) {
-        const subQuery = sourceValue._getQuery()
+        const subQuery = cloneQueryForPlacement(sourceValue._getQuery())
         if (!(subQuery as Partial<QueryIR>).from) {
           throw new SubQueryMustHaveFromClauseError(context)
         }
@@ -1370,7 +1371,7 @@ function buildIncludesSubquery(
   parentAliases: Array<string>,
   materialization: IncludesMaterialization,
 ): IncludesSubquery {
-  const childQuery = childBuilder._getQuery()
+  const childQuery = cloneQueryForPlacement(childBuilder._getQuery())
 
   // Collect child's own aliases
   const childAliases = collectQueryAliases(childQuery)
diff --git a/packages/db/tests/query/join-subquery.test.ts b/packages/db/tests/query/join-subquery.test.ts
index a563f36d4..b2b1825f2 100644
--- a/packages/db/tests/query/join-subquery.test.ts
+++ b/packages/db/tests/query/join-subquery.test.ts
@@ -980,6 +980,54 @@ function createJoinSubqueryTests(autoIndex: `off` | `eager`): void {
         })
       })
     })
+
+    describe(`reused subquery builders`, () => {
+      let usersCollection: ReturnType<typeof createUsersCollection>
+
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        usersCollection = createUsersCollection(autoIndex)
+      })
+
+      const cases = [
+        { shared: true, filterRight: false, expected: [1, 2, 4] },
+        { shared: true, filterRight: true, expected: [2] },
+        { shared: false, filterRight: false, expected: [1, 2, 4] },
+        { shared: false, filterRight: true, expected: [2] },
+      ] as const
+
+      for (const { shared, filterRight, expected } of cases) {
+        test(`${shared ? `shared` : `separate`} builders with${
+          filterRight ? `` : `out`
+        } a right-side predicate`, () => {
+          const joinQuery = createLiveQueryCollection({
+            startSync: true,
+            query: (q) => {
+              const activeUsers = () =>
+                q
+                  .from({ user: usersCollection })
+                  .where(({ user }) => eq(user.status, `active`))
+              const left = activeUsers()
+              const right = shared ? left : activeUsers()
+              let query = q
+                .from({ leftUser: left })
+                .innerJoin({ rightUser: right }, ({ leftUser, rightUser }) =>
+                  eq(leftUser.id, rightUser.id),
+                )
+
+              if (filterRight) {
+                query = query.where(({ rightUser }) =>
+                  eq(rightUser.name, `Bob`),
+                )
+              }
+
+              return query.select(({ leftUser }) => ({ id: leftUser.id }))
+            },
+          })
+
+          expect(joinQuery.toArray.map((row) => row.id)).toEqual(expected)
+        })
+      }
+    })
   })
 }