diff --git a/Jenkinsfile b/Jenkinsfile
index f5d114f84..daa32bda4 100644
--- a/Jenkinsfile
+++ b/Jenkinsfile
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ pipeline {
     HE_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/09-24-25-0'
     HY_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/03-12-24-0'
     MR_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/03-12-24-1'
+    HI_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/09-21-26-0'
     JA_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/07-17-26-0'
     KO_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/09-15-26-0'
-    HI_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/09-15-26-0'
     DEFAULT_TN_CACHE='/home/jenkins/TestData/text_norm/ci/grammars/06-08-23-0'
   }
   stages {
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/common_words.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/common_words.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8dcb1c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/common_words.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Users	यूज़र्स
+User	यूज़र
+Desktop	डेस्कटॉप
+Downloads	डाउनलोड्स
+Documents	डॉक्युमेंट्स
+Music	म्यूज़िक
+Pictures	पिक्चर्स
+Videos	वीडियोज़
+Audio	ऑडियो
+file	फ़ाइल
+files	फाइल्स
+chapter	चैप्टर
+python	पाइथन
+work	वर्क
+about	अबाउट
+index	इंडेक्स
+tags	टैग्स
+app	ऐप
+wiki	विकी
+docs	डॉक्स
+master	मास्टर
+config	कॉन्फ़िग
+email	ई मेल
+apache	अपाची
+kernel	कर्नल
+bin	बिन
+var	वार
+home	होम
+backups	बैकअप्स
+temp	टेम्प
+data	डेटा
+survey	सर्वे
+ward	वार्ड
+templates	टेम्पलेट्स
+impress	इंप्रेस
+office	ऑफिस
+libreoffice	लिब्रे ऑफिस
+and	एंड
+LICENSE	लाइसेंस
+venv	वेन्व
+blog	ब्लॉग
+blogs	ब्लॉग्स
+login	लॉगिन
+register	रजिस्टर
+search	सर्च
+category	केटेगरी
+categories	केटेगरीज़
+post	पोस्ट
+posts	पोस्ट्स
+faq	एफ ए क्यू
+terms	टर्म्स
+privacy	प्राइवेसी
+main	मेन
+explore	एक्सप्लोर
+photos	फ़ोटोज़
+images	इमेजेज़
+web	वेब
+online	ऑनलाइन
+courses	कोर्सेज़
+learn	लर्न
+learning	लर्निंग
+university	यूनिवर्सिटी
+academy	अकेडमी
+domain	डोमेन
+domains	डोमेन्स
+analysis	अनैलिसिस
+maps	मैप्स
+services	सर्विसेज़
+sites	साइट्स
+activate	एक्टिवेट
+available	अवेलेबल
+enabled	इनेबल्ड
+secure	सेक्योर
+school	स्कूल
+homepage	होमपेज
+content	कंटेन्ट
+default	डिफ़ॉल्ट
+list	लिस्ट
+tag	टैग
+laptop	लैपटॉप
+phone	फोन
+play	प्ले
+world	वर्ल्ड
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/domain.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/domain.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e20dd96e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/domain.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+com	कॉम
+org	ऑर्ग
+net	नेट
+edu	ई डी यू
+gov	जी ओ वी
+biz	बिज़
+info	इन्फो
+in	इन
+io	आई ओ
+ai	ए आई
+uk	यू के
+us	यू एस
+ac	ए सी
+res	आर ई एस
+nic	एन आई सी
+ernet	ई आर नेट
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/letters.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/letters.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b488dd490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/letters.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+a	ए
+b	बी
+c	सी
+d	डी
+e	ई
+f	एफ
+f	एफ़
+g	जी
+h	एच
+i	आई
+i	आइ
+j	जे
+k	के
+l	एल
+m	एम
+n	एन
+o	ओ
+p	पी
+q	क्यू
+r	आर
+s	एस
+t	टी
+u	यू
+v	वी
+w	डब्ल्यू
+x	एक्स
+y	वाई
+z	ज़ेड
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/server_name.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/server_name.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39f164ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/server_name.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+gmail	जीमेल
+yahoo	याहू
+hotmail	हॉटमेल
+outlook	आउटलुक
+google	गूगल
+blogger	ब्लॉगर
+live	लाइव
+microsoft	माइक्रोसॉफ्ट
+facebook	फ़ेसबुक
+twitter	ट्विटर
+instagram	इंस्टाग्राम
+linkedin	लिंक्डइन
+youtube	यूट्यूब
+amazon	अमेज़ोन
+wikipedia	विकिपीडिया
+github	गिटहब
+reddit	रेडिट
+netflix	नेटफ्लिक्स
+spotify	स्पॉटिफाई
+apple	एप्पल
+samsung	सैमसंग
+nvidia	एनविडिया
+intel	इंटेल
+adobe	अडोब
+wordpress	वर्डप्रेस
+mozilla	मॉज़िला
+ebay	ई बे
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/symbols.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/symbols.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2d15e04c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/electronic/symbols.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+backslash	बैकवर्ड स्लैश	\\
+forwardslash	फॉरवर्ड स्लैश	/
+dot	डॉट	.
+dot	DOT	.
+point	प्वाइंट	.
+hyphen	हाइफ़न	-
+hyphen	हाइफन	-
+underscore	अंडर स्कोर	_
+at	एट
+x	एक्स	x
+space	स्पेस	<space>
+openbracket	ओपन ब्रेकेट	(
+closebracket	क्लोज़ ब्रेकेट	)
+dollar	डॉलर	$
+and	एंड	and
+www	डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू	www
+v	वी	v
+tilde	टिल्ड
+tilde	~
+hashtag	हैशटैग	#
+colon	कोलन	:
+https	एच टी टी पी एस कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश	https://
+http	एच टी टी पी कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश	http://
+litslash	/	/
+lithyphen	-	-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/equal_symbols.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/equal_symbols.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..367cee658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/equal_symbols.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+इज़ इक्वल टू	=
+बराबर होता है	=
+इक्वल टू	=
+बराबर है	=
+इक्वल्स	=
+बराबर	=
+इक्वल	=
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/math_symbols.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/math_symbols.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83f474f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/measure/math_symbols.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+प्लस	+
+जमा	+
+जोड़	+
+माइनस	-
+घटा	-
+डिवाइडेड	/
+भाग	/
+मल्टीप्लाइड	×
+गुणा	×
+गुना	×
+इनटू	×
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fc25d0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/key_words.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/key_words.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..208c2375c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/key_words.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+अध्याय
+खंड
+खण्ड
+कक्षा
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/roman_numerals.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/roman_numerals.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f443fd3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/roman/roman_numerals.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+I	1
+V	5
+X	10
+L	50
+C	100
+D	500
+M	1000
+IV	4
+IX	9
+XL	40
+XC	90
+CD	400
+CM	900
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/__init__.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9bd9f96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+टु द पावर	^
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power_special.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power_special.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d612417a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/serial/power_special.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+स्क्वेर्ड	^2
+क्यूब	^3
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/telephone/extension.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/telephone/extension.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4db2e5ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/telephone/extension.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+एक्सटेंशन	ext.
+एक्स्टेंशन	ext.
+एक्सटेंशन नंबर	ext.
+एक्स्टेंशन नंबर	ext.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/time/time_zone.tsv b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/time/time_zone.tsv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..993bfdc94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/data/time/time_zone.tsv
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+IST	आई एस टी
+IST	भारतीय मानक समय
+IST	भारतीय समयानुसार
+GMT	जी एम टी
+UTC	यू टी सी
+PST	पी एस टी
+EST	ई एस टी
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/graph_utils.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/graph_utils.py
index b002efa52..70364611c 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/graph_utils.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/graph_utils.py
@@ -34,6 +34,21 @@
 NEMO_HI_DIGIT = pynini.union("०", "१", "२", "३", "४", "५", "६", "७", "८", "९").optimize()
 DEVANAGARI_DIGIT = ["०", "१", "२", "३", "४", "५", "६", "७", "८", "९"]
 
+DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII = pynini.union(
+    *[pynini.cross(glyph, str(value)) for value, glyph in enumerate(DEVANAGARI_DIGIT)]
+).optimize()
+DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI = (
+    pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit.tsv")).invert()
+    | pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/zero.tsv")).invert()
+).optimize()
+
+# Devanagari characters (consonants, vowels, matras, signs) excluding the digits
+# (0x0966-0x096F). Shared so classes like serial and electronic can reuse it.
+DEVANAGARI_LETTER = pynini.union(
+    *[chr(c) for c in range(0x0900, 0x0966)],
+    *[chr(c) for c in range(0x0970, 0x0980)],
+).optimize()
+
 NEMO_HEX = pynini.union(*string.hexdigits).optimize()
 NEMO_NON_BREAKING_SPACE = u"\u00a0"
 NEMO_ZWNJ = u"\u200c"
@@ -83,6 +98,34 @@ def generator_main(file_name: str, graphs: Dict[str, 'pynini.FstLike']):
     logging.info(f'Created {file_name}')
 
 
+def load_symbols(path):
+    """
+    Builds a dict mapping a symbol name to an FST that deletes a spoken Hindi
+    phrase and inserts its written form. TSV columns: name, spoken phrase, output
+    (optional). Rows sharing a name are unioned; "<space>" in the output inserts a
+    space.
+    """
+    table = {}
+    with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.rstrip("\r\n")
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+                continue
+            cols = line.split("\t")
+            name = cols[0]
+            words = cols[1].split(" ")
+            out = cols[2] if len(cols) > 2 else ""
+            if out == "<space>":
+                out = " "
+            fst = pynutil.delete(words[0])
+            for word in words[1:]:
+                fst += delete_space + pynutil.delete(word)
+            if out:
+                fst += pynutil.insert(out)
+            table[name] = (table[name] | fst) if name in table else fst
+    return table
+
+
 def convert_space(fst) -> 'pynini.FstLike':
     """
     Converts space to nonbreaking space.
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/electronic.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/electronic.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c177c3735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/electronic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII,
+    DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI,
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+    load_symbols,
+)
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.utils import get_abs_path
+from nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.en.graph_utils import NEMO_ALPHA, TO_LOWER, TO_UPPER
+
+
+class ElectronicFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for classifying electronic expressions in Hindi
+    inverse text normalization: converts spoken Hindi words into written
+    electronic forms such as email addresses, URLs, file paths, and domains.
+
+        e-mail:
+        e.g. कुमार एट जीमेल डॉट कॉम
+             -> tokens { electronic { username: "kumar" domain: "gmail.com" } }
+        URL:
+        e.g. एच टी टी पी एस कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश गूगल डॉट कॉम
+             -> tokens { electronic { domain: "https://google.com" } }
+        file path (Windows):
+        e.g. सी कोलन बैकवर्ड स्लैश यूजर्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एच पी बैकवर्ड स्लैश डेस्कटॉप
+             -> tokens { electronic { path: "C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop" } }
+        file path (Unix/Linux):
+        e.g. फॉरवर्ड स्लैश होम फॉरवर्ड स्लैश यूजर फॉरवर्ड स्लैश डॉक्युमेंट्स
+             -> tokens { electronic { path: "/home/user/documents" } }
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="electronic", kind="classify")
+
+        def seq(atom):
+            return atom + pynini.closure(delete_space + atom)
+
+        digit_glyphs = DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII
+        digit_words = (DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI @ digit_glyphs).optimize()
+        digit_seq = (digit_glyphs + pynini.closure(digit_glyphs)) | seq(digit_words)
+
+        letter_map_lower = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/electronic/letters.tsv")).invert()
+        domain_map = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/electronic/domain.tsv")).invert()
+        server_map = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/electronic/server_name.tsv")).invert()
+        common_map = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/electronic/common_words.tsv")).invert()
+
+        sym = load_symbols(get_abs_path("data/electronic/symbols.tsv"))
+        spaced = {name: delete_space + fst + delete_space for name, fst in sym.items()}
+
+        letter_map_upper = (letter_map_lower @ TO_UPPER).optimize()
+
+        to_lower = pynini.closure(TO_LOWER | pynini.project(TO_LOWER, "output"))
+        common_map_lower = (common_map @ to_lower).optimize()
+
+        latin_run = pynini.closure(NEMO_ALPHA, 1)
+        latin_run_lower = (latin_run @ to_lower).optimize()
+
+        single_token = server_map | common_map | letter_map_lower
+        token_seq = seq(single_token)
+
+        path_atom = common_map | server_map | digit_words | digit_glyphs | latin_run | letter_map_upper
+        path_atom_lower = (
+            common_map_lower | server_map | digit_words | digit_glyphs | latin_run_lower | letter_map_lower
+        )
+        unix_path_atom = sym["and"] | path_atom_lower
+
+        file_ext = (
+            spaced["dot"]
+            + seq(path_atom_lower)
+            + pynini.closure((spaced["dot"] | spaced["hyphen"]) + seq(path_atom_lower))
+        )
+
+        path_sep_seg = (spaced["hyphen"] | spaced["underscore"]) + seq(path_atom)
+        path_segment = (
+            path_atom
+            + pynini.closure(
+                (delete_space + path_atom)
+                | path_sep_seg
+                | spaced["space"]
+                | spaced["openbracket"]
+                | spaced["closebracket"]
+            )
+            + pynini.closure(file_ext, 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        unix_sep_seg = (spaced["hyphen"] | spaced["underscore"]) + seq(unix_path_atom)
+        version_seg = sym["v"] + unix_path_atom + pynini.closure(spaced["dot"] + seq(unix_path_atom))
+        dollar_var = spaced["dollar"] + seq(unix_path_atom)
+        unix_segment = (
+            (version_seg | dollar_var | unix_path_atom)
+            + pynini.closure((delete_space + unix_path_atom) | unix_sep_seg)
+            + pynini.closure(file_ext, 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        lit_seg = (
+            unix_path_atom
+            + pynini.closure((delete_space + unix_path_atom) | unix_sep_seg | spaced["lithyphen"])
+            + pynini.closure(file_ext, 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        def path_graph(prefix, segment, separator):
+            return (
+                pynutil.insert("path: \"")
+                + prefix
+                + segment
+                + pynini.closure(separator + segment)
+                + pynini.closure(separator, 0, 1)
+                + pynutil.insert("\"")
+            )
+
+        windows_path_fst = path_graph(
+            letter_map_upper + delete_space + sym["colon"] + spaced["backslash"], path_segment, spaced["backslash"]
+        )
+        unc_path_fst = path_graph(spaced["backslash"], path_segment, spaced["backslash"])
+        unix_abs_path_fst = path_graph(spaced["forwardslash"], unix_segment, spaced["forwardslash"])
+        tilde_path_fst = path_graph(sym["tilde"] + spaced["forwardslash"], unix_segment, spaced["forwardslash"])
+        unix_rel_path_fst = path_graph(unix_segment + spaced["forwardslash"], unix_segment, spaced["forwardslash"])
+        literal_rel_path_fst = path_graph(lit_seg + spaced["litslash"], lit_seg, spaced["litslash"])
+
+        domain_single = server_map | common_map_lower | letter_map_lower
+        domain_token_seq = seq(domain_single)
+
+        domain_label = (digit_seq + pynini.closure(delete_space + letter_map_lower)) | domain_token_seq
+        domain_body = domain_label + pynini.closure(spaced["hyphen"] + domain_label)
+        compound_tld = domain_map + pynini.closure(spaced["dot"] + domain_map, 0, 2)
+        full_domain = pynini.closure(domain_body + spaced["dot"], 0, 4) + domain_body + spaced["dot"] + compound_tld
+        full_domain_bare = pynini.closure(domain_body + spaced["dot"], 0, 4) + domain_body
+
+        uname_atom = sym["and"] | letter_map_lower | digit_words | digit_glyphs | server_map | common_map
+        uname_sep = spaced["dot"] | spaced["hyphen"] | spaced["underscore"]
+        username = uname_atom + pynini.closure((uname_sep + uname_atom) | (delete_space + uname_atom))
+        email_fst = (
+            pynutil.insert("username: \"")
+            + username
+            + pynutil.insert("\"")
+            + spaced["at"]
+            + pynutil.insert("domain: \"")
+            + domain_body
+            + spaced["dot"]
+            + compound_tld
+            + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        )
+
+        path_atom_url = (
+            (digit_seq + spaced["x"] + digit_seq)
+            | (digit_seq + delete_space + letter_map_lower + delete_space + digit_seq)
+            | digit_seq
+            | token_seq
+        )
+
+        inline_domain_seg = (
+            pynini.closure(token_seq + spaced["dot"], 0, 2)
+            + token_seq
+            + spaced["dot"]
+            + domain_map
+            + pynini.closure(spaced["dot"] + domain_map, 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        path_segment_url = (
+            path_atom_url
+            + pynini.closure(spaced["hyphen"] + (digit_seq | token_seq))
+            + pynini.closure(spaced["underscore"] + token_seq)
+            + pynini.closure(spaced["dot"] + token_seq, 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        url_seg = (spaced["dot"] + token_seq) | inline_domain_seg | path_segment_url
+        www_as_path_seg = sym["www"] + spaced["dot"] + full_domain + pynini.closure(spaced["forwardslash"] + url_seg)
+        slash_with_word = spaced["forwardslash"] + (url_seg | www_as_path_seg)
+
+        hash_frag = spaced["hashtag"] + token_seq + pynini.closure(spaced["hyphen"] + token_seq)
+
+        url_tail = (
+            pynini.closure(slash_with_word)
+            + pynini.closure(spaced["forwardslash"], 0, 1)
+            + pynini.closure(hash_frag, 0, 1)
+        )
+        domain_and_path = full_domain + url_tail
+        domain_and_path_bare = full_domain_bare + url_tail
+
+        protocol_prefix = (
+            (sym["https"] | sym["http"]) + delete_space + pynini.closure(sym["www"] + spaced["dot"], 0, 1)
+        )
+
+        url_fst = pynutil.insert("domain: \"") + protocol_prefix + domain_and_path + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        url_fst_bare = pynutil.insert("domain: \"") + protocol_prefix + domain_and_path_bare + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        www_fst = pynutil.insert("domain: \"") + sym["www"] + spaced["dot"] + domain_and_path + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        www_fst_bare = (
+            pynutil.insert("domain: \"") + sym["www"] + spaced["dot"] + domain_and_path_bare + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        )
+        plain_fst = pynutil.insert("domain: \"") + domain_and_path + pynutil.insert("\"")
+
+        graph = (
+            email_fst
+            | windows_path_fst
+            | unc_path_fst
+            | url_fst
+            | www_fst
+            | url_fst_bare
+            | www_fst_bare
+            | unix_abs_path_fst
+            | tilde_path_fst
+            | unix_rel_path_fst
+            | literal_rel_path_fst
+            | plain_fst
+        )
+
+        self.fst = self.add_tokens(graph).optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/measure.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/measure.py
index 59227a436..ba00f64cd 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/measure.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/measure.py
@@ -54,6 +54,26 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst, decimal: GraphFst):
         measurements_graph = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/measure/measurements.tsv")).invert()
         paune_graph = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/paune.tsv")).invert()
 
