From fa9f338f9b3f87ef0bcd2f36ac7d00567692d454 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2026 14:16:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] fix: change rust version and add gix

---
 backend/Cargo.lock             | 3102 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 backend/Cargo.toml             |    2 +-
 backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml |    1 +
 3 files changed, 2999 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/Cargo.lock b/backend/Cargo.lock
index 94186abdf..0a8ad6631 100644
--- a/backend/Cargo.lock
+++ b/backend/Cargo.lock
@@ -11,191 +11,2524 @@ dependencies = [
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 dependencies = [
- "unicode-ident",
+ "aws-lc-rs",
+ "ring",
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+ "untrusted",
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+
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 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
+ "winapi-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "schannel"
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-checksum = "ad8553b9b26413251cbf30e620595c7a41b3887f03da04579c0e6b0d6a06b4b2"
+checksum = "91c1b7e4904c873ef0710c1f407dde2e6287de2bebc1bbbf7d430bb7cbffd939"
 dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
- "memchr",
- "regex-syntax",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
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 [[package]]
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+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7f4bc775c73d9a02cde8bf7b2ec4c9d12743edf609006c7facc23998404cd1d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "security-framework-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "security-framework-sys"
+version = "2.17.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2691df843ecc5d231c0b14ece2acc3efb62c0a398c7e1d875f3983ce020e3"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
@@ -249,6 +2582,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sha1"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a978451301f4db1d02937a4ab3ccce137717b81826e79b7d49ffe3244a13c3b8"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures 0.2.17",
+ "digest",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "89f599ac0c323ebb1c6082821a54962b839832b03984598375bff3975b804423"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest",
+ "sha1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sharded-slab"
 version = "0.1.7"
@@ -258,6 +2612,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "shlex"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f8fadd59c855ef2080decdef8ff161eb6661b86933c9d82e5ba29dc602a55aba"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b29ffa27d3d59a049bb328258de100f8012848d1b08d444e08bbc02ac468435e"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook-registry"
 version = "1.4.8"
@@ -268,6 +2638,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simd_cesu8"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11031e251abf8611c80f460e19dbdeb54a66db918e49c65a7065b46ac7aec520"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustc_version",
+ "simdutf8",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3a9fe34e3e7a50316060351f37187a3f546bce95496156754b601a5fa71b76e"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
 version = "1.16.2"
@@ -281,7 +2673,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c3d1e2c7f27f8d4cb10542a02c49005dbd6e93095799d6f3be745fae9f8fedd4"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -289,6 +2681,7 @@ name = "software-core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "gix",
  "serde",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
@@ -297,6 +2690,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
+
 [[package]]
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 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -310,6 +2709,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-subscriber",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "2.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
+
 [[package]]
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@@ -320,22 +2725,55 @@ checksum = "a7973cce6668464ea31f176d85b13c7ab3bba2cb3b77a2ed26abd7801688010a"
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-checksum = "872831b642d1a07999a962a351ed35b955ea2cfc8f3862091e2a240a84f17297"
+checksum = "872831b642d1a07999a962a351ed35b955ea2cfc8f3862091e2a240a84f17297"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8593e8e72159ed2257d083c7a454a85cbf854f37a0966d8d483aff8c8a3ebcee"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0bf256ce5efdfa370213c1dabab5935a12e49f2c58d15e9eac2870d3b4f27263"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "unicode-ident",
+ "syn 3.0.6",
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 [[package]]
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-version = "3.0.6"
+name = "tempfile"
+version = "3.27.0"
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-checksum = "8593e8e72159ed2257d083c7a454a85cbf854f37a0966d8d483aff8c8a3ebcee"
+checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "unicode-ident",
+ "fastrand",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -369,12 +2807,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.3.45"
+version = "0.3.55"
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-checksum = "f9e442fc33d7fdb45aa9bfeb312c095964abdf596f7567261062b2a7107aaabd"
+checksum = "cdb87b95ec50ddfa440816d227a17b2ccbdda963a316a727fda0fc4334f7d134"
 dependencies = [
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- "itoa",
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  "powerfmt",
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@@ -384,33 +2821,50 @@ dependencies = [
 
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-version = "0.1.7"
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-checksum = "8b36ee98fd31ec7426d599183e8fe26932a8dc1fb76ddb6214d05493377d34ca"
+checksum = "9e1c906769ad99c88eaa54e728060edef082f8e358ff32030cb7c7d315e81109"
 
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-version = "0.2.25"
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-checksum = "71e552d1249bf61ac2a52db88179fd0673def1e1ad8243a00d9ec9ed71fee3dd"
+checksum = "7e689342a48d2ea927c87ea50cabf8594854bf940e9310208848d680d668ed85"
 dependencies = [
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  "time-core",
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+[[package]]
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+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1e27c91459209c2986af3dcf603a5a74a4368754ce37414f59acc971167f643"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd3ca314f692efd6c868f8408f53fe444634a845f96c028b97d35f6a1f79f0ee"
+
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-version = "1.53.1"
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-checksum = "202caea871b69668250d242070849eb495be178ed697a3e98aebce5bc81a0bed"
+checksum = "e95f91fcc7a621e8b030f6aa23c71fe9838ae2fb4d8118b75602a328f5144044"
 dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
  "libc",
  "mio",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "signal-hook-registry",
  "socket2",
  "tokio-macros",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -424,6 +2878,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 3.0.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-rustls"
+version = "0.26.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c9cc2678c2cdd569ef8215e2afd7954ada2ae20b4fdd2c5fe6139a3b02d105db"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.7.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "494815d09bf52b5548659851081238f0ca39ff638363907596da739561c62c52"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "libc",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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 version = "0.9.12+spec-1.1.0"
@@ -463,6 +2941,51 @@ version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
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 checksum = "7d56353a2a665ad0f41a421187180aab746c8c325620617ad883a99a1cbe66d2"
 
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebe5ef63511595f1344e2d5cfa636d973292adc0eec1f0ad45fae9f0851ab1d4"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "url",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "121c2a6cda46980bb0fcd1647ffaf6cd3fc79a013de288782836f6df9c48780e"
+
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+checksum = "8df9b6e13f2d32c91b9bd719c00d1958837bc7dec474d94952798cc8e69eeec3"
+
 [[package]]
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@@ -550,30 +3073,240 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
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+dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "webpki-root-certs"
+version = "1.0.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b96554aa2acc8ccdb7e1c9a58a7a68dd5d13bccc69cd124cb09406db612a1c9b"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-util"
+version = "0.1.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.61.2"
@@ -583,6 +3316,70 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc",
+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
 version = "0.7.15"
@@ -595,6 +3392,101 @@ version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "23b97319f7b8343df12cc98938e5c3eb436064524c8d2b4e30a1d3a36eecdf81"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "writeable"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ad82d2a33cdc9674dc7465672f271e096168fcdbe0f799d9e6db8c5892679dc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709fe23a0424b6a435d82152b1bd3fdfb0833487d5fa90d05d42762a9891fef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke-derive"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec8ebde2db3681e8c9980cc27822030e68752690ddfa9473e739aeb4dbde6d71"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.6",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f75b4683f6c7f45248d4d64056a24298c6281e0993356d7d1b4a1a962ef10d4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.6",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize"
+version = "1.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e13084392c5e4bc371903e2935a5eaeed24905a7511356b883835e18a78f6879"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerotrie"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ea269c3bd32f0a32c321907a2ae912ba6f4649bb0fc764a15627e99a7095a3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec"
+version = "0.11.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0464e17806c1d976d5cba29399c7f08e516e279e2ba493f63123b5fca67dd8"
+dependencies = [
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec-derive"
+version = "0.11.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34df6fc39dbd26ddc9c10e6a2984476e13acce22e64e4487636ef494369225da"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zlib-rs"
+version = "0.6.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b268e58e7c693d7c271f93ffc4ba3b380412554231c85bf61ca7af91042a4112"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zmij"
 version = "1.0.23"
diff --git a/backend/Cargo.toml b/backend/Cargo.toml
index d9aeeb64e..bc5d0e4cd 100644
--- a/backend/Cargo.toml
+++ b/backend/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ default-members = ["crates/station"]
 
 [workspace.package]
 edition = "2024"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+rust-version = "1.98"
 license = "MIT"
 authors = [
     "Hyperloop UPV Software Subsystem",
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml b/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
index 1b38a623e..878c62e3c 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 tokio = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tracing-appender = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+gix = { version = "0.87.1", features = ["blocking-http-transport-reqwest-rust-tls"] }
 
 # `workspace = true` can't be combined with extra lints in the same table,
 # so the workspace list is repeated here with `missing_docs` added: this is

From 9bfceab4680463570458a2608d96e36764136c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2026 18:38:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] feat(backend, git): implementation of ADJ update
 handling

---
 backend/Cargo.lock             |  48 ++++
 backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml |   8 +-
 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs | 396 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 backend/crates/core/src/lib.rs |   6 +
 4 files changed, 455 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs

diff --git a/backend/Cargo.lock b/backend/Cargo.lock
index 0a8ad6631..147430cc4 100644
--- a/backend/Cargo.lock
+++ b/backend/Cargo.lock
@@ -361,6 +361,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "crypto-common",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dirs"
+version = "7.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8d57d423b3c82e89b9a24ca3091fee61f456a26edbd28d26c65906f4bc1dcd8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "dirs-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dirs-sys"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e01a3366d27ee9890022452ee61b2b63a67e6f13f58900b651ff5665f0bb1fab"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "option-ext",
+ "redox_users",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
 version = "0.2.7"
@@ -1974,6 +1995,15 @@ version = "0.2.190"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ce5d3ddc6d3fa000eb1536d85e147bfe31aacaba692ed6a876f95cb7c855be78"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libredox"
+version = "0.1.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "61ff90caf6077a803a240f62fdbe88645a890bbca49ef8174c3cb0404362171d"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.12.1"
@@ -2087,6 +2117,12 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7c87def4c32ab89d880effc9e097653c8da5d6ef28e6b539d313baaacfbafcbe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "option-ext"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.12.5"
@@ -2285,6 +2321,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.13.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_users"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "60dc65c0ff1a7ae1294b0c67b9f14baf70b644404010370171787bfac1038fc0"
+dependencies = [
+ "libredox",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
 version = "1.13.1"
@@ -2681,8 +2727,10 @@ name = "software-core"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "dirs",
  "gix",
  "serde",
+ "tempfile",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml b/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
index 878c62e3c..baa5e3012 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/backend/crates/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ repository.workspace = true
 default = []
 # TCP/UDP transport (pulls in tokio)
 net = ["dep:tokio"]
-# ADJ download through git (dependency added when the module is written)
-git = []
+# ADJ download through git
+git = ["dep:tempfile"]
 # Packet sniffing through pcap (dependency added when the module is written)
 pcap = ["net"]
 # CSV data logger (records, sessions, subloggers)
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ tracing.workspace = true
 tokio = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 tracing-appender = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-gix = { version = "0.87.1", features = ["blocking-http-transport-reqwest-rust-tls"] }
+gix = { version = "0.87.1", features = ["blocking-http-transport-reqwest-rust-tls", "blocking-network-client", "worktree-mutation"] }
+dirs = "7.0.0"
+tempfile = { version = "3.27", optional = true }
 
