diff --git a/packages/transaction-controller/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/transaction-controller/CHANGELOG.md
index 24443eb4cb..edaa1cc775 100644
--- a/packages/transaction-controller/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/transaction-controller/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Added
+
+- Add optional `maxGasLimit` to the `gasEstimateFallback` feature flag config, clamping the fixed or percentage-derived gas estimate fallback to a chain's per-transaction gas cap so it can never exceed the limit the RPC will accept ([#9191](https://github.com/MetaMask/core/pull/9191))
+
 ## [68.0.1]
 
 ### Fixed
diff --git a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.test.ts b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.test.ts
index 624d73ff18..405008c10b 100644
--- a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.test.ts
+++ b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.test.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ const SIGNATURE_MOCK = '0xcba' as Hex;
 const DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK = 35;
 const GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK = 50;
 const FIXED_GAS_MOCK = 100000;
+const MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK = 33554432;
 const GAS_BUFFER_MOCK = 1.1;
 const GAS_BUFFER_2_MOCK = 1.2;
 const GAS_BUFFER_3_MOCK = 1.3;
@@ -611,6 +612,7 @@ describe('Feature Flags Utils', () => {
               [CHAIN_ID_MOCK]: {
                 fixed: FIXED_GAS_MOCK,
                 percentage: GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+                maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
               },
             },
           },
@@ -622,6 +624,7 @@ describe('Feature Flags Utils', () => {
       ).toStrictEqual({
         fixed: FIXED_GAS_MOCK,
         percentage: GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
       });
     });
 
@@ -642,6 +645,55 @@ describe('Feature Flags Utils', () => {
       ).toStrictEqual({
         fixed: undefined,
         percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        maxGasLimit: undefined,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns maxGasLimit from the default config when no chain-specific value is set', () => {
+      mockFeatureFlags({
+        [FeatureFlag.Transactions]: {
+          gasEstimateFallback: {
+            default: {
+              percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+              maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        getGasEstimateFallback(CHAIN_ID_MOCK, controllerMessenger),
+      ).toStrictEqual({
+        fixed: undefined,
+        percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('prefers the chain-specific maxGasLimit over the default', () => {
+      mockFeatureFlags({
+        [FeatureFlag.Transactions]: {
+          gasEstimateFallback: {
+            default: {
+              percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+              maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK * 2,
+            },
+            perChainConfig: {
+              [CHAIN_ID_MOCK]: {
+                percentage: GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+                maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(
+        getGasEstimateFallback(CHAIN_ID_MOCK, controllerMessenger),
+      ).toStrictEqual({
+        fixed: undefined,
+        percentage: GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        maxGasLimit: MAX_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
       });
     });
   });
diff --git a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.ts b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.ts
index ee65bc0967..128e5844cf 100644
--- a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.ts
+++ b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/feature-flags.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@ type GasEstimateFallback = {
    * The percentage multiplier gas estimate fallback for a transaction.
    */
   percentage?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * The maximum gas limit the fallback can resolve to, representing the chain's
+   * per-transaction gas cap. Clamps the `fixed` or `percentage`-derived fallback
+   * so it can never exceed the gas limit the RPC will accept (e.g. ~33.5M on
+   * Polygon, whereas 35% of its ~140M block gas limit would otherwise be ~49M).
+   */
+  maxGasLimit?: number;
 };
 
 export type TransactionControllerFeatureFlags = {
@@ -369,6 +377,7 @@ export function getGasEstimateFallback(
 ): {
   fixed?: number;
   percentage: number;
+  maxGasLimit?: number;
 } {
   const featureFlags = getFeatureFlags(messenger);
 
@@ -384,7 +393,10 @@ export function getGasEstimateFallback(
 
   const fixed = chainFlags?.fixed ?? gasEstimateFallbackFlags?.default?.fixed;
 
