diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 3d286f605e4..9c2f7e8a843 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@ build-stamp
 *.cmd
 .tmp*
 src/*.mod
-# Ignore generated html files, 
+# All rendered docs land under docs/build/ now (HTML, PDF, po4a-translated
+# .adoc).  See docs/src/Submakefile for the per-format subtree layout.
+/docs/build/
+# Intermediate .html files asciidoctor writes beside each .adoc before
+# the copy step moves them to docs/build/html/.
 /docs/src/*/*.html
-# docs/html/.gitignore is for the html directory
 debian/*.debhelper.log
 rtlib/Module.symvers
 share/*/*.desktop
@@ -27,7 +30,6 @@ src/modules.order
 /configs/*/emc.nml
 !/configs/common/emc.nml
 /docs/src/source-highlight/local
-docs/src/*/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
 lib/python/gremlin.py
 lib/python/qt5_graphics.py
 lib/python/touchy
diff --git a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-de.docs b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-de.docs
index 2392d4c0e66..618bca6ce9c 100644
--- a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-de.docs
+++ b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-de.docs
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Documentation_de.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_de.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Integrator_de.pdf
 
-docs/html/de/gcode.html
+docs/build/html/de/gcode.html
diff --git a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-en.docs b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-en.docs
index 772992b34a8..7dd943fa602 100644
--- a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-en.docs
+++ b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-en.docs
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/axis_light_background
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/rtfaults.adoc
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/tklinuxcnc.adoc
 
-docs/html/gcode.html
+docs/build/html/en/gcode.html
diff --git a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-ta.docs b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-ta.docs
index 1e9b51f5a3a..5415a7577a2 100644
--- a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-ta.docs
+++ b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-ta.docs
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Documentation_ta.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_ta.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Integrator_ta.pdf
 
-docs/html/ta/gcode.html
+docs/build/html/ta/gcode.html
diff --git a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-uk.docs b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-uk.docs
index 52d31f66181..bfd0988b5fb 100644
--- a/debian/linuxcnc-doc-uk.docs
+++ b/debian/linuxcnc-doc-uk.docs
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Developer_uk.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Documentation_uk.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_uk.pdf
 usr/share/doc/linuxcnc/LinuxCNC_Integrator_uk.pdf
-docs/html/uk/gcode.html
+docs/build/html/uk/gcode.html
diff --git a/docs/.gitignore b/docs/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 38f1ebe057f..00000000000
--- a/docs/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# generated when building pdf docs
-index.html
diff --git a/docs/help/.gitignore b/docs/help/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index f9d069b455f..00000000000
--- a/docs/help/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Ignore po4a-generated files for other languages
-ar/*
-bg/*
-ckb/*
-cs/*
-da/*
-de/*
-es/*
-fr/*
-hu/*
-it/*
-ka/*
-nb/*
-pl/*
-pt/*
-pt_BR/*
-ro/*
-ru/*
-sai/*
-sk/*
-sv/*
-tr/*
-uk/*
-vi/*
-zh_CN/*
diff --git a/docs/html/.gitignore b/docs/html/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index efcfb70c91f..00000000000
--- a/docs/html/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-*.js
-*.css
-!linuxcnc.css
-*.html
-!gcode*.html
-*.xml
-*.png
-*.gif
-code
-common
-config
-drivers
-examples
-gcode
-getting-started
-gui
-hal
-install
-integrator
-lathe
-man
-motion
-remap
-user
-# Ignore po4a-generated files for other languages
-ar/*
-bg/*
-ckb/*
-cs/*
-da/*
-de/*
-es/*
-fr/*
-hu/*
-it/*
-ka/*
-nb/*
-pl/*
-pt/*
-pt_BR/*
-ro/*
-ru/*
-sai/*
-sk/*
-sv/*
-tr/*
-uk/*
-vi/*
-zh_CN/*
diff --git a/docs/html/asciidoc.css b/docs/html/asciidoc.css
deleted file mode 100644
index 55e6384027a..00000000000
--- a/docs/html/asciidoc.css
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,527 +0,0 @@
-/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
-
-/* Default font. */
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-  font-family: Georgia,serif;
-}
-
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-#footer {
-  font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
-}
-
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-  margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
-}
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-  border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
-}
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-  margin-top: 4.0em;
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-div.verseblock > div.attribution {
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-/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
-div.verseblock + div.attribution {
-  text-align: left;
-}
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-div.admonitionblock .icon {
-  vertical-align: top;
-  font-size: 1.1em;
-  font-weight: bold;
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-  color: #527bbd;
-  padding-right: 0.5em;
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-div.admonitionblock td.content {
-  padding-left: 0.5em;
-  border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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-div.exampleblock > div.content {
-  border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
-  padding-left: 0.5em;
-}
-
-div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
-span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
-a.image:visited { color: white; }
-
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-}
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-  font-style: normal;
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-div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
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-  margin-top: 0.1em;
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-  white-space: pre;
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-
-div.hdlist {
-  margin-top: 0.8em;
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-}
-div.hdlist tr {
-  padding-bottom: 15px;
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-dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
-  font-weight: bold;
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-td.hdlist1 {
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-  font-style: normal;
-  padding-right: 0.8em;
-  color: navy;
-}
-td.hdlist2 {
-  vertical-align: top;
-}
-div.hdlist.compact tr {
-  margin: 0;
-  padding-bottom: 0;
-}
-
-.comment {
-  background: yellow;
-}
-
-.footnote, .footnoteref {
-  font-size: 0.8em;
-}
-
-span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
-  vertical-align: super;
-}
-
-#footnotes {
-  margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
-  padding: 7px 0 0 0;
-}
-
-#footnotes div.footnote {
-  margin: 0 0 5px 0;
-}
-
-#footnotes hr {
-  border: none;
-  border-top: 1px solid silver;
-  height: 1px;
-  text-align: left;
-  margin-left: 0;
-  width: 20%;
-  min-width: 100px;
-}
-
-div.colist td {
-  padding-right: 0.5em;
-  padding-bottom: 0.3em;
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-}
-div.colist td img {
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-
-@media print {
-  #footer-badges { display: none; }
-}
-
-#toc {
-  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
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-#toctitle {
-  color: #527bbd;
-  font-size: 1.1em;
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-  margin-top: 1.0em;
-  margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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-
-div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
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-  margin-left: 6em;
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-span.aqua { color: aqua; }
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-div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
-  border-style: none;
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-div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
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diff --git a/docs/html/linuxcnc.css b/docs/html/linuxcnc.css
deleted file mode 100644
index d9cf981f413..00000000000
--- a/docs/html/linuxcnc.css
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
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-body { margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%; }
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-}
-div.nav { float: right; background: #ffffff; }
-dt { font-weight: bold; color: #527bbd; margin-top: 0.5em; }
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-.typewriter { font-family: monospace; }
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-.toc li { list-style-type: none; }
-.toc li a { border: 1px solid transparent; text-indent: -1ex; }
-
-/* AsciiDoc stuff */
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-	color: #527bbd;
-	font-weight: bold;
-	margin-top: 0.5em;
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-}
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-dt.hdlist1 {
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-#footer { margin-top: 1em; border-top: 1px dashed silver;}
diff --git a/docs/html/minus.png b/docs/html/minus.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a6b790882b..00000000000
Binary files a/docs/html/minus.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/docs/html/plus.png b/docs/html/plus.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 0908e24d0cd..00000000000
Binary files a/docs/html/plus.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/docs/po/ar.po b/docs/po/ar.po
index 3cc4b3c78aa..b285d1b4d42 100644
--- a/docs/po/ar.po
+++ b/docs/po/ar.po
@@ -33738,7 +33738,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/bg.po b/docs/po/bg.po
index 33d140ac830..d65c7b6b65e 100644
--- a/docs/po/bg.po
+++ b/docs/po/bg.po
@@ -33712,7 +33712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ckb.po b/docs/po/ckb.po
index 298821dbf1e..c9ea643830a 100644
--- a/docs/po/ckb.po
+++ b/docs/po/ckb.po
@@ -33712,7 +33712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/cs.po b/docs/po/cs.po
index f4ed53139fd..f66ef3200a9 100644
--- a/docs/po/cs.po
+++ b/docs/po/cs.po
@@ -33716,7 +33716,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/da.po b/docs/po/da.po
index 27dd20094f5..2678f304f2f 100644
--- a/docs/po/da.po
+++ b/docs/po/da.po
@@ -33712,7 +33712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/de.po b/docs/po/de.po
index cecb59b6e77..428e0b292d5 100644
--- a/docs/po/de.po
+++ b/docs/po/de.po
@@ -42383,8 +42383,8 @@ msgstr "Klicke link:mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[hier] zum Herunterladen."
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
-msgstr "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgstr "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 
 #. type: delimited block =
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:164
diff --git a/docs/po/documentation.pot b/docs/po/documentation.pot
index 3eb5e44906d..a5210769c63 100644
--- a/docs/po/documentation.pot
+++ b/docs/po/documentation.pot
@@ -33894,7 +33894,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/es.po b/docs/po/es.po
index 6b91161a987..006944fcf3b 100644
--- a/docs/po/es.po
+++ b/docs/po/es.po
@@ -41136,7 +41136,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/fa.po b/docs/po/fa.po
index 46917a21515..debf71f3434 100644
--- a/docs/po/fa.po
+++ b/docs/po/fa.po
@@ -33715,7 +33715,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/fr.po b/docs/po/fr.po
index 645dec6c113..1c9a3cccc1b 100644
--- a/docs/po/fr.po
+++ b/docs/po/fr.po
@@ -39138,7 +39138,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/hu.po b/docs/po/hu.po
index 612e84b722b..18691497932 100644
--- a/docs/po/hu.po
+++ b/docs/po/hu.po
@@ -33731,7 +33731,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/it.po b/docs/po/it.po
index 373414c27fc..2e4732a67db 100644
--- a/docs/po/it.po
+++ b/docs/po/it.po
@@ -33723,7 +33723,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ka.po b/docs/po/ka.po
index 1e23c7e4039..5894beb2fce 100644
--- a/docs/po/ka.po
+++ b/docs/po/ka.po
@@ -33783,7 +33783,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ko.po b/docs/po/ko.po
index 1b9ec1b8b88..eb54390824f 100644
--- a/docs/po/ko.po
+++ b/docs/po/ko.po
@@ -33738,7 +33738,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/lv.po b/docs/po/lv.po
index 01b7f6b55e1..b32ba0c811d 100644
--- a/docs/po/lv.po
+++ b/docs/po/lv.po
@@ -33896,7 +33896,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/nb.po b/docs/po/nb.po
index d64b5405d1e..c926d2cd080 100644
--- a/docs/po/nb.po
+++ b/docs/po/nb.po
@@ -34558,7 +34558,7 @@ msgstr "Velg link:mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[her] for å laste ned."
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/pl.po b/docs/po/pl.po
index 71ed35f4c9e..d15402c4d7f 100644
--- a/docs/po/pl.po
+++ b/docs/po/pl.po
@@ -33712,7 +33712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/pt.po b/docs/po/pt.po
index d8748b94d59..42845e345b4 100644
--- a/docs/po/pt.po
+++ b/docs/po/pt.po
@@ -36178,8 +36178,8 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
-msgstr "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgstr "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 
 #. type: delimited block =
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:164
diff --git a/docs/po/pt_BR.po b/docs/po/pt_BR.po
index 9c53a57f8aa..b0658e16004 100644
--- a/docs/po/pt_BR.po
+++ b/docs/po/pt_BR.po
@@ -33912,7 +33912,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ro.po b/docs/po/ro.po
index d9d05506f11..8b438c37fa9 100644
--- a/docs/po/ro.po
+++ b/docs/po/ro.po
@@ -33737,7 +33737,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ru.po b/docs/po/ru.po
index a4aed8c8657..92e9ec994ec 100644
--- a/docs/po/ru.po
+++ b/docs/po/ru.po
@@ -38026,7 +38026,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/sai.po b/docs/po/sai.po
index 286df2e65b2..6cc42abf365 100644
--- a/docs/po/sai.po
+++ b/docs/po/sai.po
@@ -33712,7 +33712,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/sk.po b/docs/po/sk.po
index e085ba921d1..1100e5b2f8a 100644
--- a/docs/po/sk.po
+++ b/docs/po/sk.po
@@ -33730,7 +33730,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/sl.po b/docs/po/sl.po
index 664237211a0..1926cced289 100644
--- a/docs/po/sl.po
+++ b/docs/po/sl.po
@@ -33718,7 +33718,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/sv.po b/docs/po/sv.po
index 4e91d241567..dc6eec688fb 100644
--- a/docs/po/sv.po
+++ b/docs/po/sv.po
@@ -33721,7 +33721,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/ta.po b/docs/po/ta.po
index bdd519e288c..cd29958da17 100644
--- a/docs/po/ta.po
+++ b/docs/po/ta.po
@@ -42210,7 +42210,7 @@ msgstr "இணைப்பைக் சொடுக்கு செய்க: 
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr "அடங்கும் :: MB2HAL_HOWTO.INI []\n"
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/tr.po b/docs/po/tr.po
index a4a6cc2e7da..92e5e0b8c4b 100644
--- a/docs/po/tr.po
+++ b/docs/po/tr.po
@@ -33801,7 +33801,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/uk.po b/docs/po/uk.po
index ab63a91c0fd..cc54ea0591c 100644
--- a/docs/po/uk.po
+++ b/docs/po/uk.po
@@ -41781,8 +41781,8 @@ msgstr "Натисніть link:mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[тут] для завантаж
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
-msgstr "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgstr "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 
 #. type: delimited block =
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:164
diff --git a/docs/po/vi.po b/docs/po/vi.po
index ed4d5ad38c5..3b5120f005b 100644
--- a/docs/po/vi.po
+++ b/docs/po/vi.po
@@ -33767,7 +33767,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po/zh_CN.po b/docs/po/zh_CN.po
index 5eb5338fe28..db19239b5ea 100644
--- a/docs/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/docs/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -34158,7 +34158,7 @@ msgstr ""
 #. type: delimited block -
 #: src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc:156
 #, no-wrap
-msgid "include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
+msgid "include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]\n"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: delimited block =
diff --git a/docs/po4a.cfg b/docs/po4a.cfg
index 7550a595cac..ec9557b454c 100644
--- a/docs/po4a.cfg
+++ b/docs/po4a.cfg
@@ -21,355 +21,355 @@
 # always available.
 [po4a_alias:Text_def] text opt:"--keep 0"
 