+        math_symbols = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/measure/math_symbols.tsv"))
+        equal_symbol = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/measure/equal_symbols.tsv"))
+
+        # An operand may be a decimal; without this the math path matches a span
+        # starting mid decimal and leaks "दशमलव" through as a literal word.
+        math_number = cardinal_graph + pynini.closure(
+            delete_space + pynini.cross("दशमलव", ".") + delete_space + decimal.graph, 0, 1
+        )
+        math_operator = delete_space + math_symbols + delete_space + math_number
+        math_long_side = math_number + pynini.closure(math_operator, 1)
+        math_short_side = math_number + pynini.closure(math_operator)
+        math_operation = math_long_side + delete_space + equal_symbol + delete_space + math_short_side
+        math_operation |= math_short_side + delete_space + equal_symbol + delete_space + math_long_side
+        math_graph = (
+            pynutil.insert('units: "math" cardinal { integer: "')
+            + math_operation
+            + pynutil.insert('" } preserve_order: true')
+        )
+        math_graph = pynutil.add_weight(math_graph, 1.05).optimize()
+
         self.measurements = pynutil.insert("units: \"") + measurements_graph + pynutil.insert("\" ")
         graph_integer = pynutil.insert("integer_part: \"") + cardinal_graph + pynutil.insert("\"")
         graph_integer_paune = pynutil.insert("integer_part: \"") + paune_graph + pynutil.insert("\"")
@@ -247,6 +267,7 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst, decimal: GraphFst):
             | graph_exception_bai
             | address_graph
             | structured_address_graph
+            | math_graph
         )
         self.graph = graph.optimize()
 
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/roman.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/roman.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84db6da44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/roman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+    insert_space,
+    integer_to_devanagari,
+)
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.utils import get_abs_path, load_labels
+
+
+class RomanFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for classifying spoken numbers as Roman numerals
+    when they follow a small, fixed set of context key words (chapter, volume,
+    class numbering). The conversion is deliberately restricted to these
+    predictable contexts; regnal, papal and product names (e.g. भास्कर-II) are a
+    documented limitation because the same number is ambiguous between Arabic and
+    Roman form. Numbers above MAX_NUMBER have no Roman form, so the whole number
+    falls back to Arabic (Devanagari) digits instead of leaving an in-range prefix
+    dangling.
+        e.g. अध्याय तीन -> tokens { roman { key_cardinal: "अध्याय" integer: "III" } }
+        e.g. कक्षा दस -> tokens { roman { key_cardinal: "कक्षा" integer: "X" } }
+        e.g. अध्याय चार हजार -> tokens { roman { key_cardinal: "अध्याय" integer: "४०००" } }
+
+    Args:
+        cardinal: CardinalFst, used to read spoken numbers.
+    """
+
+    MAX_NUMBER = 3999
+
+    def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst):
+        super().__init__(name="roman", kind="classify")
+
+        key_words = [label[0] for label in load_labels(get_abs_path("data/roman/key_words.tsv"))]
+        key_words_fst = pynini.union(*[pynini.accep(word) for word in key_words]).optimize()
+
+        value_to_roman = {
+            int(value): roman for roman, value in load_labels(get_abs_path("data/roman/roman_numerals.tsv"))
+        }
+
+        devanagari_to_roman = pynini.string_map(
+            [
+                (integer_to_devanagari(value), self._int_to_roman(value, value_to_roman))
+                for value in range(1, self.MAX_NUMBER + 1)
+            ]
+        ).optimize()
+
+        number_to_devanagari = cardinal.graph_no_exception
+        in_range_to_roman = pynini.compose(number_to_devanagari, devanagari_to_roman).optimize()
+
+        roman_range_devanagari = pynini.determinize(
+            pynini.project(devanagari_to_roman, "input").rmepsilon()
+        ).optimize()
+        all_devanagari = pynini.project(number_to_devanagari, "output").optimize()
+        above_range_devanagari = pynini.difference(all_devanagari, roman_range_devanagari).optimize()
+        above_range_to_arabic = pynini.compose(number_to_devanagari, above_range_devanagari).optimize()
+
+        spoken_to_roman = pynini.union(in_range_to_roman, above_range_to_arabic).optimize()
+
+        graph = (
+            pynutil.insert('key_cardinal: "')
+            + key_words_fst
+            + pynutil.insert('"')
+            + delete_space
+            + insert_space
+            + pynutil.insert('integer: "')
+            + spoken_to_roman
+            + pynutil.insert('"')
+        )
+        self.fst = self.add_tokens(graph).optimize()
+
+    def _int_to_roman(self, number, value_to_roman):
+        roman = ""
+        for value in sorted(value_to_roman, reverse=True):
+            while number >= value:
+                roman += value_to_roman[value]
+                number -= value
+        return roman
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/serial.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/serial.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a21813a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/serial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    DEVANAGARI_LETTER,
+    DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII,
+    DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI,
+    NEMO_SIGMA,
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+    load_symbols,
+)
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.utils import get_abs_path
+from nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.en.graph_utils import NEMO_ALPHA, NEMO_DIGIT, TO_UPPER
+
+
+class SerialFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for classifying serial strings, whose segments are
+    joined by a hyphen (a literal "-" or the spoken word "हाइफ़न").
+        e.g. कोविड-उन्नीस -> tokens { name: "कोविड-19" }
+        e.g. ब्रह्मोस हाइफ़न १ -> tokens { name: "ब्रह्मोस-1" }
+        e.g. एक-आठ सौ-पाँच सौ पचपन -> tokens { name: "1-800-555" }
+        e.g. दो स्क्वेर्ड -> tokens { name: "2^2" }
+        e.g. आई ए तीन दो -> tokens { name: "IA32" }
+        e.g. जी एस ए टी हाइफ़न एक आठ -> tokens { name: "GSAT-18" }
+
+    Args:
+        cardinal: CardinalFst, used to read spoken numbers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst):
+        super().__init__(name="serial", kind="classify")
+
+        cardinal_to_devanagari = cardinal.graph.optimize()
+
+        devanagari_to_ascii = pynini.cdrewrite(DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII, "", "", NEMO_SIGMA)
+        spoken_number = pynini.compose(cardinal_to_devanagari | DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI, devanagari_to_ascii)
+        devanagari_numeral = pynini.closure(DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII, 1)
+        number = (spoken_number | devanagari_numeral).optimize()
+        number_words = pynini.arcmap(pynini.project(number, "input"), map_type="rmweight").optimize()
+
+        devanagari_word = pynini.closure(DEVANAGARI_LETTER, 1)
+
+        letters = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/electronic/letters.tsv"))
+        letter_names = pynini.project(letters, "output").optimize()
+        word = pynini.difference(devanagari_word, (number_words | letter_names).optimize()).optimize()
+
+        segment = word | number
+
+        sym = load_symbols(get_abs_path("data/electronic/symbols.tsv"))
+        word_hyphen = delete_space + sym["hyphen"] + delete_space
+        delimiter = sym["lithyphen"] | word_hyphen
+        serial_core = segment + pynini.closure(delimiter + segment, 1)
+
+        power_special = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/serial/power_special.tsv"))
+        power_prefix = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/serial/power.tsv"))
+        power_generic = power_prefix + delete_space + number
+        power_suffix = delete_space + (power_special | power_generic)
+        power_graph = number + power_suffix
+
+        digit_words = (DIGIT_WORD_TO_DEVANAGARI @ DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII).optimize()
+        letter_map_upper = (letters.invert() @ TO_UPPER).optimize()
+
+        alnum_token = DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII | digit_words | letter_map_upper
+        alnum_run = alnum_token + pynini.closure(delete_space + alnum_token, 1)
+
+        alnum_hyphen_ext = (
+            delete_space + sym["hyphen"] + delete_space + alnum_token + pynini.closure(delete_space + alnum_token)
+        )
+        alnum_point_ext = (
+            delete_space + sym["point"] + delete_space + alnum_token + pynini.closure(delete_space + alnum_token)
+        )
+        alnum_body = (alnum_run | (alnum_token + alnum_hyphen_ext)) + pynini.closure(
+            alnum_hyphen_ext | alnum_point_ext
+        )
+
+        contains_alpha = NEMO_SIGMA + NEMO_ALPHA + NEMO_SIGMA
+        contains_digit = NEMO_SIGMA + NEMO_DIGIT + NEMO_SIGMA
+        alnum_mix = pynini.intersect(contains_alpha, contains_digit).optimize()
+        alnum_body = (alnum_body @ alnum_mix).optimize()
+
+        graph = pynutil.insert("name: \"") + (serial_core | power_graph | alnum_body) + pynutil.insert("\"")
+        self.fst = graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/telephone.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/telephone.py
index ad584b58b..3e8d717fe 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/telephone.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/telephone.py
@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
 from pynini.lib import pynutil
 