 # `workspace = true` can't be combined with extra lints in the same table,
 # so the workspace list is repeated here with `missing_docs` added: this is
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..155fc3a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+//! Blocking Git helpers for ADJ, an application-owned, replaceable data cache.
+
+use std::{
+    fs, io,
+    net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, TcpStream},
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    sync::atomic::AtomicBool,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+use gix::Repository;
+use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
+
+type BoxError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
+
+const ADJ_URL: &str = "https://github.com/HyperloopUPV/adj.git";
+const GIT_REMOTE: &str = "origin";
+
+/// Downloads the requested ADJ branch, replacing the application-managed cache.
+///
+/// `path` is the repository directory, not its parent. If omitted, it defaults to
+/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. `branch` selects the branch
+/// to clone when the connectivity probe succeeds.
+///
+/// Online, local edits and commits are discarded only after a fresh checkout
+/// succeeds. Offline, the current cached checkout is used without switching
+/// branches, so it may differ from `branch`. Returns its full commit hash and
+/// commit message, in that order.
+///
+/// This performs blocking network and filesystem operations. Call during startup,
+/// before readers use ADJ, with only one updater at a time. Replacement uses two
+/// renames and is not atomic across a process crash.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns an error if ADJ is missing offline, the path or repository is invalid
+/// or inaccessible, cloning or checkout fails, or replacement fails. Clone errors
+/// do not automatically fall back to the cache. If rollback fails, the error
+/// includes the preserved backup's location.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn update_adj(path: Option<PathBuf>, branch: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
+    let (repo, dir) = adj_exists_repo(path)?;
+
+    if check_internet_connection() {
+        info!(path = ?dir, branch, "starting ADJ update");
+        // Release repository handles before moving the existing cache directory.
+        drop(repo);
+        git_replace(&dir, branch, ADJ_URL)
+    } else if let Some(repo) = repo {
+        warn!(path = ?dir, requested_branch = branch,
+            "connectivity probe failed; using cached ADJ without switching branches");
+        get_hash_and_message(&repo)
+    } else {
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+            "ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded",
+        )
+        .into())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Lists locally cached remote-tracking branches without contacting the remote.
+///
+/// `path` identifies the repository directory. Names retain the remote prefix,
+/// such as `origin/main`; the results can be stale, are not explicitly sorted,
+/// and may include symbolic references such as `origin/HEAD`.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns an error if the repository cannot be opened or its references cannot
+/// be read.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn list_remote_branches(path: PathBuf) -> Result<Vec<String>, BoxError> {
+    let repo = gix::open(&path)?;
+
+    let mut branches = Vec::new();
+
+    // Inspect local remote-tracking refs, not the remote server's advertised refs.
+    for reference in repo.references()?.remote_branches()? {
+        let reference = reference?;
+        branches.push(reference.name().shorten().to_string());
+    }
+
+    debug!(
+        ?path,
+        count = branches.len(),
+        "listed cached remote-tracking branches"
+    );
+    Ok(branches)
+}
+
+/// Opens an existing repository without fetching or changing its checkout.
+///
+/// `path` is the repository directory. If omitted, it defaults to
+/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. This does not create ADJ.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns an error if the cache directory cannot be resolved or the repository
+/// is missing, invalid, or inaccessible.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn open_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Repository, BoxError> {
+    let path = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
+
+    let repo = gix::open(path)?;
+
+    debug!(git_dir = ?repo.path(), "opened repository");
+    Ok(repo)
+}
+
+// Checks external TCP connectivity with a three-second timeout, not GitHub availability.
+#[instrument(level = "debug")]
+fn check_internet_connection() -> bool {
+    // Use a fixed IPv4 address to avoid a separate DNS lookup and its timeout.
+    let address = SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::new(1, 1, 1, 1), 443));
+    let timeout = Duration::from_secs(3);
+
+    // Attempt only the TCP handshake; no application data is sent.
+    match TcpStream::connect_timeout(&address, timeout) {
+        Ok(_stream) => {
+            debug!(%address, "connectivity probe succeeded");
+            true
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            // Record why the probe failed without treating it as an application error.
+            debug!(%address, %error, "connectivity probe failed");
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Preserve explicit paths; otherwise use the platform's user cache directory.
+fn unwrap_repo_path(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<PathBuf, BoxError> {
+    let dir = match path {
+        Some(path) => path,
+        None => {
+            let path = dirs::cache_dir().ok_or_else(|| {
+                io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "cache directory not found")
+            })?;
+
+            path.join("hyperloop-control-station").join("adj")
+        }
+    };
+
+    debug!(path = ?dir, "resolved ADJ repository path");
+    Ok(dir)
+}
+
+// Only an absent directory is a cache miss; invalid repositories remain errors.
+fn adj_exists_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<(Option<Repository>, PathBuf), BoxError> {
+    let dir = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
+
+    let res = if dir.try_exists()? {
+        Some(gix::open(&dir)?)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    debug!(path = ?dir, exists = res.is_some(), "checked local ADJ repository");
+    Ok((res, dir))
+}
+
+// Stage beside ADJ so both installation and rollback use same-filesystem renames.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
+fn git_replace(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
+    let parent = path
+        .parent()
+        .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(Path::new("."));
+    fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+    let staging = tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix(".adj-")
+        .tempdir_in(parent)?;
+    let checkout = staging.path().join("new");
+    let backup = staging.path().join("old");
+    debug!(?checkout, ?backup, "created ADJ staging directory");
+
+    // Validate the new checkout and commit before touching the current cache.
+    // Early errors drop the staging directory, removing any incomplete clone.
+    let repo = git_clone(&checkout, branch, url)?;
+    let commit = get_hash_and_message(&repo)?;
+    // The repository contains paths into staging and must not survive the move.
+    drop(repo);
+
+    let had_cache = path.try_exists()?;
+    if had_cache {
+        fs::rename(path, &backup)?;
+        debug!(?path, ?backup, "moved cached ADJ aside for replacement");
+    }
+    if let Err(error) = fs::rename(&checkout, path) {
+        debug!(?path, %error, had_cache, "ADJ installation failed; restoring cache if present");
+        if had_cache && let Err(rollback) = fs::rename(&backup, path) {
+            // Do not let temporary-directory cleanup delete the only remaining cache.
+            let saved = staging.keep();
+            debug!(?backup, %rollback, "preserved ADJ backup after failed rollback");
+            return Err(io::Error::other(format!(
+                "ADJ installation failed: {error}; rollback failed: {rollback}; backup kept at {}",
+                saved.join("old").display()
+            ))
+            .into());
+        }
+        if had_cache {
+            debug!(?path, "restored cached ADJ after installation failure");
+        }
+        return Err(error.into());
+    }
+
+    // Installation succeeded; cleanup now discards the old cache. A cleanup
+    // failure does not turn a successfully installed checkout into an error.
+    if let Err(error) = staging.close() {
+        warn!(?path, %error, "ADJ updated, but temporary directory cleanup failed");
+    }
+    info!(?path, branch, commit = %commit.0, "ADJ updated");
+    Ok(commit)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a remote-tracking branch is cached in `repo`.
+///
+/// `remote` is the remote name, such as `origin`; `name` is the branch name, such
+/// as `main` or `feature/example`. Looks up `refs/remotes/<remote>/<name>` without
+/// contacting the server or checking local branches. `false` means the reference
+/// is absent locally, not necessarily that the branch is absent on the server.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns an error if the reference name is invalid or the reference cannot be
+/// read.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo), err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn branch_exists(repo: &gix::Repository, remote: &str, name: &str) -> Result<bool, BoxError> {
+    let full = format!("refs/remotes/{remote}/{name}");
+    let exists = repo.try_find_reference(full.as_str())?.is_some();
+    debug!(reference = %full, exists, "checked cached remote-tracking branch");
+    Ok(exists)
+}
+
+// Fetch and check out the requested branch instead of switching an existing repo.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
+fn git_clone(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<Repository, BoxError> {
+    // These synchronous startup operations do not currently expose cancellation.
+    let interrupt = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+    debug!(?path, branch, "preparing shallow ADJ clone");
+    // A depth of one keeps the current snapshot without downloading full history.
+    let mut prepare = gix::prepare_clone(url, path)?
+        .with_remote_name(GIT_REMOTE)?
+        .with_ref_name(Some(branch))?
+        .with_shallow(gix::remote::fetch::Shallow::DepthAtRemote(
+            std::num::NonZeroU32::MIN,
+        ));
+
+    let (mut checkout, _) = prepare.fetch_then_checkout(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)?;
+    debug!(
+        ?path,
+        branch, "ADJ fetch completed; checking out working tree"
+    );
+    let (repo, _) = checkout.main_worktree(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)?;
+
+    debug!(?path, branch, "ADJ clone and checkout completed");
+    Ok(repo)
+}
+
+// Report the checked-out HEAD, which can differ from the requested branch offline.
+fn get_hash_and_message(repo: &Repository) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
+    let hash = repo.head_id()?.to_string();
+    let message = repo.head_commit()?.decode()?.message.to_string();
+
+    // Log only the commit ID, not potentially large or sensitive message text.
+    debug!(commit = %hash, "read checked-out ADJ commit");
+    Ok((hash, message))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::process::Command;
+
+    fn git(path: &Path, args: &[&str]) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
+        // Fixture commits need identity; disable signing, hooks, and templates
+        // so tests do not depend on the user's normal Git setup.
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .current_dir(path)
+            .args([
+                "-c",
+                "user.name=ADJ tests",
+                "-c",
+                "user.email=adj@example.test",
+                "-c",
+                "commit.gpgSign=false",
+                "-c",
+                "core.hooksPath=",
+                "-c",
+                "init.templateDir=",
+            ])
+            .args(args)
+            .output()?;
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(io::Error::other(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)).into());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn source_repo(path: &Path) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
+        fs::create_dir(path)?;
+        git(path, &["init", "--initial-branch=main"])?;
+        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "main")?;
+        git(path, &["add", "."])?;
+        git(path, &["commit", "-m", "main data"])?;
+        // Leave HEAD on another branch to verify explicit clone branch selection.
+        git(path, &["checkout", "-b", "testing"])?;
+        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "testing")?;
+        git(path, &["commit", "-am", "testing data"])
+    }
+
+    // Distinguish missing, invalid, and valid local repositories.
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_missing_and_invalid_repositories() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let path = temp.path().join("adj");
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone()))?.0.is_none());
+        fs::create_dir(&path)?;
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone())).is_err());
+        git(&path, &["init"])?;
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path))?.0.is_some());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Verify branch selection, newer commits, and removal of stale cache files.
+    #[test]
+    fn clones_and_replaces_with_requested_branch() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let source = temp.path().join("source");
+        let cache = temp.path().join("cache").join("adj");
+        source_repo(&source)?;
+        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
+
+        let first = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
+        assert_eq!(first.1, "main data\n");
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
+        // Replacement must discard old cache files, not just update tracked ones.
+        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "discard this cache file")?;
+
+        // Add a newer remote commit and request a different branch on replacement.
+        fs::write(source.join("data.txt"), "latest testing")?;
+        git(&source, &["commit", "-am", "updated testing data"])?;
+        let expected = get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&source)?)?;
+        assert_eq!(git_replace(&cache, "testing", url)?, expected);
+        assert_ne!(first.0, expected.0);
+        assert_eq!(get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?,
+            "latest testing"
+        );
+        assert!(!cache.join("stale.txt").exists());
+        // Successful replacement must also remove staging and backup directories.
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_dir(cache.parent().ok_or("missing parent")?)?.count(),
+            1
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Verify clone failures preserve cached ADJ and leave no staging debris.
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_clone_preserves_existing_cache() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let source = temp.path().join("source");
+        let cache = temp.path().join("adj");
+        source_repo(&source)?;
+        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
+
+        // A failed first clone must not install a partial checkout.
+        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
+        assert!(!cache.exists());
+        let expected = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
+        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "keep on failure")?;
+        // Both an invalid branch and an unavailable source must leave ADJ intact.
+        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
+        let missing = temp.path().join("missing-source");
+        assert!(
+            git_replace(
+                &cache,
+                "main",
+                missing.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?
+            )
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("stale.txt"))?,
+            "keep on failure"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_dir(temp.path())?.count(), 2);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/lib.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/lib.rs
index a85bf01dd..0420745c0 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 //! Componentes reutilizables de Hyperloop UPV.
 