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/Master_Developer.adoc $lang:src/$lang/Master_Developer.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/Master_Documentation.adoc $lang:src/$lang/Master_Documentation.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/Master_Getting_Started.adoc $lang:src/$lang/Master_Getting_Started.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/Master_Integrator.adoc $lang:src/$lang/Master_Integrator.adoc
-[type: xhtml_def] src/index.tmpl $lang:src/index_$lang.tmpl
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] help/rtfaults.adoc $lang:help/$lang/rtfaults.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] help/tklinuxcnc.adoc $lang:help/$lang/tklinuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/adding-configs.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/adding-configs.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/building-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/building-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/code-notes.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/code-notes.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/contributing-to-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/contributing-to-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/nml-messages.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/nml-messages.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/rs274.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/rs274.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/style-guide.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/style-guide.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gui/gui-dev-reference.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gui/gui-dev-reference.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/code/writing-tests.adoc $lang:src/$lang/code/writing-tests.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/common/emc-history.adoc $lang:src/$lang/common/emc-history.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/common/glossary.adoc $lang:src/$lang/common/glossary.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/common/gpld-copyright.adoc $lang:src/$lang/common/gpld-copyright.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/common/linux-faq.adoc $lang:src/$lang/common/linux-faq.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/common/overleaf.adoc $lang:src/$lang/common/overleaf.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/core-components.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/core-components.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/ini-config.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/ini-config.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/ini-homing.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/ini-homing.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/integrator-concepts.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/integrator-concepts.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/lathe-config.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/lathe-config.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/moveoff.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/moveoff.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/pncconf.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/pncconf.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/python-hal-interface.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/python-hal-interface.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/python-interface.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/python-interface.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/stepconf.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/stepconf.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/stepper.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/stepper.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/stepper-diagnostics.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/stepper-diagnostics.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/config/stepper-quickstart.adoc $lang:src/$lang/config/stepper-quickstart.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/ax5214h.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/ax5214h.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/gm.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/gm.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/gs2.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/gs2.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/hal_pi_gpio.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/hal_pi_gpio.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/hostmot2.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/hostmot2.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/hal_gpio.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/hal_gpio.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/mb2hal.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/mitsub-vfd.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/mitsub-vfd.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/motenc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/motenc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/opto22.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/opto22.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/pico-ppmc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/pico-ppmc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/pluto-p.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/pluto-p.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/pmx485.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/pmx485.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/servo-to-go.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/servo-to-go.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/shuttle.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/shuttle.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/drivers/vfs11.adoc $lang:src/$lang/drivers/vfs11.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/examples/gcode.adoc $lang:src/$lang/examples/gcode.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/examples/gs2-example.adoc $lang:src/$lang/examples/gs2-example.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/examples/mpg.adoc $lang:src/$lang/examples/mpg.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/examples/pci-parallel-port.adoc $lang:src/$lang/examples/pci-parallel-port.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/examples/spindle.adoc $lang:src/$lang/examples/spindle.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/coordinates.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/coordinates.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/g-code.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/g-code.adoc
-[type: xhtml_def] html/gcode.html $lang:html/$lang/gcode.html
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/machining-center.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/machining-center.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/m-code.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/m-code.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/o-code.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/o-code.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/other-code.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/other-code.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/overview.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/overview.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/rs274ngc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/rs274ngc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gcode/tool-compensation.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gcode/tool-compensation.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/about-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/about-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/getting-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/getting-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/running-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/running-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/system-requirements.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/system-requirements.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/hardware-interface.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/hardware-interface.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/getting-started/updating-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:src/$lang/getting-started/updating-linuxcnc.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gui/axis.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gui/axis.adoc
-[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/gui/filter-programs.adoc $lang:src/$lang/gui/filter-programs.adoc
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+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_is.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_is.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_list.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_list.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_get_msg_level.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_get_msg_level.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_module_param.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_module_param.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_mutex.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_mutex.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_open_as_root.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_open_as_root.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_outb.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_outb.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_parport.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_parport.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_pci.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_pci.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_print.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_print.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_prio.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_prio.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_region.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_region.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_shmem.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_shmem.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_slab.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_slab.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_snprintf.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_snprintf.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_stdint.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_stdint.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_string.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_string.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_strlcpy.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_strlcpy.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_task_new.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_task_new.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_task_pause.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_task_pause.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_task_self.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_task_self.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_task_start.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_task_start.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man3/rtapi_task_wait.3.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man3/rtapi_task_wait.3.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/at_pid.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/at_pid.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/classicladder.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/classicladder.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/counter.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/counter.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/debounce.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/debounce.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/encoder.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/encoder.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/encoder_ratio.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/encoder_ratio.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/gantrykins.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/gantrykins.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/gladevcp.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/gladevcp.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hal_bb_gpio.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hal_bb_gpio.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hal_parport.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hal_parport.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_7i43.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_7i43.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_7i90.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_7i90.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_eth.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_eth.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_pci.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_pci.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_rpspi.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_rpspi.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hm2_spi.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hm2_spi.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/hostmot2.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/hostmot2.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/kins.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/kins.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/lcd.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/lcd.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/lineardeltakins.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/lineardeltakins.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/motion.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/motion.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/opto_ac5.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/opto_ac5.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/rosekins.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/rosekins.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/sampler.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/sampler.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/setsserial.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/setsserial.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/siggen.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/siggen.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/sserial.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/sserial.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/stepgen.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/stepgen.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/streamer.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/streamer.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/supply.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/supply.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/threads.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/threads.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/watchdog.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/watchdog.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/man/man9/weighted_sum.9.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/man/man9/weighted_sum.9.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/5-axis-kinematics.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/5-axis-kinematics.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/dh-parameters.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/dh-parameters.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/external-offsets.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/external-offsets.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/kinematics.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/kinematics.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/pid-theory.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/pid-theory.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/switchkins.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/switchkins.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/motion/tweaking-steppers.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/motion/tweaking-steppers.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/plasma/plasma-cnc-primer.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/plasma/plasma-cnc-primer.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/plasma/qtplasmac.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/plasma/qtplasmac.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/remap/remap.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/remap/remap.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/tooldatabase/tooldatabase.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/tooldatabase/tooldatabase.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/user/starting-linuxcnc.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/user/starting-linuxcnc.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/user/user-concepts.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/user/user-concepts.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/user/user-foreword.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/user/user-foreword.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] src/user/user-intro.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/user/user-intro.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] README.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/README.adoc
+[type: AsciiDoc_def] INSTALL.adoc $lang:build/adoc/$lang/INSTALL.adoc
 
