From 2b2bd3a0bea059db7a3442458c66cb1540635331 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 11:06:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] update electricity transmission and offshore connection costs --- docs/release_notes.rst | 3 + inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv | 8 +-- inputs/manual_input.csv | 146 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- outputs/costs_2020.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2025.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2030.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2035.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2040.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2045.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- outputs/costs_2050.csv | 72 +++++++++++++------- 10 files changed, 468 insertions(+), 193 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index ce100b4d..3059082b 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ Upcoming Release .. The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! .. To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch. +* Update electricity transmission and offshore wind connection costs based on latest DEA data (https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, July 2025). + Align unit costs of offshore wind connection and general transmission. For offshore wind connections, include missing FOM. + * Update fossil fuel (gas, oil, lignite) and nuclear fuel (nuclear, uranium) costs based on TYNDP 2024 scenarios data. * Adding `grey methanol synthesis`. diff --git a/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv b/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv index c226ac4c..7fdc4d50 100644 --- a/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv +++ b/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv @@ -189,10 +189,4 @@ electricity grid connection,2030,FOM,2,%/year,TODO decentral oil boiler,2030,investment,156.0140915953699,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung) decentral oil boiler,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) decentral oil boiler,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) -decentral oil boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) -offwind-ac-station,2030,investment,250,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2685,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-underground,2030,investment,1342,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-dc-station,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf -offwind-dc-connection-underground,2030,investment,1000,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction \ No newline at end of file +decentral oil boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index de69ac11..c49112ee 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -39,21 +39,62 @@ CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,2020,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,2015,"Danish Ene CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,2040,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,2020,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers." CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,2040,20,years,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,- CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,2040,1.7,%/year,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,- -HVAC overhead,investment,2030,400,EUR/MW/km,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVAC overhead,lifetime,2030,40,years,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVAC overhead,FOM,2030,2,%/year,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC overhead,investment,2030,400,EUR/MW/km,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC overhead,lifetime,2030,40,years,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC overhead,FOM,2030,2,%/year,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC submarine,investment,2030,970,EUR/MW/km,2017,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 -HVDC submarine,FOM,2030,0.35,%/year,2018,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables." -HVDC submarine,lifetime,2030,40,years,2018,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables." -HVDC underground,investment,2030,970,EUR/MW/km,2017,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine) -HVDC underground,FOM,2030,0.35,%/year,2018,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)" -HVDC underground,lifetime,2030,40,years,2018,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,2030,150000,EUR/MW,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,2030,40,years,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2030,2,%/year,2011,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVAC overhead,investment,2025,750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,investment,2030,750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,investment,2035,720,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,investment,2040,680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,investment,2045,650,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,investment,2050,620,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,FOM,2025,1.5,%,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC overhead,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2025,600,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2030,600,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2035,580,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2040,550,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2045,530,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,investment,2050,500,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVDC overhead,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.", +HVAC underground,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVAC submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2025,640,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2030,640,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2035,600,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2040,580,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2045,560,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,investment,2050,540,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,2030,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2011,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..", CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,2002,112.64,EUR/MW/km,2014,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1)." CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",- CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",- @@ -330,9 +371,78 @@ offwind-float,investment,2040,1960,EUR/kWel,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adape offwind-float,FOM,2040,1.22,%/year,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067, offwind-float,investment,2050,1580,EUR/kWel,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067, offwind-float,FOM,2050,1.39,%/year,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067, -offwind-float-station,investment,2030,400,EUR/kWel,2017,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2030,2000,EUR/MW/km,2014,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2030,1000,EUR/MW/km,2017,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction +offwind-ac-station,investment,2025,850,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,investment,2030,850,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,investment,2035,820,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,investment,2040,780,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,investment,2045,750,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,investment,2050,710,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-ac-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2025,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2030,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2035,1020,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2040,980,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2045,940,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,investment,2050,900,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-dc-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2025,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2030,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2035,1020,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2040,980,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2045,940,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,investment,2050,900,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.", +offwind-float-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-float-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.", nuclear,investment,2020,10275,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ." nuclear,FOM,2020,1.27,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs." nuclear,VOM,2020,4.24,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ." diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index 87fb3a6e..21e18b6f 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 716ec4da..da05698c 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1769.1171,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 4e60b6b9..d5bb25ec 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1682.1226,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index bea469df..37880629 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,572.9893,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,477.4911,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,461.5747,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1622.2443,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,652.5712,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,811.7349,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.185,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,2155.