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII,
     NEMO_CHAR,
+    NEMO_HI_DIGIT,
     NEMO_WHITE_SPACE,
     GraphFst,
     delete_space,
+    load_symbols,
 )
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.utils import get_abs_path
 
@@ -33,23 +36,34 @@
 )
 digit = digit_without_shunya | shunya
 
+# Phone numbers are often spoken in two digit groups, e.g. "इक्यासी" for "८१",
+# so a single spoken word can contribute two digits to the number.
+digit_pair = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/teens_and_ties.tsv")).invert()
+digit_unit = digit | digit_pair
 
-def get_context(keywords: list):
-    keywords = pynini.union(*keywords)
 
-    # Load Hindi digits from TSV files
-    hindi_digits = (
-        pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/digit.tsv"))
-        | pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/numbers/zero.tsv"))
-    ).project("output")
+def digit_sequence(length, first=None, allow_pairs=True):
+    """
+    Sequence of spoken number words producing exactly `length` digits.
+
+    A word may contribute one digit ("नौ" -> "९") or two ("इक्यासी" -> "८१"), so the
+    length is constrained on the output side rather than by counting spoken words.
+    `first` optionally restricts the leading digit, e.g. non zero for mobile numbers.
+    `allow_pairs` may be cleared to accept only single digit words.
+    """
+    unit = digit_unit if allow_pairs else digit
+    sequence = pynini.closure(unit + delete_space) + unit
+    if first is None:
+        output = pynini.closure(NEMO_HI_DIGIT, length, length)
+    else:
+        output = first + pynini.closure(NEMO_HI_DIGIT, length - 1, length - 1)
+    return pynini.compose(sequence, output).optimize()
+
 
-    # Load English digits from TSV files
-    english_digits = (
-        pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/telephone/eng_digit.tsv"))
-        | pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/telephone/eng_zero.tsv"))
-    ).project("output")
+def get_context(keywords: list):
+    keywords = pynini.union(*keywords)
 
-    all_digits = hindi_digits | english_digits
+    all_digits = pynini.project(digit, "input")
 
     non_digit_char = pynini.difference(NEMO_CHAR, pynini.union(all_digits, NEMO_WHITE_SPACE))
     word = pynini.closure(non_digit_char, 1) + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE
@@ -60,13 +74,27 @@ def get_context(keywords: list):
     return before, after
 
 
+def get_optional_extension():
+    """
+    Optional telephone extension, e.g. "एक्सटेंशन एक दो तीन" -> " ext. १२३".
+
+    Only reachable after a complete phone number, so place names such as
+    "ग्रीन पार्क एक्सटेंशन" cannot trigger it.
+    """
+    ext_phrase = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/telephone/extension.tsv"))
+    ext_digits = digit + pynini.closure(delete_space + digit, 0, 4)
+    return pynini.closure(
+        delete_space + pynutil.insert(" ") + ext_phrase + pynutil.insert(" ") + delete_space + ext_digits, 0, 1
+    )
+
+
 def generate_context_graph(context_keywords, length):
     context_before, context_after = get_context(context_keywords)
-    digits = pynini.closure(digit + delete_space, length - 1, length - 1) + digit
+    digits = digit_sequence(length)
 
     graph_after_context = digits + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE + context_after
     graph_before_context = context_before + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE + digits
-    graph_without_context = digits
+    graph_without_context = digit_sequence(length, allow_pairs=False)
 
     return (
         pynutil.insert("number_part: \"")
@@ -86,7 +114,7 @@ def generate_credit(context_keywords):
 def generate_mobile(context_keywords):
     context_before, context_after = get_context(context_keywords)
 
-    country_code = pynini.cross("प्लस", "+") + pynini.closure(delete_space + digit, 2, 2) + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE
+    country_code = pynini.cross("प्लस", "+") + delete_space + digit_sequence(2) + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE
     graph_country_code = (
         pynutil.insert("country_code: \"")
         + (context_before + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE) ** (0, 1)
@@ -94,10 +122,11 @@ def generate_mobile(context_keywords):
         + pynutil.insert("\" ")
     )
 
-    number_part = digit_without_shunya + delete_space + pynini.closure(digit + delete_space, 8, 8) + digit
+    number_part = digit_sequence(10, first=pynini.difference(NEMO_HI_DIGIT, pynini.accep("०")))
     graph_number = (
         pynutil.insert("number_part: \"")
         + number_part
+        + get_optional_extension()
         + pynini.closure(NEMO_WHITE_SPACE + context_after, 0, 1)
         + pynutil.insert("\" ")
     )
@@ -109,13 +138,14 @@ def generate_mobile(context_keywords):
 def generate_telephone(context_keywords):
     context_before, context_after = get_context(context_keywords)
 
-    landline = shunya + delete_space + pynini.closure(digit + delete_space, 9, 9) + digit
+    landline = digit_sequence(11, first=pynini.accep("०"))
     landline_with_context_before = context_before + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE + landline
     landline_with_context_after = landline + NEMO_WHITE_SPACE + context_after
 
     return (
         pynutil.insert("number_part: \"")
         + (landline | landline_with_context_before | landline_with_context_after)
+        + get_optional_extension()
         + pynutil.insert("\" ")
     )
 
