Objects_Classes_Inheritance/Objects_Classes_Inheritance.py at master · RyanrjshCS/Objects_Classes_Inheritance · GitHub

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# Object Oriented Programming

# Objects, Attributes and Methods
# Objects are like real world nouns(people,places and things), instances of classes
# Objects can be equal in value but have different refferences(names)
# Attributes are the descriptions for the objects(colour and shape)
# Methods are the actions the object can perform


# Classes
# Class - Defines the attributes and methods of an object, acts as the blueprint for everything in it
# __init__ method is a Python constructor method for initialising an object after it has been created
# self paramater is a convenient way to access and modify an object within a method

class Jeans:
    def __init__(self,waist,length,colour):# Constructor method defining the attributes of the jeans class
        self.waist = waist # initialising objects with attributes
        self.length = length # attribute length with parameter length
        self.colour = colour #  attribute colour with parameter colour
        self.wearing = False # jeans won't always start already being worn so by default its set to false

    def put_on(self): # method to put on jeans
        print(f"Putting on {self.waist}x{self.length} {self.colour} jeans")
        self.wearing = True

    def take_off(self): # method to take off jeans
      print(f"Taking off {self.waist}x{self.length} {self.colour} jeans")
      self.wearing = False

my_jeans = Jeans(31,32,"Blue") # Creates an object of the jeans class and assigns to the variable my_jeans
my_jeans.put_on() # Calls the put_on() method for the my_jeans object
my_jeans.take_off() # Calls the take_off() method for the my_jeans object

print()

my_jeans2 = Jeans(32,34,"Black") # Creates a second object of the jeans class and assigns it to the variable my_jeans2
my_jeans2.put_on() # Calls the put_on() method for the my_jeans2 object
my_jeans2.take_off() # Calls the take_off() method for the my_jeans2 object

print()

my_old_jeans = my_jeans
print(id(my_jeans)) # prints the id for my_jeans object
print(id(my_jeans2)) # slighly different id as it is a different instance of the jeans class
print(id(my_old_jeans)) # same id as my_jeans as it is the same object but with a different name

print()
print("----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------")
print()

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Inheritance allows a new class (subclass) to inherit attributes and methods from an exisiting, generic class(parent class)
# Inheritance allows code reuse and specilisation
# Overriding is when a subclass/child class provides its own version of a method that replaces the one inherited from the parent/generic class

class Vehicle: # Parent Class
    def __init__(self,colour,manufacturer):
        self.colour = colour
        self.manufacturer = manufacturer
        self.fuel = 4 # full tank of fuel

    def drive(self):
        if self.fuel > 0:
            self.fuel - 1
            print(f"The {self.colour} {self.manufacturer} goes vroom")
        else:
            print(f"The {self.colour} {self.manufacturer} is out of fuel")

class Car(Vehicle): # Car inherits the Vehicle class and has its own attributes
    def radio(self): # turn on the radio
        print("Rockin tunes!")

    def window(self): # Opens the window
        print("Fresh air!")

class Motorcycle(Vehicle): # Inherits vehicle class but does not get any attributes as a motorcycle wont need a radio or window
    def helmet(self): # put helemt on
        print("Helmet on")

class ElectricCar(Car):
    def drive(self): # overides the drive method of car
        print(f"The {self.colour} {self.manufacturer} goes hsssss")

my_car = Car('red','Toyota')
my_car.drive() # can do everything in the vehicle class too
my_car.window()
my_car.radio()
print()
my_bike = Motorcycle('black','Yamaha')
my_bike.drive()
my_bike.helmet() # The only method unique to Motorcycle class
print()
my_electric_car = ElectricCar('white','Tesla')
my_electric_car.drive() # Different drive to car
my_electric_car.radio() # Inherited from Car
my_electric_car.window()# Inherited from Car