 pub mod hello_world;
+
+/// # Git module
+/// Handles updates and changes within the ADJ.  
+/// Checks the ADJ Github repository and 
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+pub mod git;
\ No newline at end of file

From 58d320bd4678da2ae7707bae383ce6f5a8ac6e36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2026 18:38:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] docs(backend, git): README

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md | 60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..950249435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# ADJ Git helpers
+
+This module manages ADJ as an application-owned, replaceable data cache using
+`gix`, with `tracing` for logging. It does not preserve local edits or commits
+when updating online.
+
+## Workflow
+
+`update_adj(path, branch)` returns the checked-out commit hash and full message.
+A custom path identifies the ADJ repository itself. The default is
+`<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`, using `dirs::cache_dir()`.
+An existing invalid repository or inaccessible path returns an error.
+
+The existing connectivity check attempts a TCP connection to `1.1.1.1:443`
+with a three-second timeout. This checks external TCP connectivity, not GitHub
+availability.
+
+### Online
+
+- Shallow-clone the requested branch into a temporary directory beside ADJ.
+- Complete checkout and read its commit information before touching the cache.
+- Move the old cache aside and install the new checkout.
+- Restore the old cache if installation fails. If restoration also fails,
+  preserve the backup and include its location in the error.
+- Remove the old cache after successful installation.
+
+A clone error leaves the old cache untouched and is returned directly; it does
+not automatically fall back to offline operation. No fetch, merge, or branch
+switch is needed because the checkout is replaced.
+
+### Offline
+
+- If ADJ exists, return its current commit without updating or switching branches.
+- Otherwise, return `ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded`.
+
+The cached branch may differ from the requested branch when offline.
+
+## Other Helpers
+
+- `open_repo` opens the custom or default repository path.
+- `list_remote_branches` lists cached remote-tracking references, without making
+  a network request. Results can be stale and include the remote name.
+- `branch_exists` checks for a cached `refs/remotes/<remote>/<branch>` reference.
+
+## Limitations
+
+Replacement is intended for startup, before the backend reads ADJ, with one
+updater at a time. The backup and installation renames are not jointly atomic
+across a process crash. The connectivity probe can succeed when GitHub is
+unreachable, or fail when GitHub is reachable.
+
+## Verification
+
+Tests use temporary local Git repositories and the Git CLI to create fixtures;
+they do not require external network access. Production Git operations use `gix`.
+
+```bash
+cargo test -p software-core -F git
+cargo doc --open -p software-core -F git --no-deps
+```

From db7782341df2ff04a79cc34cb884d1c93f3af7d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2026 18:48:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] docs(backend, git): add some more comments

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
index 155fc3a1b..ca56adf36 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::{
 use gix::Repository;
 use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
 
+// Common error type for filesystem and Git failures; Send + Sync allows cross-thread use.
 type BoxError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
 
 const ADJ_URL: &str = "https://github.com/HyperloopUPV/adj.git";
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ const GIT_REMOTE: &str = "origin";
 /// or inaccessible, cloning or checkout fails, or replacement fails. Clone errors
 /// do not automatically fall back to the cache. If rollback fails, the error
 /// includes the preserved backup's location.
+// Log returned errors at the public boundary; helpers trace progress without duplicate warnings.
 #[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
 pub fn update_adj(path: Option<PathBuf>, branch: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
     let (repo, dir) = adj_exists_repo(path)?;
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@ fn adj_exists_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<(Option<Repository>, PathBuf
 // Stage beside ADJ so both installation and rollback use same-filesystem renames.
 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
 fn git_replace(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
+    // A relative path like "adj" has an empty parent; stage in the current directory.
     let parent = path
         .parent()
         .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty())

From 71ccb294e8a5b904452d96f9254be6bb26e98751 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:09:57 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] feat(backend, git): separate module in submodules and
 propagate GitError instead of BoxError

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs            | 447 +++-------------------
 backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs      | 245 ++++++++++++
 backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs | 113 ++++++
 backend/crates/core/src/git/update.rs     | 135 +++++++
 4 files changed, 554 insertions(+), 386 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git/update.rs

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
index ca56adf36..f73566257 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
@@ -1,399 +1,74 @@
 //! Blocking Git helpers for ADJ, an application-owned, replaceable data cache.
 
-use std::{
-    fs, io,
-    net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, TcpStream},
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    sync::atomic::AtomicBool,
-    time::Duration,
-};
+mod clone;
+mod repository;
+mod update;
 
-use gix::Repository;
-use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
+pub use clone::CloneError;
+pub use repository::{RepositoryError, branch_exists, list_remote_branches, open_repo};
+pub use update::update_adj;
 
-// Common error type for filesystem and Git failures; Send + Sync allows cross-thread use.
-type BoxError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
-
-const ADJ_URL: &str = "https://github.com/HyperloopUPV/adj.git";
-const GIT_REMOTE: &str = "origin";
-
-/// Downloads the requested ADJ branch, replacing the application-managed cache.
-///
-/// `path` is the repository directory, not its parent. If omitted, it defaults to
-/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. `branch` selects the branch
-/// to clone when the connectivity probe succeeds.
-///
-/// Online, local edits and commits are discarded only after a fresh checkout
-/// succeeds. Offline, the current cached checkout is used without switching
-/// branches, so it may differ from `branch`. Returns its full commit hash and
-/// commit message, in that order.
-///
-/// This performs blocking network and filesystem operations. Call during startup,
-/// before readers use ADJ, with only one updater at a time. Replacement uses two
-/// renames and is not atomic across a process crash.
+/// Errors produced while reading, downloading, or replacing the ADJ cache.
 ///
-/// # Errors
+/// Five categories identify the failed operation and preserve its underlying
+/// error as [`std::error::Error::source`]. [`RepositoryError`] and [`CloneError`]
+/// retain concrete `gix` causes and are boxed to keep this enum small. Only
+/// [`RepositoryError::ReferenceItem`] uses a dynamically typed cause, as exposed
+/// by the `gix` iterator.
 ///
-/// Returns an error if ADJ is missing offline, the path or repository is invalid
-/// or inaccessible, cloning or checkout fails, or replacement fails. Clone errors
-/// do not automatically fall back to the cache. If rollback fails, the error
-/// includes the preserved backup's location.
-// Log returned errors at the public boundary; helpers trace progress without duplicate warnings.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn update_adj(path: Option<PathBuf>, branch: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
-    let (repo, dir) = adj_exists_repo(path)?;
-
-    if check_internet_connection() {
-        info!(path = ?dir, branch, "starting ADJ update");
-        // Release repository handles before moving the existing cache directory.
-        drop(repo);
-        git_replace(&dir, branch, ADJ_URL)
-    } else if let Some(repo) = repo {
-        warn!(path = ?dir, requested_branch = branch,
-            "connectivity probe failed; using cached ADJ without switching branches");
-        get_hash_and_message(&repo)
-    } else {
-        Err(io::Error::new(
-            io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
-            "ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded",
-        )
-        .into())
-    }
+/// A failed connectivity probe is not itself an error when cached ADJ exists.
+/// If no cache exists, the operation returns [`GitError::UnavailableOffline`].
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum GitError {
+    /// Resolving, inspecting, or preparing the cache directory failed.
+    #[error("ADJ path operation failed: {0}")]
+    Path(#[source] std::io::Error),
+
+    /// Opening the repository or reading its references or HEAD failed.
+    /// An absent reference is not itself an error.
+    #[error("ADJ repository operation failed: {0}")]
+    Repository(#[source] Box<RepositoryError>),
+
+    /// Preparing, downloading, or checking out the requested branch failed.
+    ///
+    /// This can indicate a network, configuration, or remote-reference failure;
+    /// it does not necessarily mean that internet connectivity is unavailable.
+    #[error("ADJ clone failed: {0}")]
+    Clone(#[source] Box<CloneError>),
+
+    /// Moving the old cache aside or installing the new checkout failed.
+    ///
+    /// When restoration also fails, `rollback` holds its error and the preserved
+    /// backup's location. Otherwise, the old cache was restored or never moved.
+    #[error(
+        "ADJ cache replacement failed: {source}{recovery}",
+        recovery = .rollback.as_ref().map(|(error, path)| {
+            format!("; rollback failed: {error}; backup kept at {}", path.display())
+        }).unwrap_or_default()
+    )]
+    Replacement {
+        /// The original error moving the old cache or installing the new checkout.
+        #[source]
+        source: std::io::Error,
+        /// Restoration error and preserved backup path, if rollback failed.
+        rollback: Option<(std::io::Error, std::path::PathBuf)>,
+    },
+
+    /// The connectivity probe failed and no local ADJ cache was available.
+    #[error("ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded")]
+    UnavailableOffline,
 }
 