@@ -124,6 +154,8 @@ class TelephoneFst(GraphFst):
     """
     Finite state transducer for classifying telephone numbers, e.g.
     e.g. प्लस इक्यानवे नौ आठ सात छह पांच चार तीन दो एक शून्य => tokens { name: "+९१ ९८७६५ ४३२१०" }
+    This class also supports IP addresses, e.g.
+    e.g. एक नौ दो डॉट एक छह आठ डॉट एक डॉट एक => tokens { telephone { number_part: "192.168.1.1" } }
     Args:
         Cardinal: CardinalFst
     """
@@ -134,26 +166,26 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst):
         # Load context cues from TSV file
         context_cues = pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/telephone/context_cues.tsv"))
 
-        # Extract keywords for each category
-        mobile_keywords = pynini.compose(pynutil.delete("mobile"), context_cues).project("output").optimize()
-
-        landline_keywords = pynini.compose(pynutil.delete("landline"), context_cues).project("output").optimize()
-
-        pincode_keywords = pynini.compose(pynutil.delete("pincode"), context_cues).project("output").optimize()
+        def keywords(category):
+            return pynini.compose(pynutil.delete(category), context_cues).project("output").optimize()
 
-        credit_keywords = pynini.compose(pynutil.delete("credit"), context_cues).project("output").optimize()
+        mobile = generate_mobile([keywords("mobile")])
+        landline = generate_telephone([keywords("landline")])
+        pincode = generate_pincode([keywords("pincode")])
+        credit = generate_credit([keywords("credit")])
 
-        # Convert FSTs to keyword lists for generate_* functions
-        mobile = generate_mobile([mobile_keywords])
-        landline = generate_telephone([landline_keywords])
-        pincode = generate_pincode([pincode_keywords])
-        credit = generate_credit([credit_keywords])
+        sym = load_symbols(get_abs_path("data/electronic/symbols.tsv"))
+        ip_dot = delete_space + sym["dot"] + delete_space
+        ip_digit = pynini.compose(digit, DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII) | DIGIT_GLYPH_TO_ASCII
+        ip_octet = ip_digit + pynini.closure(delete_space + ip_digit, 0, 2)
+        ip_graph = pynutil.insert("number_part: \"") + ip_octet + (ip_dot + ip_octet) ** 3 + pynutil.insert("\" ")
 
         graph = (
             pynutil.add_weight(mobile, 0.7)
             | pynutil.add_weight(landline, 0.8)
             | pynutil.add_weight(credit, 0.9)
             | pynutil.add_weight(pincode, 1)
+            | pynutil.add_weight(ip_graph, 0.7)
         )
 
         self.final = graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/time.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/time.py
index 942b5022b..743646bcd 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/time.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/time.py
@@ -151,7 +151,15 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst):
             | ((graph_saade | graph_sava | graph_paune) + pynini.closure(delete_space + delete_baje))
         )
 
+        time_zone_graph = pynini.invert(pynini.string_file(get_abs_path("data/time/time_zone.tsv")))
+        final_time_zone_optional = pynini.closure(
+            delete_space + insert_space + pynutil.insert("zone: \"") + time_zone_graph + pynutil.insert("\""),
+            0,
+            1,
+        )
+
         graph = graph_hms | graph_hm | graph_hs | graph_ms | graph_hour | graph_quarterly_measures
+        graph = graph + final_time_zone_optional
         self.graph = graph.optimize()
 
         final_graph = self.add_tokens(graph)
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
index 50abab0e5..08e99b4d7 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/taggers/tokenize_and_classify.py
@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.cardinal import CardinalFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.date import DateFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.decimal import DecimalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.electronic import ElectronicFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.fraction import FractionFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.measure import MeasureFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.money import MoneyFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.ordinal import OrdinalFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.punctuation import PunctuationFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.roman import RomanFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.serial import SerialFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.telephone import TelephoneFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.time import TimeFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.taggers.whitelist import WhiteListFst
@@ -89,6 +92,12 @@ def __init__(
             money_graph = money.fst
             telephone = TelephoneFst(cardinal)
             telephone_graph = telephone.fst
+            electronic = ElectronicFst()
+            electronic_graph = electronic.fst
+            serial = SerialFst(cardinal)
+            serial_graph = serial.fst
+            roman = RomanFst(cardinal)
+            roman_graph = roman.fst
             punct_graph = PunctuationFst().fst
             whitelist_graph = WhiteListFst().fst
             word_graph = WordFst().fst
@@ -103,6 +112,9 @@ def __init__(
                 | pynutil.add_weight(measure_graph, 1.1)
                 | pynutil.add_weight(money_graph, 1.1)
                 | pynutil.add_weight(telephone_graph, 1.1)
+                | pynutil.add_weight(electronic_graph, 1.1)
+                | pynutil.add_weight(serial_graph, 1.1)
+                | pynutil.add_weight(roman_graph, 1.1)
                 | pynutil.add_weight(word_graph, 100)
                 | pynutil.add_weight(whitelist_graph, 1.01)
             )
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/electronic.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/electronic.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69e0e405c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/electronic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, GraphFst, delete_space
+
+
+class ElectronicFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for verbalizing electronic
+        e.g. tokens { electronic { username: "kumar" domain: "gmail.com" } } -> kumar@gmail.com
+        e.g. tokens { electronic { domain: "https://google.com" } } -> https://google.com
+        e.g. tokens { electronic { path: "C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop" } } -> C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="electronic", kind="verbalize")
+
+        def field_graph(field_name: str) -> pynini.Fst:
+            return (
+                pynutil.delete(f"{field_name}:")
+                + delete_space
+                + pynutil.delete("\"")
+                + pynini.closure(NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, 1)
+                + pynutil.delete("\"")
+            )
+
+        domain_graph = field_graph("domain")
+        username_graph = field_graph("username")
+        path_graph = field_graph("path")
+
+        email_graph = username_graph + pynutil.insert("@") + delete_space + domain_graph
+
+        graph = email_graph | path_graph | domain_graph
+
+        self.fst = self.delete_tokens(graph).optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/measure.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/measure.py
index dc8592ebf..af2ca46a0 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/measure.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/measure.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import pynini
 from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
 from nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.en.graph_utils import NEMO_CHAR, GraphFst, delete_space
 
 
@@ -39,7 +40,9 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst, decimal: GraphFst):
             pynutil.delete("units:")
             + delete_space
             + pynutil.delete("\"")
-            + pynini.difference(pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR - " ", 1), pynini.accep("address"))
+            + pynini.difference(
+                pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR - " ", 1), pynini.union(pynini.accep("address"), pynini.accep("math"))
+            )
             + pynutil.delete("\"")
             + delete_space
         )
@@ -80,6 +83,18 @@ def __init__(self, cardinal: GraphFst, decimal: GraphFst):
         )
         graph |= address_graph
 
+        # Math verbalizer: units: "math" cardinal { integer: "२ + २ = ४" } preserve_order: true
+        math_graph = (
+            pynutil.delete("units:")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("\"math\"")
+            + delete_space
+            + graph_cardinal
+            + delete_space
+            + pynini.closure(preserve_order)
+        )
+        graph |= math_graph
+
         delete_tokens = self.delete_tokens(graph)
         self.decimal = graph_decimal
         self.fst = delete_tokens.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/postprocessor.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/postprocessor.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e215d293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/postprocessor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    MIN_NEG_WEIGHT,
+    NEMO_CHAR,
+    NEMO_PUNCT,
+    NEMO_SIGMA,
+    GraphFst,
+)
+
+
+class PostProcessor(GraphFst):
+    '''
+    Postprocessing of ITN, now contains:
+        1. removal of the space before a punctuation mark, e.g. "TBXQF4138W ." -> "TBXQF4138W."
+        2. removal of the space after an opening bracket, e.g. "( AVIC" -> "(AVIC"
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        remove_space_before_punct: bool = False,
+        remove_space_after_bracket: bool = False,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="PostProcessor", kind="processor")
+
+        delete_space = pynutil.delete(" ")
+        graph = pynini.cdrewrite('', '', '', NEMO_SIGMA)
+
+        if remove_space_before_punct:
+            punct = NEMO_PUNCT | pynini.union("।", "॥")
+            allow_space_before = pynini.union("(", "{", "<", pynini.escape("["), "-", "&", '"', "'", "`", "+")
+            no_space_before = pynini.difference(punct, allow_space_before).optimize()
+            non_punct = pynini.difference(NEMO_CHAR, no_space_before).optimize()
+            graph @= pynini.closure(
+                pynini.closure(non_punct)
+                + pynini.closure(no_space_before | pynutil.add_weight(delete_space + no_space_before, MIN_NEG_WEIGHT))
+                + pynini.closure(non_punct)
+            ).optimize()
+
+        if remove_space_after_bracket:
+            brackets = pynini.union("(", "{", "<", pynini.escape("["))
+            graph @= pynini.cdrewrite(delete_space, brackets, NEMO_SIGMA, NEMO_SIGMA).optimize()
+
+        self.fst = graph.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/roman.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/roman.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b53ee903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/roman.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import pynini
+from pynini.lib import pynutil
+
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.graph_utils import (
+    NEMO_NOT_QUOTE,
+    GraphFst,
+    delete_space,
+    insert_space,
+)
+
+
+class RomanFst(GraphFst):
+    """
+    Finite state transducer for verbalizing Roman numerals
+        e.g. tokens { roman { key_cardinal: "अध्याय" integer: "III" } } -> अध्याय III
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(name="roman", kind="verbalize")
+        key_cardinal = pynutil.delete("key_cardinal: \"") + pynini.closure(NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, 1) + pynutil.delete("\"")
+        integer = pynutil.delete("integer: \"") + pynini.closure(NEMO_NOT_QUOTE, 1) + pynutil.delete("\"")
+        graph = key_cardinal + delete_space + insert_space + integer
+        delete_tokens = self.delete_tokens(graph)
+        self.fst = delete_tokens.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/time.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/time.py
index 99820a781..c7710f07f 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/time.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/time.py
@@ -102,7 +102,17 @@ def __init__(self):
             + delete_space
         )
 