-[type: Text_def] src/gui/panelui_handler.py $lang:src/$lang/gui/panelui_handler.py
+[type: Text_def] src/gui/panelui_handler.py $lang:build/adoc/$lang/gui/panelui_handler.py
 
 [type: man_def] man/man1/pi500_vfd.1 $lang:man/$lang/man1/pi500_vfd.1
 [type: man_def] man/man1/thermistor.1 $lang:man/$lang/man1/thermistor.1
diff --git a/docs/src/.gitignore b/docs/src/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c221e4a4c3..00000000000
--- a/docs/src/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-*.tex
-*.xml
-!docs.xml
-!terms.xml
-drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
-*/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
-# Ignore po4a-generated files for other languages
-ar/*
-bg/*
-ckb/*
-cs/*
-da/*
-de/*
-es/*
-fr/*
-hu/*
-it/*
-ka/*
-nb/*
-pl/*
-pt/*
-pt_BR/*
-ro/*
-ru/*
-sai/*
-sk/*
-sv/*
-tr/*
-uk/*
-vi/*
-zh_CN/*
-index_*.tmpl
-man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc
-rouge-*.css
diff --git a/docs/src/Submakefile b/docs/src/Submakefile
index 59f6f65e379..68aeca40ca0 100644
--- a/docs/src/Submakefile
+++ b/docs/src/Submakefile
@@ -32,6 +32,24 @@ SRCDIR=../src
 DOC_DIR=../docs
 DOC_SRCDIR=../docs/src
 
+# Unified output tree.  All asciidoctor-generated artefacts (HTML, PDF,
+# po4a-translated .adoc) live under DOC_BUILD so the source tree stays
+# clean and the rendered docs can be tarballed or rsynced as one unit.
+#
+#	docs/build/html/index.html	# static redirect -> en/index.html
+#	docs/build/html/{asciidoctor,rouge-github,lcnc-overrides}.css
+#	docs/build/html/<lang>/index.html
+#	docs/build/html/<lang>/<topic>/<page>.html
+#	docs/build/html/<lang>/man/manN/<page>.html
+#	docs/build/html/<lang>/pdf/LinuxCNC_*[_<lang>].pdf
+#	docs/build/adoc/<lang>/...	# po4a-translated source tree
+#
+# Manpage troff stays at docs/man/ (input to docs build; also written by
+# halcompile and consumed by install-man / mandb).
+DOC_BUILD     := $(DOC_DIR)/build
+DOC_OUT_HTML  := $(DOC_BUILD)/html
+DOC_OUT_ADOC  := $(DOC_BUILD)/adoc
+
 ASCIIDOCTOR_DEFAULT_CSS := $(shell ruby -e 'require "asciidoctor"; print Asciidoctor::DATA_DIR' 2>/dev/null)/stylesheets/asciidoctor-default.css
 
 # The following line determines for the Makefile what languages should be addressed.
@@ -48,10 +66,23 @@ MAN_SRCS = $(sort \
 	$(wildcard $(DOC_DIR)/man/man9/*.9) \
 	$(GENERATED_MANPAGES))
 
-$(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc.in $(SRCDIR)/config.status
+$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc.in $(SRCDIR)/config.status
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	$(SRCDIR)/config.status --file=$@:$<
 
-../docs/man/man1/linuxcnc.1: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc
+# linuxcnc.1 troff comes from the build-tree-generated .adoc above; the
+# generic pattern rule at the end of this file expects sources under
+# $(DOC_DIR)/src/man/, so override with an explicit rule.
+../docs/man/man1/linuxcnc.1: $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc
+	$(ECHO) Making manpage $(notdir $@)
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	$(Q)asciidoctor --doctype=manpage \
+		--backend=manpage \
+		--destination-dir="$(dir $@)" \
+		-a compat-mode \
+		-a mansource=LinuxCNC \
+		-a manmanual='LinuxCNC Documentation' \
+		$<
 
 info::
 	@echo "I: Expecting the following languages: $(LANGUAGES)"
@@ -221,9 +252,8 @@ unknown))))))))))))
 endef
 
 GENERATED_TRANSLATED = $(foreach l, $(LANGUAGES), \
-	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/$(l) \
-	$(DOC_DIR)/help/$(l) \
-	$(DOC_DIR)/html/$(l) \
+	$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(l) \
+	$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(l) \
 	$(DOC_DIR)/man/$(l) \
 )
 
@@ -292,10 +322,10 @@ postatus::
 # fragility), and it does not include English-only sources like
 # drivers/mesa_modbus.adoc that are absent from the translation pipeline.
 TRANSLATED_DOC_SRCS := $(shell sed -nE 's|^\[type: AsciiDoc_def\] src/([^ ]+).*|\1|p' \
-    $(DOC_DIR)/po4a.cfg)
+	$(DOC_DIR)/po4a.cfg)
 $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),\
   $(eval DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$(L)) := \
-    $$(addprefix $(L)/,$$(TRANSLATED_DOC_SRCS))))
+	$$(addprefix $(L)/,$$(TRANSLATED_DOC_SRCS))))
 
 # Define combined DOC_SRCS from all languages.  Translated sources are
 # only pulled in when BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED=yes; otherwise the HTML / PDF
@@ -312,39 +342,58 @@ $(foreach L,en $(LANGUAGES),\
     $(filter-out Master_%,$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$(L))))))
 
 DOC_SRCS_HTML = $(patsubst %.adoc, %.html, $(foreach p, $(DOC_SRCS), $(if $(findstring Master_, $(p)),, $p)))
-DOC_TARGETS_HTML = $(addprefix $(DOC_DIR)/html/,$(DOC_SRCS_HTML)) #$(subst /,_,$(DOC_SRCS_HTML))
-DOC_TARGETS_XML = $(patsubst $(DOC_DIR)/html/%.html, objects/%.xml, $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML))
-
-# Per-language slices of DOC_TARGETS_XML / DOC_TARGETS_HTML, derived
-# from $(LANGUAGES) (which comes from po4a.cfg).  English is whatever
-# is left after every translated subtree is filtered out.
-$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),\
-  $(eval DOC_TARGETS_XML_$(call toUC,$(L)) = \
-    $$(foreach p,$$(DOC_TARGETS_XML),$$(if $$(findstring /$(L)/,$$(p)),$$(p)))))
-DOC_TARGETS_XML_EN = $(filter-out \
-    $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_TARGETS_XML_$(call toUC,$(L)))), \
-    $(DOC_TARGETS_XML))
-
-$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),\
-  $(eval DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(L)) = \
-    $$(foreach p,$$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML),$$(if $$(findstring /$(L)/,$$(p)),$$(p)))))
-DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN = $(filter-out \
-    $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(L)))), \
-    $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML))
 
-MAN_HTML_TARGETS = $(patsubst $(DOC_DIR)/man/%, $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/%.html, $(MAN_SRCS))
+# Per-language HTML target lists.  English files have no lang/ prefix in
+# their source path; translated files already include $(L)/ in DOC_SRCS_$L.
+# The English bucket gets an explicit en/ prefix so every language lives
+# under its own subtree under $(DOC_OUT_HTML).
+DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN := $(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/, \
+	$(filter-out $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(L)/%), \
+	$(patsubst %.adoc,%.html, \
+	$(filter-out Master_%, $(DOC_SRCS_EN)))))
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(L)) := \
+		$$(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/, \
+		$$(patsubst %.adoc,%.html, \
+		$$(filter-out $(L)/Master_%, $$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$(L))))))))
+DOC_TARGETS_HTML = $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN)
+ifeq ($(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED),yes)
+DOC_TARGETS_HTML += $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(L))))
+endif
 
-PDF_TARGETS_EN := $(addprefix $(DOC_DIR)/, $(patsubst %.adoc,%.pdf, \
-        $(subst Master_,LinuxCNC_, $(filter Master_%,$(DOC_SRCS_EN))))\
-        LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.pdf \
-        ) \
+DOC_TARGETS_XML_EN = $(patsubst $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/%.html, objects/%.xml, $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN))
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval DOC_TARGETS_XML_$(call toUC,$(L)) = \
+		$$(patsubst $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/%.html, objects/%.xml, $$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(L))))))
+DOC_TARGETS_XML = $(DOC_TARGETS_XML_EN)
+ifeq ($(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED),yes)
+DOC_TARGETS_XML += $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_TARGETS_XML_$(call toUC,$(L))))
+endif
 