-/// Lists locally cached remote-tracking branches without contacting the remote.
-///
-/// `path` identifies the repository directory. Names retain the remote prefix,
-/// such as `origin/main`; the results can be stale, are not explicitly sorted,
-/// and may include symbolic references such as `origin/HEAD`.
-///
-/// # Errors
-///
-/// Returns an error if the repository cannot be opened or its references cannot
-/// be read.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn list_remote_branches(path: PathBuf) -> Result<Vec<String>, BoxError> {
-    let repo = gix::open(&path)?;
-
-    let mut branches = Vec::new();
-
-    // Inspect local remote-tracking refs, not the remote server's advertised refs.
-    for reference in repo.references()?.remote_branches()? {
-        let reference = reference?;
-        branches.push(reference.name().shorten().to_string());
+// Convert repository errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
+impl From<RepositoryError> for GitError {
+    fn from(error: RepositoryError) -> Self {
+        Self::Repository(Box::new(error))
     }
-
-    debug!(
-        ?path,
-        count = branches.len(),
-        "listed cached remote-tracking branches"
-    );
-    Ok(branches)
 }
 
-/// Opens an existing repository without fetching or changing its checkout.
-///
-/// `path` is the repository directory. If omitted, it defaults to
-/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. This does not create ADJ.
-///
-/// # Errors
-///
-/// Returns an error if the cache directory cannot be resolved or the repository
-/// is missing, invalid, or inaccessible.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn open_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Repository, BoxError> {
-    let path = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
-
-    let repo = gix::open(path)?;
-
-    debug!(git_dir = ?repo.path(), "opened repository");
-    Ok(repo)
-}
-
-// Checks external TCP connectivity with a three-second timeout, not GitHub availability.
-#[instrument(level = "debug")]
-fn check_internet_connection() -> bool {
-    // Use a fixed IPv4 address to avoid a separate DNS lookup and its timeout.
-    let address = SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::new(1, 1, 1, 1), 443));
-    let timeout = Duration::from_secs(3);
-
-    // Attempt only the TCP handshake; no application data is sent.
-    match TcpStream::connect_timeout(&address, timeout) {
-        Ok(_stream) => {
-            debug!(%address, "connectivity probe succeeded");
-            true
-        }
-        Err(error) => {
-            // Record why the probe failed without treating it as an application error.
-            debug!(%address, %error, "connectivity probe failed");
-            false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Preserve explicit paths; otherwise use the platform's user cache directory.
-fn unwrap_repo_path(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<PathBuf, BoxError> {
-    let dir = match path {
-        Some(path) => path,
-        None => {
-            let path = dirs::cache_dir().ok_or_else(|| {
-                io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "cache directory not found")
-            })?;
-
-            path.join("hyperloop-control-station").join("adj")
-        }
-    };
-
-    debug!(path = ?dir, "resolved ADJ repository path");
-    Ok(dir)
-}
-
-// Only an absent directory is a cache miss; invalid repositories remain errors.
-fn adj_exists_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<(Option<Repository>, PathBuf), BoxError> {
-    let dir = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
-
-    let res = if dir.try_exists()? {
-        Some(gix::open(&dir)?)
-    } else {
-        None
-    };
-
-    debug!(path = ?dir, exists = res.is_some(), "checked local ADJ repository");
-    Ok((res, dir))
-}
-
-// Stage beside ADJ so both installation and rollback use same-filesystem renames.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
-fn git_replace(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
-    // A relative path like "adj" has an empty parent; stage in the current directory.
-    let parent = path
-        .parent()
-        .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty())
-        .unwrap_or(Path::new("."));
-    fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
-    let staging = tempfile::Builder::new()
-        .prefix(".adj-")
-        .tempdir_in(parent)?;
-    let checkout = staging.path().join("new");
-    let backup = staging.path().join("old");
-    debug!(?checkout, ?backup, "created ADJ staging directory");
-
-    // Validate the new checkout and commit before touching the current cache.
-    // Early errors drop the staging directory, removing any incomplete clone.
-    let repo = git_clone(&checkout, branch, url)?;
-    let commit = get_hash_and_message(&repo)?;
-    // The repository contains paths into staging and must not survive the move.
-    drop(repo);
-
-    let had_cache = path.try_exists()?;
-    if had_cache {
-        fs::rename(path, &backup)?;
-        debug!(?path, ?backup, "moved cached ADJ aside for replacement");
-    }
-    if let Err(error) = fs::rename(&checkout, path) {
-        debug!(?path, %error, had_cache, "ADJ installation failed; restoring cache if present");
-        if had_cache && let Err(rollback) = fs::rename(&backup, path) {
-            // Do not let temporary-directory cleanup delete the only remaining cache.
-            let saved = staging.keep();
-            debug!(?backup, %rollback, "preserved ADJ backup after failed rollback");
-            return Err(io::Error::other(format!(
-                "ADJ installation failed: {error}; rollback failed: {rollback}; backup kept at {}",
-                saved.join("old").display()
-            ))
-            .into());
-        }
-        if had_cache {
-            debug!(?path, "restored cached ADJ after installation failure");
-        }
-        return Err(error.into());
-    }
-
-    // Installation succeeded; cleanup now discards the old cache. A cleanup
-    // failure does not turn a successfully installed checkout into an error.
-    if let Err(error) = staging.close() {
-        warn!(?path, %error, "ADJ updated, but temporary directory cleanup failed");
-    }
-    info!(?path, branch, commit = %commit.0, "ADJ updated");
-    Ok(commit)
-}
-
-/// Checks whether a remote-tracking branch is cached in `repo`.
-///
-/// `remote` is the remote name, such as `origin`; `name` is the branch name, such
-/// as `main` or `feature/example`. Looks up `refs/remotes/<remote>/<name>` without
-/// contacting the server or checking local branches. `false` means the reference
-/// is absent locally, not necessarily that the branch is absent on the server.
-///
-/// # Errors
-///
-/// Returns an error if the reference name is invalid or the reference cannot be
-/// read.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo), err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn branch_exists(repo: &gix::Repository, remote: &str, name: &str) -> Result<bool, BoxError> {
-    let full = format!("refs/remotes/{remote}/{name}");
-    let exists = repo.try_find_reference(full.as_str())?.is_some();
-    debug!(reference = %full, exists, "checked cached remote-tracking branch");
-    Ok(exists)
-}
-
-// Fetch and check out the requested branch instead of switching an existing repo.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
-fn git_clone(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<Repository, BoxError> {
-    // These synchronous startup operations do not currently expose cancellation.
-    let interrupt = AtomicBool::new(false);
-
-    debug!(?path, branch, "preparing shallow ADJ clone");
-    // A depth of one keeps the current snapshot without downloading full history.
-    let mut prepare = gix::prepare_clone(url, path)?
-        .with_remote_name(GIT_REMOTE)?
-        .with_ref_name(Some(branch))?
-        .with_shallow(gix::remote::fetch::Shallow::DepthAtRemote(
-            std::num::NonZeroU32::MIN,
-        ));
-
-    let (mut checkout, _) = prepare.fetch_then_checkout(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)?;
-    debug!(
-        ?path,
-        branch, "ADJ fetch completed; checking out working tree"
-    );
-    let (repo, _) = checkout.main_worktree(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)?;
-
-    debug!(?path, branch, "ADJ clone and checkout completed");
-    Ok(repo)
-}
-
-// Report the checked-out HEAD, which can differ from the requested branch offline.
-fn get_hash_and_message(repo: &Repository) -> Result<(String, String), BoxError> {
-    let hash = repo.head_id()?.to_string();
-    let message = repo.head_commit()?.decode()?.message.to_string();
-
-    // Log only the commit ID, not potentially large or sensitive message text.
-    debug!(commit = %hash, "read checked-out ADJ commit");
-    Ok((hash, message))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use std::process::Command;
-
-    fn git(path: &Path, args: &[&str]) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        // Fixture commits need identity; disable signing, hooks, and templates
-        // so tests do not depend on the user's normal Git setup.
-        let output = Command::new("git")
-            .current_dir(path)
-            .args([
-                "-c",
-                "user.name=ADJ tests",
-                "-c",
-                "user.email=adj@example.test",
-                "-c",
-                "commit.gpgSign=false",
-                "-c",
-                "core.hooksPath=",
-                "-c",
-                "init.templateDir=",
-            ])
-            .args(args)
-            .output()?;
-        if !output.status.success() {
-            return Err(io::Error::other(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)).into());
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn source_repo(path: &Path) -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        fs::create_dir(path)?;
-        git(path, &["init", "--initial-branch=main"])?;
-        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "main")?;
-        git(path, &["add", "."])?;
-        git(path, &["commit", "-m", "main data"])?;
-        // Leave HEAD on another branch to verify explicit clone branch selection.
-        git(path, &["checkout", "-b", "testing"])?;
-        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "testing")?;
-        git(path, &["commit", "-am", "testing data"])
-    }
-
-    // Distinguish missing, invalid, and valid local repositories.
-    #[test]
-    fn detects_missing_and_invalid_repositories() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
-        let path = temp.path().join("adj");
-        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone()))?.0.is_none());
-        fs::create_dir(&path)?;
-        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone())).is_err());
-        git(&path, &["init"])?;
-        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path))?.0.is_some());
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // Verify branch selection, newer commits, and removal of stale cache files.
-    #[test]
-    fn clones_and_replaces_with_requested_branch() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
-        let source = temp.path().join("source");
-        let cache = temp.path().join("cache").join("adj");
-        source_repo(&source)?;
-        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
-
-        let first = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
-        assert_eq!(first.1, "main data\n");
-        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
-        // Replacement must discard old cache files, not just update tracked ones.
-        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "discard this cache file")?;
-
-        // Add a newer remote commit and request a different branch on replacement.
-        fs::write(source.join("data.txt"), "latest testing")?;
-        git(&source, &["commit", "-am", "updated testing data"])?;
-        let expected = get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&source)?)?;
-        assert_eq!(git_replace(&cache, "testing", url)?, expected);
-        assert_ne!(first.0, expected.0);
-        assert_eq!(get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
-        assert_eq!(
-            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?,
-            "latest testing"
-        );
-        assert!(!cache.join("stale.txt").exists());
-        // Successful replacement must also remove staging and backup directories.
-        assert_eq!(
-            fs::read_dir(cache.parent().ok_or("missing parent")?)?.count(),
-            1
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // Verify clone failures preserve cached ADJ and leave no staging debris.
-    #[test]
-    fn failed_clone_preserves_existing_cache() -> Result<(), BoxError> {
-        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
-        let source = temp.path().join("source");
-        let cache = temp.path().join("adj");
-        source_repo(&source)?;
-        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
-
-        // A failed first clone must not install a partial checkout.
-        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
-        assert!(!cache.exists());
-        let expected = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
-        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "keep on failure")?;
-        // Both an invalid branch and an unavailable source must leave ADJ intact.
-        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
-        let missing = temp.path().join("missing-source");
-        assert!(
-            git_replace(
-                &cache,
-                "main",
-                missing.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?
-            )
-            .is_err()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(get_hash_and_message(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
-        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
-        assert_eq!(
-            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("stale.txt"))?,
-            "keep on failure"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(fs::read_dir(temp.path())?.count(), 2);
-        Ok(())
+// Convert clone errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
+impl From<CloneError> for GitError {
+    fn from(error: CloneError) -> Self {
+        Self::Clone(Box::new(error))
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..006f127ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+use super::{GitError, update::get_commit_hash};
+use gix::Repository;
+use std::{fs, path::Path, sync::atomic::AtomicBool};
+use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
+
+const GIT_REMOTE: &str = "origin";
+
+/// Concrete clone failures wrapped by [`GitError::Clone`].
+///
+/// Preparation, name validation, fetching, and checkout expose different `gix`
+/// error types. These variants retain each original error as their source.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum CloneError {
+    /// Clone preparation failed before downloading repository data.
+    #[error("clone preparation failed: {0}")]
+    Prepare(#[from] gix::clone::Error),
+
+    /// The configured remote name was invalid.
+    #[error("remote name is invalid: {0}")]
+    RemoteName(#[from] gix::remote::name::Error),
+
+    /// The requested branch name was not a valid Git reference name.
+    #[error("branch name is invalid: {0}")]
+    BranchName(#[from] gix::validate::reference::name::Error),
+
+    /// Fetching failed, including a missing requested branch.
+    /// This can indicate network, configuration, or remote-reference failures.
+    #[error("fetch failed: {0}")]
+    Fetch(#[from] gix::clone::fetch::Error),
+
+    /// Downloaded data could not be checked out into the working tree.
+    #[error("checkout failed: {0}")]
+    Checkout(#[from] gix::clone::checkout::main_worktree::Error),
+}
+
+// Fetch and check out the requested branch instead of switching an existing repo.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
+fn git_clone(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<Repository, GitError> {
+    // These synchronous startup operations do not currently expose cancellation.
+    let interrupt = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+    debug!(?path, branch, "preparing shallow ADJ clone");
+    // A depth of one keeps the current snapshot without downloading full history.
+    let mut prepare = gix::prepare_clone(url, path)
+        .map_err(CloneError::from)?
+        .with_remote_name(GIT_REMOTE)
+        .map_err(CloneError::from)?
+        .with_ref_name(Some(branch))
+        .map_err(CloneError::from)?
+        .with_shallow(gix::remote::fetch::Shallow::DepthAtRemote(
+            std::num::NonZeroU32::MIN,
+        ));
+
+    let (mut checkout, _) = prepare
+        .fetch_then_checkout(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)
+        .map_err(CloneError::from)?;
+    debug!(
+        ?path,
+        branch, "ADJ fetch completed; checking out working tree"
+    );
+    let (repo, _) = checkout
+        .main_worktree(gix::progress::Discard, &interrupt)
+        .map_err(CloneError::from)?;
+
+    debug!(?path, branch, "ADJ clone and checkout completed");
+    Ok(repo)
+}
+
+// Stage beside ADJ so both installation and rollback use same-filesystem renames.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
+pub(crate) fn git_replace(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<String, GitError> {
+    // A relative path like "adj" has an empty parent; stage in the current directory.
+    let parent = path
+        .parent()