+        zone = (
+            pynutil.delete("zone:")
+            + delete_space
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+            + pynini.closure(NEMO_CHAR - " ", 1)
+            + pynutil.delete("\"")
+        )
+        optional_zone = pynini.closure(delete_space + insert_space + zone, 0, 1)
+
         graph = graph_hour | graph_hms | graph_hm | graph_hs | graph_ms
+        graph = graph + optional_zone
 
         delete_tokens = self.delete_tokens(graph)
         self.fst = delete_tokens.optimize()
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/verbalize.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/verbalize.py
index f1a6c55a3..d66d10645 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/verbalize.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/hi/verbalizers/verbalize.py
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.cardinal import CardinalFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.date import DateFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.decimal import DecimalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.electronic import ElectronicFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.fraction import FractionFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.measure import MeasureFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.money import MoneyFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.ordinal import OrdinalFst
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.roman import RomanFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.telephone import TelephoneFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.time import TimeFst
 from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.whitelist import WhiteListFst
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ def __init__(self):
         measure_graph = MeasureFst(cardinal, decimal).fst
         money_graph = MoneyFst(cardinal, decimal).fst
         telephone_graph = TelephoneFst(cardinal).fst
+        electronic_graph = ElectronicFst().fst
+        roman_graph = RomanFst().fst
         word_graph = WordFst().fst
         whitelist_graph = WhiteListFst().fst
 
@@ -63,5 +67,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             | measure_graph
             | money_graph
             | telephone_graph
+            | electronic_graph
+            | roman_graph
         )
         self.fst = graph
diff --git a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
index 9a6fcc64c..800238c30 100644
--- a/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
+++ b/nemo_text_processing/inverse_text_normalization/inverse_normalize.py
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class InverseNormalizer(Normalizer):
         overwrite_cache: set to True to overwrite .far files
         max_number_of_permutations_per_split: a maximum number
             of permutations which can be generated from input sequence of tokens.
+        post_process: whether to apply language-specific punctuation post-processing
+            (currently used by Hindi). On by default.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ def __init__(
         cache_dir: str = None,
         overwrite_cache: bool = False,
         max_number_of_permutations_per_split: int = 729,
+        post_process: bool = True,
     ):
 
         assert input_case in ["lower_cased", "cased"]
@@ -157,6 +160,18 @@ def __init__(
         self.lang = lang
         self.max_number_of_permutations_per_split = max_number_of_permutations_per_split
 