-  return { fixed, percentage };
+  const maxGasLimit =
+    chainFlags?.maxGasLimit ?? gasEstimateFallbackFlags?.default?.maxGasLimit;
+
+  return { fixed, percentage, maxGasLimit };
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.test.ts b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.test.ts
index b17f6e07df..a54716235e 100644
--- a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.test.ts
+++ b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.test.ts
@@ -724,6 +724,84 @@ describe('gas', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('clamps the percentage-derived fallback to maxGasLimit when it exceeds the chain per-tx cap on error', async () => {
+      const maxGasLimit =
+        Math.floor(BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK * FALLBACK_MULTIPLIER_35_PERCENT) - 1;
+
+      getGasEstimateFallbackMock.mockReturnValue({
+        percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        fixed: undefined,
+        maxGasLimit,
+      });
+
+      mockQuery({
+        getBlockByNumberResponse: { gasLimit: toHex(BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK) },
+        estimateGasError: { message: 'TestError', errorKey: 'TestKey' },
+      });
+
+      const result = await estimateGas({
+        networkClientId: NETWORK_CLIENT_ID_MOCK,
+        isSimulationEnabled: false,
+        getSimulationConfig: GET_SIMULATION_CONFIG_MOCK,
+        messenger: MESSENGER_MOCK,
+        txParams: TRANSACTION_META_MOCK.txParams,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.estimatedGas).toBe(toHex(maxGasLimit));
+    });
+
+    it('does not clamp the fallback when it is below maxGasLimit on error', async () => {
+      const fallbackGas = Math.floor(
+        BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK * FALLBACK_MULTIPLIER_35_PERCENT,
+      );
+
+      getGasEstimateFallbackMock.mockReturnValue({
+        percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        fixed: undefined,
+        maxGasLimit: BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK,
+      });
+
+      mockQuery({
+        getBlockByNumberResponse: { gasLimit: toHex(BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK) },
+        estimateGasError: { message: 'TestError', errorKey: 'TestKey' },
+      });
+
+      const result = await estimateGas({
+        networkClientId: NETWORK_CLIENT_ID_MOCK,
+        isSimulationEnabled: false,
+        getSimulationConfig: GET_SIMULATION_CONFIG_MOCK,
+        messenger: MESSENGER_MOCK,
+        txParams: TRANSACTION_META_MOCK.txParams,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.estimatedGas).toBe(toHex(fallbackGas));
+    });
+
+    it('clamps the fixed fallback to maxGasLimit when it exceeds the chain per-tx cap on error', async () => {
+      const maxGasLimit = FIXED_ESTIMATE_GAS_MOCK - 1;
+
+      getGasEstimateFallbackMock.mockReturnValue({
+        percentage: DEFAULT_GAS_ESTIMATE_FALLBACK_MOCK,
+        fixed: FIXED_ESTIMATE_GAS_MOCK,
+        maxGasLimit,
+      });
+
+      mockQuery({
+        getBlockByNumberResponse: { gasLimit: toHex(BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK) },
+        estimateGasError: { message: 'TestError', errorKey: 'TestKey' },
+      });
+
+      const result = await estimateGas({
+        networkClientId: NETWORK_CLIENT_ID_MOCK,
+        isSimulationEnabled: false,
+        getSimulationConfig: GET_SIMULATION_CONFIG_MOCK,
+        messenger: MESSENGER_MOCK,
+        txParams: TRANSACTION_META_MOCK.txParams,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.estimatedGas).toBe(toHex(maxGasLimit));
+    });
+
     it('removes gas fee properties from estimate request', async () => {
       mockQuery({
         getBlockByNumberResponse: { gasLimit: toHex(BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT_MOCK) },
diff --git a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.ts b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.ts
index 9cf9e7bbf0..f04568a6a9 100644
--- a/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.ts
+++ b/packages/transaction-controller/src/utils/gas.ts
@@ -135,12 +135,26 @@ export async function estimateGas({
   );
 
   const blockGasLimitBN = hexToBN(blockGasLimit);
-  const { percentage, fixed } = getGasEstimateFallback(chainId, messenger);
+  const { percentage, fixed, maxGasLimit } = getGasEstimateFallback(
+    chainId,
+    messenger,
+  );
 
-  const fallback = fixed
+  const uncappedFallback = fixed
     ? toHex(fixed)
     : BNToHex(fractionBN(blockGasLimitBN, percentage, 100));
 
+  // Clamp the fallback to the chain's per-transaction gas cap so it can never
+  // exceed the gas limit the RPC will accept. Without this, a percentage of a
+  // high block gas limit can overshoot the cap (e.g. 35% of Polygon's ~140M
+  // block limit is ~49M, but the node caps a tx at ~33.5M and rejects it with
+  // "transaction gas limit too high").
+  const fallback =
+    maxGasLimit !== undefined &&
+    hexToBN(uncappedFallback).gt(hexToBN(toHex(maxGasLimit)))
+      ? toHex(maxGasLimit)
+      : uncappedFallback;
+
   log('Estimation fallback values', fallback);
 
   request.data = data ? add0x(data) : data;