+        .filter(|p| !p.as_os_str().is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(Path::new("."));
+    fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(GitError::Path)?;
+    let staging = tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix(".adj-")
+        .tempdir_in(parent)
+        .map_err(GitError::Path)?;
+    let checkout = staging.path().join("new");
+    let backup = staging.path().join("old");
+    debug!(?checkout, ?backup, "created ADJ staging directory");
+
+    // Validate the new checkout and commit before touching the current cache.
+    // Early errors drop the staging directory, removing any incomplete clone.
+    let repo = git_clone(&checkout, branch, url)?;
+    let commit = get_commit_hash(&repo)?;
+    // The repository contains paths into staging and must not survive the move.
+    drop(repo);
+
+    let had_cache = path.try_exists().map_err(GitError::Path)?;
+    if had_cache {
+        fs::rename(path, &backup).map_err(|source| GitError::Replacement {
+            source,
+            rollback: None,
+        })?;
+        debug!(?path, ?backup, "moved cached ADJ aside for replacement");
+    }
+    if let Err(error) = fs::rename(&checkout, path) {
+        debug!(?path, %error, had_cache, "ADJ installation failed; restoring cache if present");
+        if had_cache && let Err(rollback) = fs::rename(&backup, path) {
+            // Do not let temporary-directory cleanup delete the only remaining cache.
+            let saved = staging.keep();
+            debug!(?backup, %rollback, "preserved ADJ backup after failed rollback");
+            return Err(GitError::Replacement {
+                source: error,
+                rollback: Some((rollback, saved.join("old"))),
+            });
+        }
+        if had_cache {
+            debug!(?path, "restored cached ADJ after installation failure");
+        }
+        return Err(GitError::Replacement {
+            source: error,
+            rollback: None,
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Installation succeeded; cleanup now discards the old cache. A cleanup
+    // failure does not turn a successfully installed checkout into an error.
+    if let Err(error) = staging.close() {
+        warn!(?path, %error, "ADJ updated, but temporary directory cleanup failed");
+    }
+    info!(?path, branch, commit = %commit, "ADJ updated");
+    Ok(commit)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::{io, process::Command};
+
+    fn git(path: &Path, args: &[&str]) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        // Fixture commits need identity; disable signing, hooks, and templates
+        // so tests do not depend on the user's normal Git setup.
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .current_dir(path)
+            .args([
+                "-c",
+                "user.name=ADJ tests",
+                "-c",
+                "user.email=adj@example.test",
+                "-c",
+                "commit.gpgSign=false",
+                "-c",
+                "core.hooksPath=",
+                "-c",
+                "init.templateDir=",
+            ])
+            .args(args)
+            .output()?;
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(io::Error::other(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)).into());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn source_repo(path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        fs::create_dir(path)?;
+        git(path, &["init", "--initial-branch=main"])?;
+        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "main")?;
+        git(path, &["add", "."])?;
+        git(path, &["commit", "-m", "main data"])?;
+        // Leave HEAD on another branch to verify explicit clone branch selection.
+        git(path, &["checkout", "-b", "testing"])?;
+        fs::write(path.join("data.txt"), "testing")?;
+        git(path, &["commit", "-am", "testing data"])
+    }
+
+    // Verify branch selection, newer commits, and removal of stale cache files.
+    #[test]
+    fn clones_and_replaces_with_requested_branch() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let source = temp.path().join("source");
+        let cache = temp.path().join("cache").join("adj");
+        source_repo(&source)?;
+        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
+
+        let first = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
+        let main_hash = gix::open(&source)?
+            .find_reference("refs/heads/main")?
+            .id()
+            .to_string();
+        assert_eq!(first, main_hash);
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
+        // Replacement must discard old cache files, not just update tracked ones.
+        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "discard this cache file")?;
+
+        // Add a newer remote commit and request a different branch on replacement.
+        fs::write(source.join("data.txt"), "latest testing")?;
+        git(&source, &["commit", "-am", "updated testing data"])?;
+        let expected = get_commit_hash(&gix::open(&source)?)?;
+        assert_eq!(git_replace(&cache, "testing", url)?, expected);
+        assert_ne!(first, expected);
+        assert_eq!(get_commit_hash(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?,
+            "latest testing"
+        );
+        assert!(!cache.join("stale.txt").exists());
+        // Successful replacement must also remove staging and backup directories.
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_dir(cache.parent().ok_or("missing parent")?)?.count(),
+            1
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Verify clone failures preserve cached ADJ and leave no staging debris.
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_clone_preserves_existing_cache() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let source = temp.path().join("source");
+        let cache = temp.path().join("adj");
+        source_repo(&source)?;
+        let url = source.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?;
+
+        // A failed first clone must not install a partial checkout.
+        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
+        assert!(!cache.exists());
+        let expected = git_replace(&cache, "main", url)?;
+        fs::write(cache.join("stale.txt"), "keep on failure")?;
+        // Both an invalid branch and an unavailable source must leave ADJ intact.
+        assert!(git_replace(&cache, "missing-branch", url).is_err());
+        let missing = temp.path().join("missing-source");
+        assert!(
+            git_replace(
+                &cache,
+                "main",
+                missing.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?
+            )
+            .is_err()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(get_commit_hash(&gix::open(&cache)?)?, expected);
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(cache.join("data.txt"))?, "main");
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_to_string(cache.join("stale.txt"))?,
+            "keep on failure"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_dir(temp.path())?.count(), 2);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b844c29e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use super::{GitError, update::unwrap_repo_path};
+use gix::Repository;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use tracing::{debug, instrument};
+
+/// Concrete repository failures wrapped by [`GitError::Repository`].
+///
+/// Variants identify the failed read operation and preserve the original `gix`
+/// error as their source. Only [`RepositoryError::ReferenceItem`] has a dynamic
+/// source because the reference iterator returns boxed errors.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum RepositoryError {
+    /// An existing repository could not be opened or validated.
+    #[error("repository could not be opened: {0}")]
+    Open(#[from] gix::open::Error),
+
+    /// HEAD could not be resolved to a commit ID, including an unborn HEAD.
+    #[error("HEAD could not be resolved: {0}")]
+    Head(#[from] gix::reference::head_id::Error),
+
+    /// The repository's reference storage could not be opened.
+    #[error("reference storage could not be opened: {0}")]
+    References(#[from] gix::reference::iter::Error),
+
+    /// Iteration over cached remote-tracking references could not be initialized.
+    #[error("reference iteration could not be initialized: {0}")]
+    InitReferences(#[from] gix::reference::iter::init::Error),
+
+    /// An individual reference could not be read during iteration.
+    /// The boxed source retains its original type and error chain.
+    #[error("reference could not be read: {0}")]
+    ReferenceItem(#[from] Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>),
+
+    /// Looking up a reference failed; an absent reference is not an error.
+    #[error("reference lookup failed: {0}")]
+    FindReference(#[from] gix::reference::find::Error),
+}
+
+/// Opens an existing repository without fetching or changing its checkout.
+///
+/// `path` is the repository directory. If omitted, it defaults to
+/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. This does not create ADJ.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns [`GitError::Path`] if the cache directory cannot be resolved, or
+/// [`GitError::Repository`] if the repository is missing, invalid, or inaccessible.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn open_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Repository, GitError> {
+    let path = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
+
+    let repo = gix::open(path).map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+
+    debug!(git_dir = ?repo.path(), "opened repository");
+    Ok(repo)
+}
+
+/// Lists locally cached remote-tracking branches without contacting the remote.
+///
+/// `path` identifies the repository directory. Names retain the remote prefix,
+/// such as `origin/main`; the results can be stale, are not explicitly sorted,
+/// and may include symbolic references such as `origin/HEAD`.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns [`GitError::Repository`] if the repository cannot be opened or its
+/// references cannot be read.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn list_remote_branches(path: PathBuf) -> Result<Vec<String>, GitError> {
+    let repo = gix::open(&path).map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+
+    let mut branches = Vec::new();
+
+    // Inspect local remote-tracking refs, not the remote server's advertised refs.
+    for reference in repo
+        .references()
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
+        .remote_branches()
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
+    {
+        let reference = reference.map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+        branches.push(reference.name().shorten().to_string());
+    }
+
+    debug!(
+        ?path,
+        count = branches.len(),
+        "listed cached remote-tracking branches"
+    );
+    Ok(branches)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a remote-tracking branch is cached in `repo`.
+///
+/// `remote` is the remote name, such as `origin`; `name` is the branch name, such
+/// as `main` or `feature/example`. Looks up `refs/remotes/<remote>/<name>` without
+/// contacting the server or checking local branches. `false` means the reference
+/// is absent locally, not necessarily that the branch is absent on the server.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns [`GitError::Repository`] if the reference name is invalid or the
+/// reference cannot be read. A missing reference returns `Ok(false)`.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo), err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn branch_exists(repo: &gix::Repository, remote: &str, name: &str) -> Result<bool, GitError> {
+    let full = format!("refs/remotes/{remote}/{name}");
+    let exists = repo
+        .try_find_reference(full.as_str())
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
+        .is_some();
+    debug!(reference = %full, exists, "checked cached remote-tracking branch");
+    Ok(exists)
+}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/update.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/update.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa1fd1fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/update.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use super::{GitError, RepositoryError, clone::git_replace};
+use gix::Repository;
+use std::{
+    io,
+    net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, TcpStream},
+    path::PathBuf,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
+
+const ADJ_URL: &str = "https://github.com/Hyperloop-UPV/adj.git";
+
+/// Downloads the requested ADJ branch, replacing the application-managed cache.
+///
+/// `path` is the repository directory, not its parent. If omitted, it defaults to
+/// `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`. `branch` selects the branch
+/// to clone when the connectivity probe succeeds.
+///
+/// Online, local edits and commits are discarded only after a fresh checkout
+/// succeeds. Offline, the current cached checkout is used without switching
+/// branches, so it may differ from `branch`. Returns its full commit hash.
+///
+/// This performs blocking network and filesystem operations. Call during startup,
+/// before readers use ADJ, with only one updater at a time. Replacement uses two
+/// renames and is not atomic across a process crash.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns [`GitError::UnavailableOffline`] if ADJ is missing offline. Other
+/// variants identify path, repository, cloning, checkout, or replacement failures.
+/// Clone errors do not automatically fall back to the cache. If restoration fails,
+/// [`GitError::Replacement`] preserves both errors and the backup's location.
+// Log returned errors at the public boundary; helpers trace progress without duplicate warnings.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn update_adj(path: Option<PathBuf>, branch: &str) -> Result<String, GitError> {
+    let (repo, dir) = adj_exists_repo(path)?;
+
+    if check_internet_connection() {
+        info!(path = ?dir, branch, "starting ADJ update");
+        // Release repository handles before moving the existing cache directory.
+        drop(repo);
+        git_replace(&dir, branch, ADJ_URL)
+    } else if let Some(repo) = repo {
+        warn!(path = ?dir, requested_branch = branch,
+            "connectivity probe failed; using cached ADJ without switching branches");
+        get_commit_hash(&repo)
+    } else {
+        Err(GitError::UnavailableOffline)
+    }
+}
+
+// Checks external TCP connectivity with a three-second timeout, not GitHub availability.
+#[instrument(level = "info")]
+fn check_internet_connection() -> bool {
+    // Use a fixed IPv4 address to avoid a separate DNS lookup and its timeout.
+    let address = SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::new(1, 1, 1, 1), 443));
+    let timeout = Duration::from_secs(3);
+
+    // Attempt only the TCP handshake; no application data is sent.
+    match TcpStream::connect_timeout(&address, timeout) {
+        Ok(_stream) => {
+            info!(%address, "connectivity probe succeeded");
+            true
+        }
+        Err(error) => {
+            // Record why the probe failed without treating it as an application error.
+            info!(%address, %error, "connectivity probe failed");
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Preserve explicit paths; otherwise use the platform's user cache directory.
+pub(crate) fn unwrap_repo_path(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<PathBuf, GitError> {
+    let dir = match path {
+        Some(path) => path,
+        None => {
+            let path = dirs::cache_dir().ok_or_else(|| {
+                GitError::Path(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+                    "cache directory not found",
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+            path.join("hyperloop-control-station").join("adj")
+        }
+    };
+
+    debug!(path = ?dir, "resolved ADJ repository path");
+    Ok(dir)
+}
+
+// Only an absent directory is a cache miss; invalid repositories remain errors.
+pub(crate) fn adj_exists_repo(
+    path: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Result<(Option<Repository>, PathBuf), GitError> {
+    let dir = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
+
+    let res = if dir.try_exists().map_err(GitError::Path)? {
+        Some(gix::open(&dir).map_err(RepositoryError::from)?)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    debug!(path = ?dir, exists = res.is_some(), "checked local ADJ repository");
+    Ok((res, dir))
+}
+
+// Report the checked-out HEAD, which can differ from the requested branch offline.
+pub(crate) fn get_commit_hash(repo: &Repository) -> Result<String, GitError> {
+    let hash = repo.head_id().map_err(RepositoryError::from)?.to_string();
+
+    // Log only the commit ID, not potentially large or sensitive message text.
+    debug!(commit = %hash, "read checked-out ADJ commit");
+    Ok(hash)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fs;
+
+    // Distinguish missing, invalid, and valid local repositories.
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_missing_and_invalid_repositories() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let path = temp.path().join("adj");
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone()))?.0.is_none());
+        fs::create_dir(&path)?;
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path.clone())).is_err());
+        gix::init(&path)?;
+        assert!(adj_exists_repo(Some(path))?.0.is_some());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