+        # Optional punctuation post-processor, applied by Normalizer.normalize().
+        # Follows the en/vi pattern: a separate FST held on the normalizer and
+        # gated behind the `post_process` flag, rather than baked into the verbalizer.
+        self.post_processor = None
+        if lang == 'hi' and post_process:
+            from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.hi.verbalizers.postprocessor import PostProcessor
+
+            self.post_processor = PostProcessor(
+                remove_space_before_punct=True,
+                remove_space_after_bracket=True,
+            )
+
     def inverse_normalize_list(self, texts: List[str], verbose=False) -> List[str]:
         """
         NeMo inverse text normalizer
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
index 4a7221675..d2cec97cd 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_cardinal.txt
@@ -52,3 +52,16 @@
 ढाई सौ~२५०
 साढ़े सोलह सौ~१६५०
 सवा सोलह सौ~१६२५
+चालीस पचास~४० ५०
+साठ सत्तर~६० ७०
+पचास पचास~५० ५०
+पैंतीस पैंतालीस~३५ ४५
+सत्तर अस्सी~७० ८०
+अस्सी नब्बे~८० ९०
+नब्बे पचास~९० ५०
+चालीस पचास साठ~४० ५० ६०
+पचास साठ सत्तर~५० ६० ७०
+चालीस पचास साठ सत्तर~४० ५० ६० ७०
+वहाँ चालीस पचास लोग थे~वहाँ ४० ५० लोग थे
+स्कोर साठ सत्तर रहा~स्कोर ६० ७० रहा
+अस्सी नब्बे प्रतिशत~८० ९० प्रतिशत
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_date.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_date.txt
index 402361d71..6ad0d4ee9 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_date.txt
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_date.txt
@@ -39,4 +39,10 @@
 अठाहरवीं शताब्दी~१८वीं शताब्दी
 एक हज़ार एकवीं शताब्दी~१००१वीं शताब्दी
 एक सौ उन्नीसवां शताब्दी~११९वां शताब्दी
-उन्नीस सौ बीस से छब्बीस तक~१९२०-२६ तक
\ No newline at end of file
+उन्नीस सौ बीस से छब्बीस तक~१९२०-२६ तक
+छ: सौ बाईस ईस्वी~६२२ ई.
+चार सौ ईसा पूर्व~४०० ई.पू.
+चार हज़ार ईसा पूर्व~४००० ई.पू.
+सन् तेरह सौ अट्ठानवे ईस्वी~सन् १३९८ ई.
+पाँच मई सत्रह सौ नवासी ईस्वी~५ मई, १७८९ ई.
+दो सौ बहतर से दो सौ बानवे ईसा पूर्व~२७२-२९२ ई.पू.
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb2f8308f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+ए आर एन ओ एल डी सी ए टी एच वाई एट एम आई एल एल ई आर हाइफ़न सी ए आर आर डॉट कॉम~arnoldcathy@miller-carr.com
+एल टी ए ए एक दो एट जीमेल डॉट कॉम~ltaa12@gmail.com
+एच आर यू एस एस ई एल एल एट जीमेल डॉट कॉम~hrussell@gmail.com
+ए एन एंड एस आई एन जी एच तीन के एट जीमेल डॉट कॉम~anandsingh3k@gmail.com
+एफ ओ एक्स ए डी ए एम एट एंड ई आर एस ओ एन डॉट ऑर्ग~foxadam@anderson.org
+बी एन ए ए डॉट कॉम~bnaa.com
+एस आर वी हाइफ़न आठ चार डॉट जी ए ए वाई के वी ए ए डी डी डॉट नेट~srv-84.gaaykvaadd.net
+एल टी हाइफ़न तीन एक डॉट बी ए आर टी ओ एन डॉट सी ओ एन एल ई वाई डॉट कॉम~lt-31.barton.conley.com
+डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डॉट ए एल यू एन आई वी डॉट ऑर्ग फॉरवर्ड स्लैश~www.aluniv.org/
+डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डॉट बी ई सी एस डॉट ए सी डॉट इन~www.becs.ac.in
+डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डॉट बी आई टी एस हाइफ़न पी आई एल ए एन आई डॉट ए सी डॉट इन~www.bits-pilani.ac.in
+एच टी टी पी एस कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश ए आर ओ डी डी डी एच ए ए डॉट नेट फॉरवर्ड स्लैश~https://arodddhaa.net/
+एच टी टी पी एस कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डॉट एम एच ए ए आर ए ए जे डॉट कॉम फॉरवर्ड स्लैश~https://www.mhaaraaj.com/
+एच टी टी पी एस कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश एम ए आर टी आई एन ई ज़ेड हाइफ़न एम ए आर टी आई एन डॉट कॉम~https://martinez-martin.com
+एच टी टी पी कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश एम एच ए ए डी ई वी डॉट ऑर्ग फॉरवर्ड स्लैश अबाउट डॉट एच टी एम एल~http://mhaadev.org/about.html
+एच टी टी पी कोलन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश फॉरवर्ड स्लैश ए टी आई डॉट ई डी यू~http://ati.edu
+सी कोलन बैकवर्ड स्लैश यूज़र्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एच पी बैकवर्ड स्लैश डेस्कटॉप बैकवर्ड स्लैश ऑडियो अंडर स्कोर फ़ाइल अंडर स्कोर दो डॉट एम पी तीन~C:\Users\HP\Desktop\Audio_file_2.mp3
+सी कोलन बैकवर्ड स्लैश यूज़र्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एच पी बैकवर्ड स्लैश म्यूज़िक बैकवर्ड स्लैश~C:\Users\HP\Music\
+डी कोलन बैकवर्ड स्लैश यूज़र्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एच पी बैकवर्ड स्लैश डाउनलोड्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एस ए एम पी एल ई डॉट एक्स एल एस एक्स~D:\Users\HP\Downloads\SAMPLE.xlsx
+ए ए एस सी डॉट एन आई सी डॉट इन फॉरवर्ड स्लैश~aasc.nic.in/
+होम / लिब्रे ऑफिस - इंप्रेस - टेम्पलेट्स - मास्टर /~home/libreoffice-impress-templates-master/
+फॉरवर्ड स्लैश होम फॉरवर्ड स्लैश पी आई फॉरवर्ड स्लैश ए एन यू जे~/home/pi/anuj
+फॉरवर्ड स्लैश होम फॉरवर्ड स्लैश एम ओ एन ई आर ओ हाइफ़न जी यू आई हाइफ़न वी शून्य डॉट एक दो डॉट तीन डॉट शून्य फॉरवर्ड स्लैश~/home/monero-gui-v0.12.3.0/
+सी कोलन बैकवर्ड स्लैश यूज़र्स बैकवर्ड स्लैश एच पी बैकवर्ड स्लैश डेस्कटॉप बैकवर्ड स्लैश चैप्टर स्पेस एक स्पेस पाइथन डॉट पी डी एफ~C:\Users\HP\Desktop\chapter 1 python.pdf
+फॉरवर्ड स्लैश ई टी सी फॉरवर्ड स्लैश सी ए हाइफ़न सी ई आर टी आई एफ आई सी ए टी ई एस डॉट सी ओ एन एफ डॉट डी पी के जी हाइफ़न ओ एल डी~/etc/ca-certificates.conf.dpkg-old
+फॉरवर्ड स्लैश वर्क फॉरवर्ड स्लैश ओ एस अंडर स्कोर सी ओ ओ आर डी अंडर स्कोर ओ आर डी आई एन ए एन सी ई अंडर स्कोर सर्वे डॉट एच~/work/os_coord_ordinance_survey.h
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_measure.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_measure.txt
index 21615f1c5..79d66804d 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_measure.txt
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_measure.txt
@@ -46,3 +46,34 @@
 दो बाई दो~२x२
 पाँच बाई पाँच~५x५
 बाईस बाई पाँच घन फीट~२२x५ ft³
+दो प्लस दो इक्वल चार~२+२=४
+सात प्लस तीन इक्वल्स दस~७+३=१०
+दो जमा दो बराबर चार~२+२=४
+पंद्रह जोड़ पाँच बराबर बीस~१५+५=२०
+पाँच माइनस तीन इक्वल दो~५-३=२
+बीस घटा आठ बराबर बारह~२०-८=१२
+दो मल्टीप्लाइड तीन इक्वल छह~२×३=६
+चार गुणा पाँच बराबर बीस~४×५=२०
+नौ इनटू तीन बराबर सत्ताईस~९×३=२७
+छह डिवाइडेड दो इक्वल तीन~६/२=३
+सौ भाग चार बराबर पच्चीस~१००/४=२५
+दो प्लस तीन प्लस चार इक्वल नौ~२+३+४=९
+दस माइनस दो माइनस तीन इक्वल पाँच~१०-२-३=५
+चार इक्वल दो प्लस दो~४=२+२
+सात जोड़ तीन इज़ इक्वल टू दस~७+३=१०
+दो गुणा तीन बराबर होता है छह~२×३=६
+दो दशमलव पाँच प्लस एक इक्वल तीन दशमलव पाँच~२.५+१=३.५
+दस दशमलव पाँच माइनस दो इक्वल आठ दशमलव पाँच~१०.५-२=८.५
+दो दशमलव पाँच गुणा दो इक्वल पाँच~२.५×२=५
+दो प्लस एक दशमलव पाँच इक्वल तीन दशमलव पाँच~२+१.५=३.५
+चार इक्वल दो दशमलव पाँच प्लस एक दशमलव पाँच~४=२.५+१.५
+दो प्लस तीन इक्वल एक प्लस चार~२+३=१+४
+दस माइनस दो इक्वल तीन प्लस पाँच~१०-२=३+५
+दो दशमलव पाँच~२.५
+दो दशमलव पाँच प्लस एक~२.५ प्लस १
+दो गुना तीन~२ गुना ३
+कीमत दो गुना बढ़ी~कीमत २ गुना बढ़ी
+आबादी तीन गुना हो गई~आबादी ३ गुना हो गई
+तीन बराबर तीन~३ बराबर ३
+यह संख्या दो गुना बराबर नहीं है~यह संख्या २ गुना बराबर नहीं है
+उसकी उम्र पैंतीस चालीस साल है~उसकी उम्र ३५ ४० yr है
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_roman.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_roman.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb9b8e62c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_roman.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+अध्याय एक~अध्याय I
+अध्याय तीन~अध्याय III
+अध्याय चार~अध्याय IV
+अध्याय नौ~अध्याय IX
+खंड पाँच~खंड V
+खण्ड सात~खण्ड VII
+कक्षा दस~कक्षा X
+कक्षा बारह~कक्षा XII
+अध्याय बीस~अध्याय XX
+अध्याय चालीस~अध्याय XL
+अध्याय निन्यानवे~अध्याय XCIX
+अध्याय बयालीस~अध्याय XLII
+अध्याय चालीस दो~अध्याय XL २
+अध्याय चौदह~अध्याय XIV
+अध्याय उन्नीस~अध्याय XIX
+अध्याय चार सौ~अध्याय CD
+अध्याय सौ~अध्याय C
+अध्याय नौ सौ~अध्याय CM
+अध्याय एक हजार~अध्याय M
+अध्याय चार हजार~अध्याय ४०००
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_serial.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_serial.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a61cb28a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_serial.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+कोविड-उन्नीस~कोविड-19
+ब्रह्मोस-एक~ब्रह्मोस-1
+निन्यानबे-एक~99-1
+दस-बीस-तीस~10-20-30
+एक-आठ सौ-पाँच सौ पचपन~1-800-555
+दो स्क्वेर्ड~2^2
+दो क्यूब~2^3
+चार टु द पावर पाँच~4^5
+ब्रह्मोस हाइफ़न १~ब्रह्मोस-1
+मंगल हाइफ़न दो~मंगल-2
+आई ए तीन दो~IA32
+आठ सात बी एफ जे यू आठ नौ छह शून्य वी एफ~87BFJU8960VF
+आर दो पाँच शून्य एस प्रो~R250S प्रो
+एक दो शून्य एम एम~120MM
+ऑडी ए छह~ऑडी A6
+ऑपपो एन्को एक्स दो~ऑपपो एन्को X2
+सी छह एच एक दो ओ छह~C6H12O6
+जी एस ए टी हाइफ़न एक आठ~GSAT-18
+डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू डब्ल्यू सात सात आठ~WWW778
+पी एम दो प्वाइंट पाँच~PM2.5
+टी हाइफ़न एक्स चार शून्य शून्य~T-X400
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_telephone.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_telephone.txt
index 3b84a333d..088afac32 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_telephone.txt
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_telephone.txt
@@ -25,4 +25,19 @@ zero one three four two three two one five four eight~०१३४२३२१
 चार चार चार चार~४४४४
 सात आठ नौ एक~७८९१
 एक शून्य दो शून्य~१०२०
-नौ आठ सात छह~९८७६
\ No newline at end of file
+नौ आठ सात छह~९८७६
+दो पाँच पाँच डॉट एक छह आठ डॉट चार छह डॉट एक सात पाँच~255.168.46.175
+दो पाँच डॉट दो तीन तीन डॉट एक चार डॉट दो तीन एक~25.233.14.231
+नौ आठ सात छह पाँच चार तीन दो एक शून्य एक्सटेंशन एक दो तीन~९८७६५४३२१० ext. १२३
+प्लस नौ एक नौ आठ सात छह पाँच चार तीन दो एक शून्य एक्सटेंशन चार पाँच~+९१ ९८७६५४३२१० ext. ४५
+शून्य एक एक दो छह एक दो तीन चार पाँच छह एक्सटेंशन दो दो~०११२६१२३४५६ ext. २२
+नौ आठ सात छह पाँच चार तीन दो एक शून्य एक्स्टेंशन एक दो तीन~९८७६५४३२१० ext. १२३
+नौ आठ सात छह पाँच चार तीन दो एक शून्य एक्सटेंशन नंबर सात आठ~९८७६५४३२१० ext. ७८
+सात शून्य एक दो तीन चार पाँच छह सात आठ एक्सटेंशन नौ~७०१२३४५६७८ ext. ९
+प्लस इक्यानवे इक्यासी दस इकसठ सड़सठ शून्य आठ~+९१ ८११०६१६७०८
+प्लस इक्यानवे अड़सठ चालीस अठासी उनासी अड़तीस~+९१ ६८४०८८७९३८
+इक्यासी दस इकसठ सड़सठ शून्य आठ~८११०६१६७०८
+अड़सठ चालीस अठासी उनासी अड़तीस~६८४०८८७९३८
+नौ आठ सात छह पाँच तैंतालीस इक्कीस शून्य~९८७६५४३२१०
+शून्य बीस चौबीस सैंतीस पंद्रह बयालीस~०२०२४३७१५४२
+प्लस इक्यानवे नौ आठ सात छह पाँच चार तीन दो एक शून्य~+९१ ९८७६५४३२१०
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_time.txt b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_time.txt
index 8ec5e4df3..244be9a47 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_time.txt
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_time.txt
@@ -23,3 +23,31 @@
 साढ़े ग्यारह~११:३०
 पौने पाँच~४:४५
 पौने तीन घंटा~२:४५
+सुबह के दो बजे~सुबह के २:००
+दोपहर के तीन बजे~दोपहर के ३:००
+शाम के छह बजे~शाम के ६:००
+रात के आठ बजे~रात के ८:००
+सुबह के छह बजकर उनतालीस मिनट~सुबह के ६:३९
+दोपहर के एक बजकर छत्तीस मिनट~दोपहर के १:३६
+शाम के सात बजकर बीस मिनट~शाम के ७:२०
+रात के ग्यारह बजकर पचास मिनट~रात के ११:५०
+सुबह के पाँच बजकर बीस मिनट बारह सेकंड~सुबह के ५:२०:१२
+दोपहर के तीन बजकर उनसठ मिनट छत्तीस सेकंड~दोपहर के ३:५९:३६
+रात के दस बजकर अड़तालीस मिनट पचास सेकंड~रात के १०:४८:५०
+सुबह के पाँच बजके एक मिनट~सुबह के ५:०१
+दोपहर के तीन बजके एक मिनट~दोपहर के ३:०१
+पाँच बजे आई एस टी~५:०० IST
+छह बजे जी एम टी~६:०० GMT
+दो बजे पी एस टी~२:०० PST
+पाँच बजकर तीस मिनट आई एस टी~५:३० IST
+नौ बजकर पंद्रह मिनट यू टी सी~९:१५ UTC
+ग्यारह बजकर पचास मिनट ई एस टी~११:५० EST
+सात बजकर बीस मिनट दस सेकंड आई एस टी~७:२०:१० IST
+सुबह के आठ बजे आई एस टी~सुबह के ८:०० IST
+रात के दस बजकर तीस मिनट जी एम टी~रात के १०:३० GMT
+पाँच बजे भारतीय मानक समय~५:०० IST
+पाँच बजे भारतीय समयानुसार~५:०० IST
+साढ़े पाँच बजे आई एस टी~५:३० IST
+सवा चार बजे जी एम टी~४:१५ GMT
+पौने नौ बजे आई एस टी~८:४५ IST
+ढाई बजे आई एस टी~२:३० IST
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_address.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_address.py
index f01dc76c3..41f5360ac 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_address.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_address.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_date.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_date.py
index df12e9874..71e351641 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_date.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_date.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_decimal.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_decimal.py
index 582b59422..368266300 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_decimal.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_decimal.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_electronic.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_electronic.py
index 6b2e3b4f0..9086bd2a9 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_electronic.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_electronic.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import pytest
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
+from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.inverse_normalize import InverseNormalizer
 from nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.normalize import Normalizer
 