-# Per-language PDF target lists, derived from $(LANGUAGES).
-$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),\
-  $(eval PDF_TARGETS_$(call toUC,$(L)) = \
-    $$(addprefix $$(DOC_DIR)/, $$(subst $(L)/,, \
-      $$(patsubst %.adoc,%_$(L).pdf, \
-      $$(subst Master_,LinuxCNC_, $$(filter $(L)/Master_%,$$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$(L))))))))))
+# Manpage HTML.  English manpages live at docs/build/html/en/man/manN/X.html;
+# translated manpages mirror the layout under their own lang dir.
+MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN := $(patsubst $(DOC_DIR)/man/%, $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/%.html, \
+	$(filter-out $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_DIR)/man/$(L)/%), $(MAN_SRCS)))
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval MAN_HTML_TARGETS_$(call toUC,$(L)) := \
+		$$(patsubst $(DOC_DIR)/man/$(L)/%, $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/man/%.html, \
+		$$(filter $(DOC_DIR)/man/$(L)/%, $$(MAN_SRCS)))))
+MAN_HTML_TARGETS = $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN) \
+	$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_$(call toUC,$(L))))
+
+# PDFs are subordinate to the HTML tree so the whole html/<lang> subtree
+# zips up portably with working relative pdf/ links.
+PDF_TARGETS_EN := $(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/, \
+	$(patsubst %.adoc,%.pdf, \
+	$(subst Master_,LinuxCNC_, $(filter Master_%,$(DOC_SRCS_EN)))) \
+	LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.pdf)
+
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval PDF_TARGETS_$(call toUC,$(L)) = \
+		$$(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/pdf/, \
+		$$(subst $(L)/,, \
+		$$(patsubst %.adoc,%_$(L).pdf, \
+		$$(subst Master_,LinuxCNC_, $$(filter $(L)/Master_%,$$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$(L))))))))))
 
 PDF_TARGETS = $(PDF_TARGETS_EN)
 ifeq ($(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED),yes)
@@ -360,10 +409,11 @@ info::
 HTML_TARGETS = \
 	$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML) \
 	$(MAN_HTML_TARGETS) \
-	$(DOC_DIR)/html/index.html \
-	$(sort $(patsubst $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index_%.tmpl, \
-		$(DOC_DIR)/html/%/index.html, \
-		$(wildcard $(DOC_DIR)/src/index_*.tmpl)))
+	$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/index.html \
+	$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/index.html \
+	$(sort $(patsubst $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/%/index.tmpl, \
+		$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/%/index.html, \
+		$(wildcard $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/*/index.tmpl)))
 
 ifeq ($(TRIVIAL_BUILD),no)
 -include $(patsubst %.adoc, depends/%.d, $(DOC_SRCS))
@@ -395,6 +445,15 @@ docs: htmldocs
 install-doc: install-doc-html
 endif
 
+# debian/linuxcnc-doc-en.docs installs docs/build/html/en/gcode.html, so the
+# English gcode reference must land in the build tree even when only PDF docs
+# are enabled (debian/configure passes --enable-build-documentation=pdf, so
+# .copy-asciidoc-stamp -- which lives under htmldocs -- does not fire).
+docs: $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gcode.html
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gcode.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/gcode.html
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	cp -f $< $@
+
 pdfdocs: svgs_made_from_dots $(PDF_TARGETS)
 	../scripts/make-docs-pdf-index
 
@@ -408,8 +467,8 @@ htmldocs: svgs_made_from_dots .htmldoc-stamp checkref_en
 # when depends/%.d is evaluated on a fresh tree) without rebuilding them
 # every time translateddocs ticks.
 ifeq ($(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED),yes)
-TRANSLATED_ADOC_TARGETS := $(addprefix $(DOC_SRCDIR)/, \
-    $(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS)))
+TRANSLATED_ADOC_TARGETS := $(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/, \
+	$(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS)))
 $(TRANSLATED_ADOC_TARGETS): | translateddocs ;
 endif
 
@@ -417,16 +476,29 @@ endif
 # gen_complist aliases: a phony prereq is always "newer", so naming them
 # re-touched .htmldoc-stamp every run, dragging checkref and the css copy
 # with it.  The stamps fire only when their real inputs change.
-.htmldoc-stamp: .copy-asciidoc-stamp $(DOC_DIR)/.gen_complist-stamp $(HTML_TARGETS) .images-stamp .include-stamp $(DOC_DIR)/html/asciidoctor.css $(DOC_DIR)/html/rouge-github.css
+.htmldoc-stamp: .copy-asciidoc-stamp $(DOC_DIR)/.gen_complist-stamp $(HTML_TARGETS) .images-stamp .include-stamp $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/asciidoctor.css $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/rouge-github.css
 	touch $@
 
-# Stamp-gated css/js copy; copy_asciidoc_files stays as a phony alias.
+# Shared assets at the top of the html tree.  Index templates and the
+# asciidoctor docinfo reference them via ../ relative paths so we ship
+# one copy regardless of how many languages render.  gcode.html is NOT
+# shared: po4a translates it per-language and the per-lang index links
+# to its sibling gcode.html.
+SHARED_HTML_ASSETS = \
+	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/lcnc-overrides.css \
+	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.css \
+	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/linuxcnc-logo-chips.png
+
+# Stamp-gated asset copy; copy_asciidoc_files stays as a phony alias.
+# The en/gcode.html copy lives in its own rule above so it fires for PDF-only
+# builds as well; .copy-asciidoc-stamp depends on it for HTML builds.
 copy_asciidoc_files: .copy-asciidoc-stamp
-.copy-asciidoc-stamp: $(wildcard /etc/asciidoc/stylesheets/*.css) $(wildcard /etc/asciidoc/javascripts/*.js) $(DOC_SRCDIR)/lcnc-overrides.css
-	if test -n "$^"; then cp -f $^ $(DOC_DIR)/html ; fi
+.copy-asciidoc-stamp: $(SHARED_HTML_ASSETS) $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gcode.html
+	@mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)
+	cp -f $(SHARED_HTML_ASSETS) $(DOC_OUT_HTML)
 	@touch $@
 
-$(DOC_DIR)/html/asciidoctor.css: $(ASCIIDOCTOR_DEFAULT_CSS)
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/asciidoctor.css: $(ASCIIDOCTOR_DEFAULT_CSS)
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	cp -f $< $@
 
@@ -435,25 +507,9 @@ $(DOC_DIR)/html/asciidoctor.css: $(ASCIIDOCTOR_DEFAULT_CSS)
 # the file when -a copycss! is set.  Render the theme via the Rouge API
 # so the spans asciidoctor emits get coloured.  Combine light + dark
 # variants (dark gated on prefers-color-scheme) into one file.
-$(DOC_DIR)/html/rouge-github.css:
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/rouge-github.css: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/render-rouge-css.rb
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	ruby -e ' \
-	  require "rouge"; \
-	  t = Rouge::Themes::Github; \
-	  if t.respond_to?(:light!) && t.respond_to?(:dark!); \
-	    t.light!; \
-	    puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render; \
-	    puts "@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {"; \
-	    t.dark!; \
-	    puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render; \
-	    puts "}"; \
-	  else \
-	    warn "rouge does not support theme modes (Rouge::Themes::Github.light!); dark mode code highlighting will use Monokai"; \
-	    puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render; \
-	    puts "@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {"; \
-	    puts Rouge::Themes::Monokai.new(scope: ".rouge").render; \
-	    puts "}"; \
-	  end' > $@
+	ruby $< > $@
 
 # Stamp-file gate.  The phony alias was running the python script on
 # every build, rewriting components_gen.adoc with a fresh mtime, which
@@ -467,7 +523,7 @@ $(DOC_DIR)/html/rouge-github.css:
 # bumping mtime past .pot and re-triggering po4a on the next build.
 # Broken-link validation against generated HTML is checkref's job.
 $(DOC_DIR)/.gen_complist-stamp: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/hal/components_gen.adoc $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS)
-	mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/hal
+	mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/hal
 	@touch $@
 
 gen_complist: $(DOC_DIR)/.gen_complist-stamp
@@ -481,14 +537,15 @@ checkref: $(CHECKREF_TARGETS)
 # so it only re-runs when the HTML changes.  .htmldoc-stamp is filtered out
 # of the args so the stamp file is not handed to the link checker.
 checkref_en: $(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-english-stamp
-$(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-english-stamp: $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN) $(DOC_DIR)/html/index.html $(DOC_DIR)/html/gcode.html .htmldoc-stamp
+$(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-english-stamp: $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN) $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/index.html $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gcode.html .htmldoc-stamp
 	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/checkref English $(filter %.html,$^)
 	@touch $@
 
-# Pattern rule for all languages
+# Pattern rule for all languages.  Per-lang gcode.html is po4a-translated
+# from src/gcode.html and lands as a sibling to each lang's index.html.
 checkref_%: $(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-%-stamp ;
 $(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-%-stamp: $$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$$(call uc,$$*)) \
-             $$(DOC_DIR)/html/%/gcode.html .htmldoc-stamp
+			 $$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/%/gcode.html .htmldoc-stamp
 	$(DOC_SRCDIR)/checkref $(call lang_name,$*) $(filter %.html,$$^)
 	@touch $@
 