From f8f04b02849e91b818380b0e6aebfad48827e624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:11:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] docs(backend, git): update README

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md | 15 ++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
index 950249435..f2e3615ed 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ when updating online.
 
 ## Workflow
 
-`update_adj(path, branch)` returns the checked-out commit hash and full message.
+`update_adj(path, branch)` returns the full hash of the checked-out commit.
 A custom path identifies the ADJ repository itself. The default is
 `<cache directory>/hyperloop-control-station/adj`, using `dirs::cache_dir()`.
 An existing invalid repository or inaccessible path returns an error.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ availability.
 ### Online
 
 - Shallow-clone the requested branch into a temporary directory beside ADJ.
-- Complete checkout and read its commit information before touching the cache.
+- Complete checkout and read its commit hash before touching the cache.
 - Move the old cache aside and install the new checkout.
 - Restore the old cache if installation fails. If restoration also fails,
   preserve the backup and include its location in the error.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ switch is needed because the checkout is replaced.
 
 ### Offline
 
-- If ADJ exists, return its current commit without updating or switching branches.
+- If ADJ exists, return its current commit hash without updating or switching branches.
 - Otherwise, return `ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded`.
 
 The cached branch may differ from the requested branch when offline.
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ updater at a time. The backup and installation renames are not jointly atomic
 across a process crash. The connectivity probe can succeed when GitHub is
 unreachable, or fail when GitHub is reachable.
 