 from ..utils import CACHE_DIR, parse_test_case_file
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ class TestElectronic:
     normalizer = Normalizer(
         input_case='cased', lang='hi', cache_dir=CACHE_DIR, overwrite_cache=False, post_process=True
     )
+    inverse_normalizer = InverseNormalizer(lang='hi', cache_dir=CACHE_DIR, overwrite_cache=False)
 
     @parameterized.expand(parse_test_case_file('hi/data_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt'))
     @pytest.mark.run_only_on('CPU')
@@ -31,3 +33,10 @@ class TestElectronic:
     def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.normalizer.normalize(test_input, verbose=False, punct_post_process=True)
         assert pred == expected
+
+    @parameterized.expand(parse_test_case_file('hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt'))
+    @pytest.mark.run_only_on('CPU')
+    @pytest.mark.unit
+    def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
+        pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_fraction.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_fraction.py
index bedf9d0f7..4d063af81 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_fraction.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_fraction.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_measure.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_measure.py
index 71352cdc8..6cf5d930c 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_measure.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_measure.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_money.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_money.py
index 0665146a6..3e3a9b58f 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_money.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_money.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_roman.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_roman.py
index 041b88fd1..3e32c6e8a 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_roman.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_roman.py
@@ -12,11 +12,9 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import pytest
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-from nemo_text_processing.inverse_text_normalization.inverse_normalize import InverseNormalizer
 from nemo_text_processing.text_normalization.normalize import Normalizer
 
 from ..utils import CACHE_DIR, parse_test_case_file
@@ -26,11 +24,10 @@ class TestRoman:
     normalizer = Normalizer(
         input_case='cased', lang='hi', cache_dir=CACHE_DIR, overwrite_cache=False, post_process=False
     )
-    inverse_normalizer = InverseNormalizer(lang='hi', cache_dir=CACHE_DIR, overwrite_cache=False)
 
     @parameterized.expand(parse_test_case_file('hi/data_text_normalization/test_cases_roman.txt'))
     @pytest.mark.run_only_on('CPU')
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.normalizer.normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh
index 0e31a1a00..7b0aff71d 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_sparrowhawk_inverse_text_normalization.sh
@@ -83,6 +83,21 @@ testITNWhiteList() {
   runtest $input
 }
 
+testITNElectronic() {
+  input=$PROJECT_DIR/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_electronic.txt
+  runtest $input
+}
+
+testITNSerial() {
+  input=$PROJECT_DIR/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_serial.txt
+  runtest $input
+}
+
+testITNRoman() {
+  input=$PROJECT_DIR/hi/data_inverse_text_normalization/test_cases_roman.txt
+  runtest $input
+}
+
 
 # Load shUnit2
 . $PROJECT_DIR/../shunit2/shunit2
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_telephone.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_telephone.py
index 7e43f7e82..f480da156 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_telephone.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_telephone.py
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ class TestTelephone:
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected
diff --git a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_time.py b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_time.py
index 402faf414..9ceb9566d 100644
--- a/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_time.py
+++ b/tests/nemo_text_processing/hi/test_time.py
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ def test_norm(self, test_input, expected):
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_denorm(self, test_input, expected):
         pred = self.inverse_normalizer.inverse_normalize(test_input, verbose=False)
-        assert pred.strip() == expected.strip()
+        assert pred == expected