@@ -510,89 +567,94 @@ PDF_MAN_ORDER := man1/linuxcnc.1 $(filter-out %/linuxcnc.1, $(filter man1/%, $(M
 # Files produced by pattern rules but not named as explicit goals are
 # treated as intermediate and deleted at the end of every build, which
 # triggers a full rebuild on the next invocation.  Two groups bite us:
-#  - per-language Master_*.pdf  (chain: .adoc -> %/Master_*.pdf
-#    -> LinuxCNC_*_<lang>.pdf)
-#  - the per-manpage HTML files  (chain: man/% -> html/man/%.html, used
-#    via $(HTML_TARGETS) but never as an explicit goal name)
+#	- per-language Master_*.pdf  (chain: .adoc -> %/Master_*.pdf
+#	-> LinuxCNC_*_<lang>.pdf)
+#	- the per-manpage HTML files  (chain: man/% -> html/man/%.html, used
+#	via $(HTML_TARGETS) but never as an explicit goal name)
 # Declaring them .SECONDARY keeps them on disk without affecting precious
 # -on-error semantics.
-.SECONDARY: $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(foreach D,Getting_Started Documentation Integrator Developer,$(DOC_SRCDIR)/$(L)/Master_$(D).pdf)) \
-            $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS)
-
-PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Getting_Started := $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started.pdf $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_$(L).pdf)
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_Getting_Started.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%/Master_Getting_Started.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-
-PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Documentation := $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation.pdf $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation_$(L).pdf)
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_Documentation.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation_%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%/Master_Documentation.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-
-PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Integrator := $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator.pdf $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator_$(L).pdf)
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_Integrator.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator_%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%/Master_Integrator.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-
-PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Developer := $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer.pdf $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer_$(L).pdf)
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_Developer.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer_%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%/Master_Developer.pdf
-	@ln -f $< $@
-
+.SECONDARY: $(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(foreach D,Getting_Started Documentation Integrator Developer,$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(L)/Master_$(D).pdf)) \
+			$(MAN_HTML_TARGETS)
+
+# Final PDFs are hardlinks into the html tree (cheap, idempotent) from
+# the asciidoctor-pdf intermediates: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_*.pdf for
+# English, $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/<lang>/Master_*.pdf for translations.
+define PDF_LINK_RULES
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_$(1).pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Master_$(1).pdf
+	@mkdir -p $$(dir $$@)
+	@ln -f $$< $$@
+endef
+$(foreach D,Getting_Started Documentation Integrator Developer, \
+	$(eval $(call PDF_LINK_RULES,$(D))))
 
-$(DOC_DIR)/html/man/%.html: $(DOC_DIR)/man/% $(DOC_SRCDIR)/docinfo.html
-	@$(ECHO) Formatting $(notdir $<) as HTML
-	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(Q)if grep -q '^\.so' $<; then \
-		ln -srf ../docs/html/man/$$(basename $$(dirname $<))/$$(basename $$(awk '{print $$2}' $<)).html $@; \
+define PDF_LINK_RULES_LANG
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(1)/pdf/LinuxCNC_$(2)_$(1).pdf: $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(1)/Master_$(2).pdf
+	@mkdir -p $$(dir $$@)
+	@ln -f $$< $$@
+endef
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(foreach D,Getting_Started Documentation Integrator Developer, \
+		$(eval $(call PDF_LINK_RULES_LANG,$(L),$(D)))))
+
+PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Getting_Started := $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started.pdf \
+	$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/pdf/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_$(L).pdf)
+PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Documentation := $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_Documentation.pdf \
+	$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/pdf/LinuxCNC_Documentation_$(L).pdf)
+PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Integrator := $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_Integrator.pdf \
+	$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/pdf/LinuxCNC_Integrator_$(L).pdf)
+PDF_TARGETS_LinuxCNC_Developer := $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_Developer.pdf \
+	$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(L)/pdf/LinuxCNC_Developer_$(L).pdf)
+
+
+# Manpage HTML rule, parameterised over language tag (en / de / ...).  The
+# English bucket reads troff from docs/man/manN; translated buckets read
+# from docs/man/<lang>/manN.  cssrel is ../../../ for both: each output
+# sits at docs/build/html/<lang>/man/manN/X.html (4 levels under html/).
+define MAN_HTML_RULE
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(1)/man/%.html: $(2)/% $(DOC_SRCDIR)/docinfo.html
+	@$$(ECHO) Formatting $$(notdir $$<) as HTML
+	@mkdir -p $$(dir $$@)
+	$$(Q)if grep -q '^\.so' $$<; then \
+		ln -srf $$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(1)/man/$$$$(basename $$$$(dirname $$<))/$$$$(basename $$$$(awk '{print $$$$2}' $$<)).html $$@; \
 	else \
-		N="$$(basename "$<").adoc"; \
-		D="$$(dirname "$<")"; \
-		S="$$(basename "$$D")"; \
-		if [ -r "$(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/$$S/$$N" ]; then \
-			F="$(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/$$S/$$N"; \
-		elif [ -r "objects/man/$$S/$$N" ]; then \
-			F="objects/man/$$S/$$N"; \
+		N="$$$$(basename "$$<").adoc"; \
+		D="$$$$(dirname "$$<")"; \
+		S="$$$$(basename "$$$$D")"; \
+		if [ -r "$(3)/man/$$$$S/$$$$N" ]; then \
+			F="$(3)/man/$$$$S/$$$$N"; \
+		elif [ -r "$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(1)/man/$$$$S/$$$$N" ]; then \
+			F="$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(1)/man/$$$$S/$$$$N"; \
+		elif [ -r "objects/man/$$$$S/$$$$N" ]; then \
+			F="objects/man/$$$$S/$$$$N"; \
 		else \
-			echo "Error: Cannot find manpage '$<' in adoc format"; \
+			echo "Error: Cannot find manpage '$$<' in adoc format"; \
 			exit 1; \
 		fi; \
 		asciidoctor \
-			-r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
-			-r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ngc.rb \
-			-r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ini.rb \
+			-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
+			-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ngc.rb \
+			-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ini.rb \
 			--doctype=manpage \
 			--backend=html5 \
 			-a compat-mode \
 			-a mansource=LinuxCNC \
 			-a manmanual='LinuxCNC Documentation' \
-			-a "lcnc-cssrel=../../" \
+			-a "lcnc-cssrel=../../../" \
 			-a docinfo=shared \
-			-a docinfodir=$(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR)) \
+			-a docinfodir=$$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR)) \
 			-a source-highlighter=rouge \
 			-a rouge-style=github \
 			-a webfonts! \
 			-a linkcss -a copycss! \
-			-a "stylesdir=../../" \
-			-o $@ \
-			"$$F" \
+			-a "stylesdir=../../../" \
+			-o $$@ \
+			"$$$$F" \
 			; \
 	fi;
+endef
+$(eval $(call MAN_HTML_RULE,en,$(DOC_DIR)/man,$(DOC_SRCDIR)))
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval $(call MAN_HTML_RULE,$(L),$(DOC_DIR)/man/$(L),$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(L))))
 
 #
 # This function appends a section to the "manpages" HTML fragment called
@@ -608,22 +670,22 @@ ADD_HTML_MANPAGES = \
 	echo "<div class=\"details-list\"><ul>" >> objects/index.incl; \
 	for HTML_FILE in $(sort $(3)); do \
 		BASENAME=$$(basename $$HTML_FILE .html); \
-		echo "<li><a href=\"$${HTML_FILE\#$(DOC_DIR)/html/}\">$${BASENAME%.*}</a></li>"; \
+		echo "<li><a href=\"$${HTML_FILE\#$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/}\">$${BASENAME%.*}</a></li>"; \
 	done >> objects/index.incl; \
 	echo "</ul></div></details>" >> objects/index.incl; \
 
 
 objects/index.incl: $(GENERATED_MANPAGES) objects/var-MAN_HTML_TARGETS $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Submakefile
 	rm -f $@
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 1, Commands and userspace components, $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man1/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS))) \
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 9, Realtime components and kernel modules, $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man9/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS))) \
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: HAL,      $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/hal%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS))) \
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: RTAPI,    $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/rtapi%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS))) \
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: Hostmot2, $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/hm2%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS))) \
-	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: General,  $(filter-out $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/hal%.html, $(filter-out $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/rtapi%.html, $(filter-out $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/hm2%.html, $(filter $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS)))))) \
-	# now make sure all manpages made it into the html index
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 1, Commands and userspace components, $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man1/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN))) \
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 9, Realtime components and kernel modules, $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man9/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN))) \
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: HAL,      $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/hal%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN))) \
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: RTAPI,    $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/rtapi%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN))) \
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: Hostmot2, $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/hm2%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN))) \
+	$(call ADD_HTML_MANPAGES, 3, API: General,  $(filter-out $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/hal%.html, $(filter-out $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/rtapi%.html, $(filter-out $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/hm2%.html, $(filter $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man3/%.html, $(MAN_HTML_TARGETS_EN)))))) \
+	# now make sure all English manpages made it into the html index
 	FAIL=0; \
-	for F in $$(find $(DOC_DIR)/man/man* -type f); do \
+	for F in $$(find $(DOC_DIR)/man/man* -maxdepth 2 -type f); do \
 		B=$$(basename $$F); \
 		if ! grep -q $$B $@; then \
 			FAIL=1; \
@@ -635,18 +697,29 @@ objects/index.incl: $(GENERATED_MANPAGES) objects/var-MAN_HTML_TARGETS $(DOC_SRC
 		fi; \
 	done; \
 	if [ $$FAIL -ne 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
-	mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man/images/
-	find $(DOC_DIR)/man -name "*.png" ! -name "grohtml*" -exec mv {} "$(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man/images/" \;
+	mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man/images/
+	find $(DOC_DIR)/man -maxdepth 3 -name "*.png" ! -name "grohtml*" -exec mv {} "$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/man/images/" \;
 
-$(DOC_DIR)/html/%/index.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index_%.tmpl ../VERSION $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.foot
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/%/index.html: $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/%/index.tmpl ../VERSION $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.foot
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	cat $(filter-out ../VERSION, $^) | \
 		sed "s/@VERSION@/`cat ../VERSION`/" | \
 		if [ "yes" != "$(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED)" ]; then sed '/@TRANSLATIONS@/,/@ENDTRANSLATIONS@/d' ; else grep -Ev '@(END)?TRANSLATIONS@'; fi > $@
 
-$(DOC_DIR)/html/index.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.tmpl objects/index.incl $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.foot ../VERSION $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Submakefile
+# Rich English landing page lives at <html>/en/index.html (sibling to the
+# translated <html>/<lang>/index.html files), generated from index.tmpl
+# plus the manpage index include.
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/index.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.tmpl objects/index.incl $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.foot ../VERSION $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Submakefile
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	(cat $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.tmpl objects/index.incl $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index.foot) | sed "s/@VERSION@/`cat ../VERSION`/"  | \
 		if [ "yes" != "$(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED)" ]; then sed '/@TRANSLATIONS@/,/@ENDTRANSLATIONS@/d' ; else grep -Ev '@(END)?TRANSLATIONS@'; fi > $@
 