+## Errors
+
+Public helpers return `GitError` with five categories: `Path`, `Repository`,
+`Clone`, `Replacement`, and `UnavailableOffline`. `RepositoryError` and
+`CloneError` group the concrete `gix` causes inside the corresponding categories.
+Only individual reference-iteration errors retain a dynamic source, as exposed
+by `gix`. If rollback fails, `Replacement` also retains the restoration error
+and backup path for recovery.
+
 ## Verification
 
 Tests use temporary local Git repositories and the Git CLI to create fixtures;

From a33f6505876c2c3d522a9c509b6635156622845a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:11:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] update(backend, git): update cargo packages

---
 backend/Cargo.lock | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/Cargo.lock b/backend/Cargo.lock
index 5a9a19ea9..3d6daa45d 100644
--- a/backend/Cargo.lock
+++ b/backend/Cargo.lock
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aws-lc-rs"
-version = "1.18.1"
+version = "1.18.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b281d307588d634de920874890732659e2e7672f72b5e10e81badc1a8a83621e"
+checksum = "faac5829c2b74c28f830747e7818ccfb684261b5f48a1118b1e2a13d36dfab13"
 dependencies = [
  "aws-lc-sys",
  "zeroize",
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "aws-lc-sys"
-version = "0.45.0"
+version = "0.46.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9bff6c3b54fad79a2e60b8102caf565819711497c1f5f092f49508e2f5c31b27"
+checksum = "f1622d8446a2d4b2ce0c7eefc73dd43a99779028d5ee5c2dd8073a658ba8a2bc"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cmake",
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ checksum = "7354288c522e7e980fafd2075d63d1285794c3a6a16cdd492f189ea406e5f18b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f74872d07caf508b30a21f6836e7d7016a2eaf7d9ff4f48deaa58cd8a0407630"
+checksum = "6651c9ed80effdc7db0ff72512157f901af5e3549e341e24b1dd4887d836d838"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
  "jobserver",
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ checksum = "c6232dd377dcc64799954cbd3a9bb882e9cdc1308ccd87b1c098f1fb2eaf82a8"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2624,14 +2624,14 @@ checksum = "e7a5d71263a5a7d47b41f6b3f06ba276f10cc18b0931f1799f710578e2309348"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.151"
+version = "1.0.154"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c841b55ecdae098c80dcae9cf767f6f8a0c2cdb3416bbef72181df4d0fe73f14"
+checksum = "e7e9cc8b1b85264074fbcc02a88680c4096b1e47df8f739dceb03bf482f04bd6"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "memchr",
@@ -2642,9 +2642,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_spanned"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6662b5879511e06e8999a8a235d848113e942c9124f211511b16466ee2995f26"
+checksum = "4e7523beb55eece201a2356bee0bbca0d1ab466c14c07703b2e0ee6d42cb0c2c"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
@@ -2729,9 +2729,9 @@ checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.16.2"
+version = "1.16.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9395f0f0eee849a9b707b2f06bb92a6a422090e2123bb2ef8e87a0e61892a8e"
+checksum = "5b3dc8af474f516a851ff4bd12db780f948b9250ad37211e4eec0bccea54e01b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "socket2"
@@ -2805,9 +2805,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "3.0.6"
+version = "3.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8593e8e72159ed2257d083c7a454a85cbf854f37a0966d8d483aff8c8a3ebcee"
+checksum = "d78c8dee4c7bf0e14673097256fed6142ce9d3b85a408189d07482442145823b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2831,7 +2831,7 @@ checksum = "901704edd0dfe137f1987838ee4f259e4e063c31371bdb423f7ae38ec6f77f02"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2864,7 +2864,7 @@ checksum = "fe5197923287db20a58125f0bc85c062f7f2c892de97b18c356f9efb14b28524"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2946,7 +2946,7 @@ checksum = "78773a2a397f451582ce068015985c33193cf6dea8b74d2a639fe457b2f07b0e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2961,9 +2961,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.19"
+version = "0.7.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "494815d09bf52b5548659851081238f0ca39ff638363907596da739561c62c52"
+checksum = "e464cf451ba96ebfc6f9b6542f17ee8b8956e33f1e40d9690624e59d7a7f8a4b"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -2999,18 +2999,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_parser"
-version = "1.1.3+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.5+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d38ac1cf9b95face32296c0a3ede1fdc270627c9d9c02a7274dd6d960dc4d56"
+checksum = "baa693a8032d7e1cada7d0041e96126df243179ff061456783ac7f12bda4744c"
 dependencies = [
  "winnow 1.0.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_writer"
-version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.3+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d56353a2a665ad0f41a421187180aab746c8c325620617ad883a99a1cbe66d2"
+checksum = "06bdbd8cfc056b8d2e2e85f29b56a3bdbecb527cef81eb39e3e7b98af4652770"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tower"
@@ -3174,9 +3174,9 @@ checksum = "7eec5d1121208364f6793f7d2e222bf75a915c19557537745b195b253dd64217"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.26"
+version = "1.0.27"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d245f478577f809a851594d02313b640fb437e0bb33866753cff937863096954"
+checksum = "a2c754d6c33795a1c324727428e5a7dedb5b06195f9890bdbcba760d3e246563"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-normalization"
@@ -3291,7 +3291,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -3489,7 +3489,7 @@ checksum = "ec8ebde2db3681e8c9980cc27822030e68752690ddfa9473e739aeb4dbde6d71"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -3510,7 +3510,7 @@ checksum = "f75b4683f6c7f45248d4d64056a24298c6281e0993356d7d1b4a1a962ef10d4a"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -3550,7 +3550,7 @@ checksum = "34df6fc39dbd26ddc9c10e6a2984476e13acce22e64e4487636ef494369225da"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 3.0.6",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From 149be35ab50be950cfb59d97cc370b682d953208 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2026 21:28:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] fix(backend, git): fix implementation of
 list_remote_branches and branch_exists. Also add tests for new implementation

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs            |   8 +-
 backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs | 283 +++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 229 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
index f73566257..46c854cef 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ pub use update::update_adj;
 ///
 /// Five categories identify the failed operation and preserve its underlying
 /// error as [`std::error::Error::source`]. [`RepositoryError`] and [`CloneError`]
-/// retain concrete `gix` causes and are boxed to keep this enum small. Only
-/// [`RepositoryError::ReferenceItem`] uses a dynamically typed cause, as exposed
-/// by the `gix` iterator.
+/// retain concrete `gix` causes and are boxed to keep this enum small.
 ///
 /// A failed connectivity probe is not itself an error when cached ADJ exists.
 /// If no cache exists, the operation returns [`GitError::UnavailableOffline`].
@@ -24,8 +22,8 @@ pub enum GitError {
     #[error("ADJ path operation failed: {0}")]
     Path(#[source] std::io::Error),
 
-    /// Opening the repository or reading its references or HEAD failed.
-    /// An absent reference is not itself an error.
+    /// Opening the repository, reading HEAD, or querying local or remote refs failed.
+    /// A branch missing from a successful remote listing is not an error.
     #[error("ADJ repository operation failed: {0}")]
     Repository(#[source] Box<RepositoryError>),
 
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
index b844c29e9..eeb8b2ff6 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ use tracing::{debug, instrument};
 
 /// Concrete repository failures wrapped by [`GitError::Repository`].
 ///
-/// Variants identify the failed read operation and preserve the original `gix`
-/// error as their source. Only [`RepositoryError::ReferenceItem`] has a dynamic
-/// source because the reference iterator returns boxed errors.
+/// Variants identify local reads or remote-reference queries and preserve the
+/// original `gix` error as their source.
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum RepositoryError {
     /// An existing repository could not be opened or validated.
@@ -18,22 +17,21 @@ pub enum RepositoryError {
     #[error("HEAD could not be resolved: {0}")]
     Head(#[from] gix::reference::head_id::Error),
 
-    /// The repository's reference storage could not be opened.
-    #[error("reference storage could not be opened: {0}")]
-    References(#[from] gix::reference::iter::Error),
+    /// No default fetch remote could be determined, including ambiguous configurations.
+    #[error("no default fetch remote could be determined")]
+    NoDefaultRemote,
 
-    /// Iteration over cached remote-tracking references could not be initialized.
-    #[error("reference iteration could not be initialized: {0}")]
-    InitReferences(#[from] gix::reference::iter::init::Error),
+    /// The selected default remote could not be loaded from repository configuration.
+    #[error("default fetch remote could not be loaded: {0}")]
+    FindDefaultRemote(#[from] gix::remote::find::existing::Error),
 
-    /// An individual reference could not be read during iteration.
-    /// The boxed source retains its original type and error chain.
-    #[error("reference could not be read: {0}")]
-    ReferenceItem(#[from] Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>),
+    /// A transport connection to the selected remote could not be prepared.
+    #[error("remote connection failed: {0}")]
+    RemoteConnect(#[from] gix::remote::connect::Error),
 
-    /// Looking up a reference failed; an absent reference is not an error.
-    #[error("reference lookup failed: {0}")]
-    FindReference(#[from] gix::reference::find::Error),
+    /// The remote handshake or query of advertised references failed.
+    #[error("remote reference query failed: {0}")]
+    RemoteRefMap(#[from] gix::remote::ref_map::Error),
 }
 
 /// Opens an existing repository without fetching or changing its checkout.
@@ -55,59 +53,230 @@ pub fn open_repo(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Repository, GitError> {
     Ok(repo)
 }
 
-/// Lists locally cached remote-tracking branches without contacting the remote.
+/// Lists the branch names advertised by the repository's default fetch remote.
 ///
-/// `path` identifies the repository directory. Names retain the remote prefix,
-/// such as `origin/main`; the results can be stale, are not explicitly sorted,
-/// and may include symbolic references such as `origin/HEAD`.
+/// `repo` supplies the configuration used to select the default fetch remote.
+/// Returns sorted short names such as `main` or `feature/example`, excluding tags
+/// and `HEAD`. Queries the remote without downloading objects or updating local
+/// references. Configured fetch refspecs do not limit the advertised branches.
+/// This is a blocking operation and requires access to the remote.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
-/// Returns [`GitError::Repository`] if the repository cannot be opened or its
-/// references cannot be read.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn list_remote_branches(path: PathBuf) -> Result<Vec<String>, GitError> {
-    let repo = gix::open(&path).map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
-
-    let mut branches = Vec::new();
-
-    // Inspect local remote-tracking refs, not the remote server's advertised refs.
-    for reference in repo
-        .references()
-        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
-        .remote_branches()
-        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
-    {
-        let reference = reference.map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
-        branches.push(reference.name().shorten().to_string());
-    }
+/// Returns [`GitError::Repository`] if no default remote can be determined, or
+/// remote configuration, connection, or reference discovery fails. Does not fall
+/// back to cached branches on failure.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo), err(level = "warn"))]
+pub fn list_remote_branches(repo: &Repository) -> Result<Vec<String>, GitError> {
+    let remote = repo
+        .find_default_remote(gix::remote::Direction::Fetch)
+        .ok_or(RepositoryError::NoDefaultRemote)?
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+
+    debug!(
+        git_dir = ?repo.path(),
+        "querying branches advertised by the default fetch remote"
+    );
+    let conexion = remote
+        .connect(gix::remote::Direction::Fetch)
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+    let (mapa, _handshake) = conexion
+        .ref_map(
+            gix::progress::Discard,
+            gix::remote::ref_map::Options {
+                // Protocol v2 must not restrict ls-refs to a single-branch refspec.
+                prefix_from_spec_as_filter_on_remote: false,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?;
+
+    let mut ramas: Vec<String> = mapa
+        .remote_refs
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|r| {
+            let (nombre, _, _) = r.unpack();
+            nombre
+                .to_string()
+                .strip_prefix("refs/heads/")
+                .map(str::to_string)
+        })
+        .collect();
 