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,811.7349,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index daa8edb9..6d08cdd4 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,541.1566,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,461.5747,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,437.7002,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1562.3661,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,620.7384,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,779.9021,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.22,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,1960.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,779.9021,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index c42bafaa..3bd78cca 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,517.282,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,445.6584,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,421.7838,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1543.1486,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,596.8639,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,748.0694,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.305,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,1770.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,748.0694,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 9784cafa..905c00db 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -351,21 +351,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,investment,493.4075,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0 +HVDC inverter pair,investment,429.742,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,investment,397.9092,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0 @@ -1140,18 +1146,36 @@ offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_a offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 offwind,investment,1523.9311,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,investment,565.0311,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,investment,716.2366,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 offwind-float,FOM,1.39,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,investment,1580.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,investment,716.2366,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0 +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0 oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 From 4589f24451cf6a69babb7905139253399dd5d252 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 11:35:20 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] update output files --- outputs/US/costs_2020.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2025.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2030.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2035.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2040.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2045.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- outputs/US/costs_2050.csv | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- 7 files changed, 336 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index b611eb56..db219166 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -1033,21 +1033,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4189,18 +4195,36 @@ offwind,investment,3456.1638,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,3944.0591,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,investment,3628.1926,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 31732868..72eaec73 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4259,18 +4265,36 @@ offwind,investment,4145.9795,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,5134.5642,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,6637.7872,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index 5b8f7a86..3f7a8177 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,596.8639,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,509.3238,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,477.4911,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4451,18 +4457,36 @@ offwind,investment,2837.4509,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,3887.8357,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,6065.2264,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3589.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,676.4457,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2562.5355,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3238.9813,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,851.5258,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index 5e7dc3f9..f4bdcd5c 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,572.9893,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,477.4911,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,461.5747,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4475,18 +4481,36 @@ offwind,investment,2555.9439,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,3001.301,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3547.6062,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3437.9359,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,652.5712,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,811.7349,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.185,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,2155.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2459.0791,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,3111.6503,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,811.7349,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index a78708df..d8cc31c8 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,541.1566,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,461.5747,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,437.7002,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4475,18 +4481,36 @@ offwind,investment,2432.3817,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,2888.1607,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3452.6022,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3286.7304,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,620.7384,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,779.9021,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.22,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,1960.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2347.6646,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2976.3612,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,779.9021,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index 2f492201..e9c22625 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,517.282,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,445.6584,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,421.7838,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4475,18 +4481,36 @@ offwind,investment,2340.7717,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,2803.4441,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3380.749,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3135.5249,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,596.8639,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,748.0694,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.305,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,1770.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2244.2082,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2841.072,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,748.0694,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index 40bbe8e7..2a531450 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -1069,21 +1069,27 @@ H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,,, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0,, -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0,, -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0,, -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0,, +HVAC overhead,FOM,1.5,%,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,investment,493.4075,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVAC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",,2011.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,investment,429.742,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,investment,397.9092,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0,, Haber-Bosch,efficiency-heat,0.146,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: High value heat Output + District Heating Output,",2015.0,, @@ -4475,18 +4481,36 @@ offwind,investment,2268.5397,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?b offwind,investment,2736.1217,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Moderate offwind,investment,3323.1934,USD/kW,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Conservative offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2984.3194,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,investment,565.0311,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-ac-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,investment,716.2366,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-dc-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, offwind-float,FOM,1.39,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,investment,1580.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0,, offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0,, -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0,, -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2132.7936,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2705.7829,EUR/MW/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,investment,716.2366,EUR/kWel,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",,2025.0,, +offwind-float-station,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",,2025.0,, oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,,,, oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0,,