+# Tree-root redirect: docs/build/html/index.html bounces to en/.  The
+# page is a checked-in static file under docs/src/; just copy it.
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/index.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/redirect-index.html
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@cp -f $< $@
+
 # PDF rule. Uses asciidoctor-pdf with our xref + image preprocessor
 # extensions and the LinuxCNC theme. The xref-root attribute is set
 # to the directory of the source file so each language tree gets
@@ -658,15 +731,15 @@ DOC_FONT_DIR  = objects/.fonts
 # and exported through Makefile.inc, so the build works on any distro
 # that ships the .ttc, not only the Debian path.
 CJK_TTFS      = $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/NotoSerifCJKsc-Regular.ttf \
-                $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/NotoSerifCJKsc-Bold.ttf
+				$(DOC_FONT_DIR)/NotoSerifCJKsc-Bold.ttf
 # DejaVu Sans Mono is the code-block font.  asciidoctor-pdf only looks for
 # fonts in pdf-fontsdir by filename, not via fontconfig, so discover the
 # files at build time and symlink them into DOC_FONT_DIR.  Keeps the
 # pdf-theme.yml portable (no absolute paths baked in).
 DEJAVU_TTFS   = $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono.ttf \
-                $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-Bold.ttf \
-                $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-Oblique.ttf \
-                $(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-BoldOblique.ttf
+				$(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-Bold.ttf \
+				$(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-Oblique.ttf \
+				$(DOC_FONT_DIR)/DejaVuSansMono-BoldOblique.ttf
 DOC_FONTS     = $(CJK_TTFS) $(DEJAVU_TTFS)
 
 # Build a TrueType (glyf-based) copy of the Simplified Chinese cut of the
@@ -710,46 +783,57 @@ $(eval $(call DEJAVU_RULE,DejaVuSansMono-BoldOblique.ttf,DejaVu Sans Mono:style=
 $(DOC_FONT_DIR):
 	@mkdir -p $@
 
-# svgs_made_from_dots is .PHONY; as a normal prereq it forces every PDF to
-# rebuild on every run.  Order-only (after the |) instead; the SVGs the PDF
-# embeds are tracked via .adoc-images-stamp.
-$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.adoc .adoc-images-stamp $(DOC_FONTS) | svgs_made_from_dots
-	$(ECHO) Building $@
-	@rm -f $@ $@.raw
-	$(Q)timeout 900 asciidoctor-pdf \
-		 -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/xref_resolver.rb \
-		 -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/image_resolver.rb \
-		 -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
-		 -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ngc.rb \
-		 -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ini.rb \
-		 --sourcemap \
-		 -a compat-mode \
-		 -a "doc-languages=$(LANGUAGES)" \
-		 -a xref-root=$(dir $<) \
-		 -a "xref-exclude=^($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/" \
-		 -a "scriptdir=$(DOC_SRCDIR)/" \
-		 -a "pdf-fontsdir=$(realpath $(DOC_FONT_DIR));GEM_FONTS_DIR" \
-		 -a "lversion=$(shell cat ../VERSION)" \
-		 -a toc -a numbered \
-		 -a pdf-theme=$(DOC_SRCDIR)/pdf-theme.yml \
-		 -a source-highlighter=rouge \
-		 -a rouge-style=github \
-		 -d book \
-		 -o $@.raw $< || (X=$$?; rm -f $@.raw; \
-		    if [ $$X -eq 124 ]; then echo "asciidoctor-pdf timed out after 15 min on $<"; fi; \
-		    exit $$X)
-	$(Q)gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.5 \
-		 -dPassThroughJPEGImages=true \
-		 -dDownsampleColorImages=false \
-		 -dDownsampleGrayImages=false \
-		 -dDownsampleMonoImages=false \
-		 -dAutoFilterColorImages=false -dColorImageFilter=/FlateEncode \
-		 -dAutoFilterGrayImages=false  -dGrayImageFilter=/FlateEncode \
-		 -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH \
-		 -sOutputFile=$@ $@.raw \
-		 && rm -f $@.raw \
-		 || (X=$$?; rm -f $@ $@.raw; exit $$X)
-	@test -f $@
+# Master_*.adoc -> Master_*.pdf via asciidoctor-pdf.  Two rules with
+# identical bodies: English sources are read from $(DOC_SRCDIR) and need
+# an xref-exclude that filters out the translated language subtrees;
+# translated sources are read from $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/<lang> (po4a output)
+# and are rooted inside their own lang dir, so the exclude is empty.
+#
+# svgs_made_from_dots is .PHONY; as a normal prereq it forces every PDF
+# to rebuild on every run.  Order-only (after the |) instead; the SVGs
+# the PDF embeds are tracked via .adoc-images-stamp.
+define ASCIIDOCTOR_PDF_RULE
+$(1)/%.pdf: $(1)/%.adoc .adoc-images-stamp $$(DOC_FONTS) | svgs_made_from_dots
+	$$(ECHO) Building $$@
+	@rm -f $$@ $$@.raw
+	$$(Q)timeout 900 asciidoctor-pdf \
+		-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/xref_resolver.rb \
+		-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/image_resolver.rb \
+		-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
+		-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ngc.rb \
+		-r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ini.rb \
+		--sourcemap \
+		-a compat-mode \
+		-a "doc-languages=$$(LANGUAGES)" \
+		-a xref-root=$$(dir $$<) \
+		-a "xref-exclude=$(2)" \
+		-a "scriptdir=$$(DOC_SRCDIR)/" \
+		-a "fixturedir=$$(realpath $$(DOC_OUT_ADOC))/$(3)" \
+		-a "pdf-fontsdir=$$(realpath $$(DOC_FONT_DIR));GEM_FONTS_DIR" \
+		-a "lversion=$$(shell cat ../VERSION)" \
+		-a toc -a numbered \
+		-a pdf-theme=$$(DOC_SRCDIR)/pdf-theme.yml \
+		-a source-highlighter=rouge \
+		-a rouge-style=github \
+		-d book \
+		-o $$@.raw $$< || (X=$$$$?; rm -f $$@.raw; \
+		if [ $$$$X -eq 124 ]; then echo "asciidoctor-pdf timed out after 15 min on $$<"; fi; \
+		exit $$$$X)
+	$$(Q)gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.5 \
+		-dPassThroughJPEGImages=true \
+		-dDownsampleColorImages=false \
+		-dDownsampleGrayImages=false \
+		-dDownsampleMonoImages=false \
+		-dAutoFilterColorImages=false -dColorImageFilter=/FlateEncode \
+		-dAutoFilterGrayImages=false  -dGrayImageFilter=/FlateEncode \
+		-dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH \
+		-sOutputFile=$$@ $$@.raw \
+		&& rm -f $$@.raw \
+		|| (X=$$$$?; rm -f $$@ $$@.raw; exit $$$$X)
+	@test -f $$@
+endef
+$(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_PDF_RULE,$(DOC_SRCDIR),^($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/,en))
+$(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_PDF_RULE,$(DOC_OUT_ADOC),,$$(firstword $$(subst /, ,$$*))))
 
 # Manual pages PDF: previously produced from the generated troff files
 # with groff + ps2pdf, which lost syntax highlighting on code samples.
@@ -759,7 +843,7 @@ $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.pdf: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.adoc .adoc-images-stamp $(DOC_FONTS) | svgs
 # with a hard page break between entries.  Component pages whose .adoc
 # lives in objects/man/ (built by halcompile) are picked up alongside
 # the native ones in docs/src/man/.
-objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc: objects/var-PDF_MAN_ORDER $(MAN_SRCS) $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Submakefile
+objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc: objects/var-PDF_MAN_ORDER $(MAN_SRCS) $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc $(DOC_SRCDIR)/Submakefile
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(Q){ \
 	    echo "= LinuxCNC Manual Pages"; \
@@ -771,6 +855,8 @@ objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc: objects/var-PDF_MAN_ORDER $(MAN_SRCS) $(DOC_
 	    for M in $(PDF_MAN_ORDER); do \
 	        if   [ -r "$(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/$$M.adoc" ]; then \
 	            echo "include::$(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/man/$$M.adoc[leveloffset=+1]"; \
+	        elif [ -r "$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/man/$$M.adoc" ]; then \
+	            echo "include::$(realpath $(DOC_OUT_ADOC))/en/man/$$M.adoc[leveloffset=+1]"; \
 	        elif [ -r "objects/man/$$M.adoc" ]; then \
 	            echo "include::$(realpath objects)/man/$$M.adoc[leveloffset=+1]"; \
 	        else \
@@ -783,8 +869,9 @@ objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc: objects/var-PDF_MAN_ORDER $(MAN_SRCS) $(DOC_
 	} > $@.tmp
 	$(Q)mv -f $@.tmp $@
 
-$(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.pdf: objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc $(DOC_FONTS)
+$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/pdf/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.pdf: objects/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.adoc $(DOC_FONTS)
 	@$(ECHO) Formatting manual pages as PDF
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	@rm -f $@ $@.raw
 	$(Q)timeout 900 asciidoctor-pdf \
 	    -r $(realpath $(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
@@ -821,22 +908,54 @@ depends/%.d: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.adoc $(DOC_SRCDIR)/asciideps .include-stamp
 	$(Q)$(DOC_SRCDIR)/asciideps $< > $@.tmp
 	@mv $@.tmp $@
 
-$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML): $(DOC_DIR)/html/%.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html
-	@d=`dirname $*`; \
-	mkdir -p $(shell dirname $@)
+# Translated .adoc lives in $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/<lang>/; same recipe, just a
+# different source dir so the per-language depends/<lang>/X.d targets
+# resolve.  The pattern only matches paths starting with a known language
+# tag, so the English depends/%.d above wins for non-translated entries.
+define TRANSLATED_DEP_RULE
+depends/$(1)/%.d: $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(1)/%.adoc $(DOC_SRCDIR)/asciideps .include-stamp
+	$$(ECHO) Depending $$<
+	@mkdir -p $$(dir $$@)
+	$$(Q)$$(DOC_SRCDIR)/asciideps $$< > $$@.tmp
+	@mv $$@.tmp $$@
+endef
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(eval $(call TRANSLATED_DEP_RULE,$(L))))
+
+# English: copy from intermediate $(DOC_SRCDIR)/<topic>/X.html to
+# $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/<topic>/X.html.  Translated: copy from $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/<lang>/<topic>/X.html
+# to $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/<lang>/<topic>/X.html (the asciidoctor pattern rule
+# emits the .html sibling to the .adoc; no separate copy step needed for
+# translations).  We model both with one static pattern set per lang.
+$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_EN): $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/%.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	@cp $< $@
 
+define HTML_COPY_RULE
+$(DOC_TARGETS_HTML_$(call toUC,$(1))): $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$(1)/%.html: $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(1)/%.html
+	@mkdir -p $$(dir $$@)
+	@cp $$< $$@
+endef
+$(foreach L,$(LANGUAGES),$(eval $(call HTML_COPY_RULE,$(L))))
+
 .images-stamp: .adoc-images-stamp .html-images-stamp
 	touch $@
 
+# Image copy from sources into the output tree.  HTML files for English
+# live at $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/<topic>/X.html; for translations at
+# $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/<lang>/<topic>/X.html.  The source images are in
+# $(DOC_SRCDIR)/<topic>/ regardless of language (translations are
+# image-symlinked to English originals via the sed below).
 .html-images-stamp: $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML)
 	set -e; for HTML_FILE in $^; do \
-		HTML_DIR=$$(basename $$(dirname $$HTML_FILE)); \
+		HTML_REL=$$(echo $$HTML_FILE | sed 's%^$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/%%'); \
+		LANG=$$(echo $$HTML_REL | cut -d/ -f1); \
+		REST=$$(echo $$HTML_REL | cut -d/ -f2-); \
+		HTML_DIR=$$(dirname $$REST | cut -d/ -f1); \
 		for IMAGE_FILE in $$(grep -oE 'src="[^"]+"' $$HTML_FILE | sed 's/src="//;s/"$$//' | grep -vE '^https?:|^data:|^/'); do \
 			IMAGE_DIR=$$(dirname $$IMAGE_FILE); \
-			IMAGE_PATH=$$(echo $(DOC_SRCDIR)/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE | sed -E 's%/src/($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/%/src/%'); \
-			mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
-			cp -f $$IMAGE_PATH $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
+			IMAGE_PATH=$(DOC_SRCDIR)/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
+			mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$LANG/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
+			cp -f $$IMAGE_PATH $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$LANG/$$HTML_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
 		done; \
 	done > $@.new && mv $@.new $@
 
@@ -845,21 +964,21 @@ $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML): $(DOC_DIR)/html/%.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html
 # build can find it without ../.. paths.
 .include-stamp: hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt
 	(set -x; set -e; \
-	cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_DIR)/src/drivers/;\
-	mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/drivers/; \
-	cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_DIR)/html/drivers/;\
-	cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_DIR)/src/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt;\
-	mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/gui/; \
-	cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_DIR)/html/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt;\
+	mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/drivers/; \
+	cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/en/drivers/;\
+	mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/drivers/; \
+	cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/drivers/;\
+	mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gui/; \
+	cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt;\
 	for lang in $(LANGUAGES); do \
-		mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/src/$$lang/drivers/; \
-		mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$lang/drivers/; \
-		cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_DIR)/src/$$lang/drivers/ ; \
-		cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$lang/drivers/ ; \
-		mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/src/$$lang/gui/; \
-		mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$lang/gui/; \
-		cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_DIR)/src/$$lang/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt ; \
-		cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$lang/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt ; \
+		mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$lang/drivers/; \
+		mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$lang/drivers/; \
+		cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$lang/drivers/ ; \
+		cp -f hal/user_comps/mb2hal/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$lang/drivers/ ; \
+		mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$lang/gui/; \
+		mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$lang/gui/; \
+		cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$lang/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt ; \
+		cp -f emc/usr_intf/gmoccapy/release_notes.txt $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$lang/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt ; \
 	done) > $@.new && mv $@.new $@
 
 # Copy all images used by translated adoc files into the directories
@@ -869,17 +988,17 @@ $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML): $(DOC_DIR)/html/%.html: $(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html
 ifeq ($(BUILD_DOCS_TRANSLATED),yes)
 ADOC_IMAGES_STAMP_DEPS := $(DOC_DIR)/.translateddocs-stamp
 endif
-.adoc-images-stamp: $(ADOC_IMAGES_STAMP_DEPS) $(addprefix $(DOC_SRCDIR)/, $(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS)))
-	set -e; for ADOC_FILE in $(addprefix $(DOC_SRCDIR)/, $(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS))); do \
-		ADOC_DIR=$$(echo $$(dirname $$ADOC_FILE) | sed s%$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%% ); \
+.adoc-images-stamp: $(ADOC_IMAGES_STAMP_DEPS) $(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/, $(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS)))
+	set -e; for ADOC_FILE in $(addprefix $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/, $(filter-out $(DOC_SRCS_EN), $(DOC_SRCS))); do \
+		ADOC_DIR=$$(echo $$(dirname $$ADOC_FILE) | sed s%$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/%% ); \
 		echo Processing $$ADOC_FILE, dir $$ADOC_DIR; \
 		for IMAGE_FILE in $$(grep -E ^image:[^[:space:]] $$ADOC_FILE | sed -E "s/image:+([^[]+)\[/\nimage:\1\n/g" | grep image: | cut -d: -f2-); do \
 			IMAGE_DIR=$$(dirname $$IMAGE_FILE); \
 			IMAGE_PATH=$$(echo $(DOC_SRCDIR)/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE | sed -E 's%/src/($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/%/src/%'); \
-			TIMAGE_PATH=$(DOC_DIR)/src/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
-			HIMAGE_PATH=$(DOC_DIR)/html/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
-			mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/src/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
-			mkdir -p $(DOC_DIR)/html/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
+			TIMAGE_PATH=$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
+			HIMAGE_PATH=$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_FILE; \
+			mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
+			mkdir -p $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/$$ADOC_DIR/$$IMAGE_DIR; \
 			if [ ! -e $$TIMAGE_PATH ] ; then \
 				echo "Generating $$TIMAGE_PATH for $$ADOC_FILE"; \
 				cp -f $$IMAGE_PATH $$TIMAGE_PATH; \
@@ -888,23 +1007,32 @@ endif
 		done; \
 	done > $@.new && mv $@.new $@
 
-# Relative path from this html target back to DOC_SRCDIR, used to point
-# the lcnc-overrides.css <link> in docinfo.html at the right place.
-$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html: LCNC_CSSREL=$(shell python3 -c "print('../' * '$*'.count('/'))")
-
-# asciidoctor HTML rule used for every language. $1 is the language tag
-# in lowercase (en, ar, de, ...); $2 is the directory the xref index is
-# rooted at (the source tree root for the language).
+# Relative path from this html target back to $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/, used to
+# point the lcnc-overrides.css <link> in docinfo.html at the right place.
+# Every output now lives under a $(DOC_OUT_HTML)/<lang>/ subtree, so depth
+# is one greater than the topic-relative slash count.
+$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html: LCNC_CSSREL=$(shell python3 -c "print('../' * (1 + '$*'.count('/')))")
+$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/%.html: LCNC_CSSREL=$(shell python3 -c "print('../' * '$*'.count('/'))")
+
+# asciidoctor HTML rule used for every language.
+#	$1 lang tag (en, de, ...)
+#	$2 source root: $(DOC_SRCDIR) for English (DOC_SRCS_EN paths have no
+#	lang/ prefix); $(DOC_OUT_ADOC) for translations (DOC_SRCS_<L> paths
+#	include the leading $(L)/).
+#	$3 xref-root: the language's own subtree (for English same as $2).
+#	$4 xref-exclude pattern (English filters all lang subdirs; translated
+#	trees are rooted inside their own lang dir so the exclude is empty).
 define ASCIIDOCTOR_HTML_RULE
-$$(patsubst %.adoc,$$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html,$$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$1)_SMALL)): $$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html: $$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.adoc $$(DOC_SRCDIR)/docinfo.html
+$$(patsubst %.adoc,$2/%.html,$$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$1)_SMALL)): $2/%.html: $2/%.adoc $$(DOC_SRCDIR)/docinfo.html
 	$$(ECHO) "Building '$1' adoc to html: " $$<
 	$$(Q)asciidoctor -r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/xref_resolver.rb \
 		 -r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_hal.rb \
 		 -r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ngc.rb \
 		 -r $$(realpath $$(DOC_SRCDIR))/extensions/rouge_ini.rb \
 		 -a compat-mode \
-		 -a xref-root=$2 \
-		 -a "xref-exclude=$3" \
+		 -a xref-root=$3 \
+		 -a "xref-exclude=$4" \
+		 -a "fixturedir=$$(realpath $$(DOC_OUT_ADOC))/$1" \
 		 -a "relindir=$$(shell dirname $$*)" \
 		 -a "lcnc-cssrel=$$(LCNC_CSSREL)" \
 		 -a docinfo=shared \
@@ -918,12 +1046,9 @@ $$(patsubst %.adoc,$$(DOC_SRCDIR)/%.html,$$(DOC_SRCS_$(call toUC,$1)_SMALL)): $$
 		 -o $$@ $$< || (X=$$$$?; rm -f $$@; exit $$$$X)
 endef
 
-# English is rooted at the doc tree root so it must exclude all language
-# subdirs from its xref index. Translated languages are rooted at their
-# own subtree so the exclude is empty.
-$(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_HTML_RULE,en,$(DOC_SRCDIR),^($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/))
-$(foreach lang,$(LANGUAGES),\
-    $(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_HTML_RULE,$(lang),$(DOC_SRCDIR)/$(lang))))
+$(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_HTML_RULE,en,$(DOC_SRCDIR),$(DOC_SRCDIR),^($(LANGUAGES_MATCH))/))
+$(foreach lang,$(LANGUAGES), \
+	$(eval $(call ASCIIDOCTOR_HTML_RULE,$(lang),$(DOC_OUT_ADOC),$(DOC_OUT_ADOC)/$(lang),)))
 
 
 default: docs
@@ -934,50 +1059,14 @@ install-doc-pdf:
 
 install-doc-html:
 	$(DIR) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
-	cp -a $(DOC_DIR)/html $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
+	cp -a $(DOC_OUT_HTML) $(DESTDIR)$(docsdir)
 
 docclean:
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Getting_Started_*.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Documentation_*.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Integrator_*.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Developer_*.pdf
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/LinuxCNC_Manual_Pages.pdf
+	-rm -rf $(DOC_BUILD)
 	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/*.d
 	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/*.pdf
 	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/*/*.html
-	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/index_*.tmpl
-	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
-	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/*/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
-	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
-	-rm -f $(DOC_SRCDIR)/*/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/*/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini
 	-rm -rf $(DOC_FONT_DIR)
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/*/gui/gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/code/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/common/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/config/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/drivers/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/examples/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/gcode/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/getting-started/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/gui/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/hal/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/install/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/ladder/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/lathe/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/motion/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/plasma/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/remap/images/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man1/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man3/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/html/man/man9/*.*
-	-rm -f $(DOC_TARGETS_HTML) $(DOC_DIR)/html/xref*.html $(DOC_DIR)/html/index*.html $(DOC_DIR)/*.png $(DOC_DIR)/man/*.png
 	-rm -f .htmldoc-stamp
 	-rm -f .copy-asciidoc-stamp
 	-rm -f .adoc-images-stamp
@@ -988,14 +1077,13 @@ docclean:
 	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/.gen_complist-stamp
 	-rm -f $(DOC_DIR)/.checkref-*-stamp
 	-rm -f $(DOTFILES:.dot=.svg)
-	$(RM) $(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc
 
 
 MAN_DEPS := $(patsubst $(DOC_DIR)/man/%, depends/%.d, $(MAN_SRCS))
 $(MAN_DEPS): depends/%.d: $(DOC_DIR)/man/%
 	@echo Depending $(notdir $<)
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(Q)echo -n "$(DOC_DIR)/html/man/$*.html: $<" > $@.tmp
+	$(Q)echo -n "$(DOC_OUT_HTML)/en/man/$*.html: $<" > $@.tmp
 	$(Q)grep '^\.so ' $< | awk '{ if ($$2 ~ /\//) printf " \\\n\t$(DOC_DIR)/man/%s", $$2; else printf " \\\n\t$(DOC_DIR)/man/$(*D)/%s", $$2 }' >> $@.tmp
 	$(Q)echo >> $@.tmp
 	$(Q)mv -f $@.tmp $@
@@ -1026,7 +1114,6 @@ docs:
 	$(error Cannot build documents, missing AsciiDoc or some other required program, or explicitly disabled in configure)
 
 clean:
-	$(RM) $(DOC_SRCDIR)/man/man1/linuxcnc.1.adoc
 endif
 
 manpages: $(GENERATED_MANPAGES)
diff --git a/docs/src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc b/docs/src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc
index d82568e76f0..0f42bbf1f59 100644
--- a/docs/src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc
+++ b/docs/src/drivers/mb2hal.adoc
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Click link:mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[here] to download.
 
 [source,ini]
 ----
-include::mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]
+include::{fixturedir}/drivers/mb2hal_HOWTO.ini[]
 ----
 
 == Pins
diff --git a/docs/html/gcode.html b/docs/src/gcode.html
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/html/gcode.html
rename to docs/src/gcode.html
diff --git a/docs/src/gen_complist.py b/docs/src/gen_complist.py
index bcb02363005..2e2b179969f 100644
--- a/docs/src/gen_complist.py
+++ b/docs/src/gen_complist.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def add_links(lines, add_descr):
             splitted = line.split('|')
             if 'link:' in splitted[1]:
                 link = re.search('(?<=link:).*(?=\\[)', splitted[1]).group()
-                if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join('../docs/html/hal', link)):
+                if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join('../docs/build/html/en/hal', link)):
                     print('gen_complist: Broken link:', link)
             else:
                 comp_man = splitted[1].strip(' ')
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def generate_complist(complist_path):
                 if 'link:' in splitted[1]:
                     link = re.search('(?<=link:).*(?=\\[)', splitted[1]).group()
                     comp_man = re.search("[a-zA-Z0-9-_\\.]+(?=\\.html)", link).group()
-                    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join('../docs/html/hal', link)):
+                    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join('../docs/build/html/en/hal', link)):
                         complist_doc.add(comp_man)
                     else:
                         print('gen_complist: Broken link:', link, file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/docs/src/gui/.gitignore b/docs/src/gui/.gitignore
index 0aa95f821af..f31cf27ccec 100644
--- a/docs/src/gui/.gitignore
+++ b/docs/src/gui/.gitignore
@@ -6,5 +6,4 @@ mini
 mini.tex
 tkemc
 tkemc.tex
-image-to-gcode.tex
-gmoccapy_release_notes.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+image-to-gcode.tex
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/html/index.css b/docs/src/index.css
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/html/index.css
rename to docs/src/index.css
diff --git a/docs/src/index.tmpl b/docs/src/index.tmpl
index e6f2d57b049..f8400987193 100644
--- a/docs/src/index.tmpl
+++ b/docs/src/index.tmpl
@@ -4,29 +4,29 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
 <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
 <title>LinuxCNC</title>
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css"/>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="lcnc-overrides.css"/>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../index.css"/>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../lcnc-overrides.css"/>
 </head>
 <body>
 <!-- Even though this template file will open in a browser do not open it in a browser it to test changes
      open the /html/index.html file in your browser after building the documents
      If this is the .html file do not edit it, edit the .tmpl file then build the documents -->
 <div style="text-align: center">
-  <img src="linuxcnc-logo-chips.png" alt="LinuxCNC Logo" width="175"/>
+  <img src="../linuxcnc-logo-chips.png" alt="LinuxCNC Logo" width="175"/>
 </div>
 
 @TRANSLATIONS@
 <p>Translations:
-<a href="ar/">Arabic</a>
-<a href="de/">Deutsch</a>
-<a href="es/">Espa&ntilde;ol</a>
-<a href="fr/">Français</a>
-<a href="nb/">Norsk bokm&aring;l</a>
-<a href="ru/">Russian</a>
-<a href="sv/">Svensk</a>
-<!-- <a href="ta/">Tamil</a> -->
-<a href="uk/">Ukranian</a>
-<a href="zh_CN/">中文</a>
+<a href="../ar/">Arabic</a>
+<a href="../de/">Deutsch</a>
+<a href="../es/">Espa&ntilde;ol</a>
+<a href="../fr/">Français</a>
+<a href="../nb/">Norsk bokm&aring;l</a>
+<a href="../ru/">Russian</a>
+<a href="../sv/">Svensk</a>
+<!-- <a href="../ta/">Tamil</a> -->
+<a href="../uk/">Ukranian</a>
+<a href="../zh_CN/">中文</a>
 </p>
 @ENDTRANSLATIONS@
 
diff --git a/docs/html/linuxcnc-logo-chips.png b/docs/src/linuxcnc-logo-chips.png
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/html/linuxcnc-logo-chips.png
rename to docs/src/linuxcnc-logo-chips.png
diff --git a/docs/src/redirect-index.html b/docs/src/redirect-index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c730f9d8ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/src/redirect-index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>LinuxCNC Documentation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=en/index.html">
+<link rel="canonical" href="en/index.html">
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>Redirecting to <a href="en/index.html">English documentation</a>.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/docs/src/render-rouge-css.rb b/docs/src/render-rouge-css.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..158b84fde07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/src/render-rouge-css.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# Render the Rouge github theme as CSS scoped to .rouge spans.  Light
+# variant first, dark variant gated on prefers-color-scheme.  Older
+# Rouge releases lack the light!/dark! mode switch, so we fall back to
+# Monokai for the dark cut and warn.
+require "rouge"
+
+t = Rouge::Themes::Github
+if t.respond_to?(:light!) && t.respond_to?(:dark!)
+  t.light!
+  puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render
+  puts "@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {"
+  t.dark!
+  puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render
+  puts "}"
+else
+  warn "rouge does not support theme modes (Rouge::Themes::Github.light!); dark mode code highlighting will use Monokai"
+  puts t.new(scope: ".rouge").render
+  puts "@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {"
+  puts Rouge::Themes::Monokai.new(scope: ".rouge").render
+  puts "}"
+end
diff --git a/scripts/make-docs-pdf-index b/scripts/make-docs-pdf-index
index f2f286326ca..da03005e394 100755
--- a/scripts/make-docs-pdf-index
+++ b/scripts/make-docs-pdf-index
@@ -9,23 +9,23 @@ set -e
 # --show-toplevel` because when building from dsc we don't have a
 # git repo.
 TOPLEVEL=${PWD}/..
-cd "${TOPLEVEL}"/docs
+cd "${TOPLEVEL}"/docs/build/html
 
 TITLE="LinuxCNC PDF docs ($(cat "${TOPLEVEL}"/VERSION))"
-
-rm -f index.html
+PDF_INDEX=pdf-index.html
+rm -f "${PDF_INDEX}"
 
 {
     echo "<html>"
     echo "<head><title>${TITLE}</title></head>"
     echo "<body><h1>${TITLE}</h1><p>"
-} >> index.html
+} >> "${PDF_INDEX}"
 
-for F in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.pdf' | sort); do
-    echo "    <a href=\"${F}\">$F</a><br>" >> index.html
+for F in $(find . -mindepth 2 -name '*.pdf' | sort); do
+    echo "    <a href=\"${F#./}\">${F#./}</a><br>" >> "${PDF_INDEX}"
 done
 
 {
     echo "</body>"
     echo "</html>"
-} >> index.html
+} >> "${PDF_INDEX}"