+    ramas.sort();
     debug!(
-        ?path,
-        count = branches.len(),
-        "listed cached remote-tracking branches"
+        git_dir = ?repo.path(),
+        count = ramas.len(),
+        "listed advertised remote branches"
     );
-    Ok(branches)
+    Ok(ramas)
 }
 
-/// Checks whether a remote-tracking branch is cached in `repo`.
+/// Checks whether the default fetch remote advertises the requested branch.
 ///
-/// `remote` is the remote name, such as `origin`; `name` is the branch name, such
-/// as `main` or `feature/example`. Looks up `refs/remotes/<remote>/<name>` without
-/// contacting the server or checking local branches. `false` means the reference
-/// is absent locally, not necessarily that the branch is absent on the server.
+/// `repo` selects the remote and `name` is its exact short branch name, such as
+/// `main` or `feature/example`, without an `origin/` prefix. Calls
+/// [`list_remote_branches`] and returns `true` if the name is in the result.
+/// `false` means the query succeeded but the remote did not advertise that name.
+/// This is a blocking remote query, not a check of cached references.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
-/// Returns [`GitError::Repository`] if the reference name is invalid or the
-/// reference cannot be read. A missing reference returns `Ok(false)`.
-#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo), err(level = "warn"))]
-pub fn branch_exists(repo: &gix::Repository, remote: &str, name: &str) -> Result<bool, GitError> {
-    let full = format!("refs/remotes/{remote}/{name}");
-    let exists = repo
-        .try_find_reference(full.as_str())
-        .map_err(RepositoryError::from)?
-        .is_some();
-    debug!(reference = %full, exists, "checked cached remote-tracking branch");
+/// Propagates the original [`GitError`] from [`list_remote_branches`]. A missing
+/// remote or failed connection is an error, never `Ok(false)`.
+// The delegated listing logs failures; do not emit the same warning twice.
+#[instrument(level = "debug", skip(repo))]
+pub fn branch_exists(repo: &Repository, name: &str) -> Result<bool, GitError> {
+    let branches = list_remote_branches(repo)?;
+    let exists = branches.iter().any(|branch| branch == name);
+    debug!(name, exists, "checked advertised remote branch");
     Ok(exists)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::{fs, io, path::Path, process::Command};
+
+    type TestResult<T = ()> = Result<T, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>;
+
+    fn git(path: &Path, args: &[&str]) -> TestResult {
+        // Provide fixture identity and disable user signing, hooks, and templates.
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .current_dir(path)
+            .args([
+                "-c",
+                "user.name=ADJ tests",
+                "-c",
+                "user.email=adj@example.test",
+                "-c",
+                "commit.gpgSign=false",
+                "-c",
+                "tag.gpgSign=false",
+                "-c",
+                "core.hooksPath=",
+                "-c",
+                "init.templateDir=",
+            ])
+            .args(args)
+            .output()?;
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(io::Error::other(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)).into());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn local_remote() -> TestResult<(tempfile::TempDir, Repository)> {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let remote = temp.path().join("remote");
+        let client = temp.path().join("client");
+        fs::create_dir(&remote)?;
+        fs::create_dir(&client)?;
+        git(&remote, &["init", "--initial-branch=main"])?;
+        fs::write(remote.join("data.txt"), "ADJ fixture")?;
+        git(&remote, &["add", "."])?;
+        git(&remote, &["commit", "-m", "fixture data"])?;
+        git(&remote, &["branch", "software"])?;
+        git(&remote, &["branch", "feature/example"])?;
+        git(&remote, &["tag", "v1"])?;
+
+        // No clone or fetch: only main is tracked, and no remote refs are cached.
+        git(&client, &["init", "--initial-branch=main"])?;
+        git(
+            &client,
+            &[
+                "remote",
+                "add",
+                "-t",
+                "main",
+                "origin",
+                remote.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?,
+            ],
+        )?;
+        // Exercise ls-refs prefix filtering rather than protocol v1's full advertisement.
+        git(&client, &["config", "protocol.version", "2"])?;
+        let repo = gix::open(&client)?;
+        Ok((temp, repo))
+    }
+
+    // List all advertised branches despite a main-only refspec, without fetching.
+    #[test]
+    fn lists_all_remote_branches_without_fetching() -> TestResult {
+        let (temp, repo) = local_remote()?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            list_remote_branches(&repo)?,
+            ["feature/example", "main", "software"]
+        );
+        for name in ["feature/example", "main", "software"] {
+            let reference = format!("refs/remotes/origin/{name}");
+            assert!(repo.try_find_reference(reference.as_str())?.is_none());
+        }
+        let remote_commit = gix::open(temp.path().join("remote"))?.head_id()?.detach();
+        assert!(repo.find_object(remote_commit).is_err());
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Remote existence must not depend on having the branch cached locally.
+    #[test]
+    fn finds_uncached_remote_branch() -> TestResult {
+        let (_temp, repo) = local_remote()?;
+        assert!(
+            repo.try_find_reference("refs/remotes/origin/feature/example")?
+                .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(branch_exists(&repo, "feature/example")?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Only exact short names match after a successful remote query.
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_missing_and_remote_prefixed_branch_names() -> TestResult {
+        let (_temp, repo) = local_remote()?;
+        assert!(!branch_exists(&repo, "missing-branch")?);
+        assert!(!branch_exists(&repo, "origin/main")?);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // Missing remote configuration is an explicit error for both helpers.
+    #[test]
+    fn propagates_missing_default_remote() -> TestResult {
+        let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
+        let repo = gix::init(temp.path())?;
+        for result in [
+            list_remote_branches(&repo).map(|_| ()),
+            branch_exists(&repo, "main").map(|_| ()),
+        ] {
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(GitError::Repository(error))
+                if matches!(*error, RepositoryError::NoDefaultRemote)));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // An unreachable source must remain an error, not false or an empty listing.
+    #[test]
+    fn propagates_inaccessible_remote() -> TestResult {
+        let (temp, _) = local_remote()?;
+        let client = temp.path().join("client");
+        let missing = temp.path().join("missing-remote");
+        git(
+            &client,
+            &[
+                "remote",
+                "set-url",
+                "origin",
+                missing.to_str().ok_or("non-UTF-8 test path")?,
+            ],
+        )?;
+        // Reopen to pick up the changed remote URL instead of the old config snapshot.
+        let repo = gix::open(&client)?;
+        for result in [
+            list_remote_branches(&repo).map(|_| ()),
+            branch_exists(&repo, "main").map(|_| ()),
+        ] {
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(GitError::Repository(error))
+                if matches!(*error,
+                    RepositoryError::RemoteConnect(_) | RepositoryError::RemoteRefMap(_))));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

From cda8fb6aa3acfbeb24f47141d69aaf9caf8d2b66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2026 21:29:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] docs(backend, git): small changes in README

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md | 24 +++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
index f2e3615ed..e06a8f6fe 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # ADJ Git helpers
 
-This module manages ADJ as an application-owned, replaceable data cache using
-`gix`, with `tracing` for logging. It does not preserve local edits or commits
-when updating online.
+This module downloads and updates the local [ADJ repository](https://github.com/Hyperloop-UPV/adj) using [`gix`](https://crates.io/crates/gix), with [`tracing`](https://crates.io/crates/tracing) for logging. It supports branch selection and offline use of an existing local checkout.
 
 ## Workflow
 
@@ -17,6 +15,8 @@ availability.
 
 ### Online
 
+Online updates replace the local checkout and do not preserve local edits or commits.
+
 - Shallow-clone the requested branch into a temporary directory beside ADJ.
 - Complete checkout and read its commit hash before touching the cache.
 - Move the old cache aside and install the new checkout.
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ availability.
 - Remove the old cache after successful installation.
 
 A clone error leaves the old cache untouched and is returned directly; it does
-not automatically fall back to offline operation. No fetch, merge, or branch
-switch is needed because the checkout is replaced.
+not automatically fall back to offline operation. No separate fetch of the
+existing cache, merge, or branch switch is needed because the checkout is replaced.
 
 ### Offline
 
@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ The cached branch may differ from the requested branch when offline.
 ## Other Helpers
 
 - `open_repo` opens the custom or default repository path.
-- `list_remote_branches` lists cached remote-tracking references, without making
-  a network request. Results can be stale and include the remote name.
-- `branch_exists` checks for a cached `refs/remotes/<remote>/<branch>` reference.
+- `list_remote_branches(repo)` queries the default fetch remote and returns sorted short
+  branch names, without downloading objects or updating local references. It
+  requires remote access and does not fall back to cached branches on failure.
+- `branch_exists(repo, name)` uses that listing to check an exact short branch
+  name. Query errors are propagated; `false` means a successful query did not
+  find the branch, not that the remote was unreachable.
 
 ## Limitations
 
@@ -54,9 +57,8 @@ unreachable, or fail when GitHub is reachable.
 Public helpers return `GitError` with five categories: `Path`, `Repository`,
 `Clone`, `Replacement`, and `UnavailableOffline`. `RepositoryError` and
 `CloneError` group the concrete `gix` causes inside the corresponding categories.
-Only individual reference-iteration errors retain a dynamic source, as exposed
-by `gix`. If rollback fails, `Replacement` also retains the restoration error
-and backup path for recovery.
+If rollback fails, `Replacement` also retains the restoration error and backup
+path for recovery.
 
 ## Verification
 

From f5821af746ecd441fe1835dd199737be93249037 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2026 18:33:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] refactor(backend, git): separete errors in specific
 file

---
 backend/crates/core/src/git.rs            |  69 +-----------
 backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs      |  39 ++-----
 backend/crates/core/src/git/error.rs      | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs |  33 +-----
 4 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/crates/core/src/git/error.rs

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
index 46c854cef..3418342c0 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git.rs
@@ -1,72 +1,11 @@
 //! Blocking Git helpers for ADJ, an application-owned, replaceable data cache.
 
 mod clone;
+mod error;
 mod repository;
 mod update;
 
-pub use clone::CloneError;
-pub use repository::{RepositoryError, branch_exists, list_remote_branches, open_repo};
+pub use error::{CloneError, GitError, RepositoryError};
+pub use repository::{branch_exists, list_remote_branches, open_repo};
+pub(crate) use update::unwrap_repo_path;
 pub use update::update_adj;
-
-/// Errors produced while reading, downloading, or replacing the ADJ cache.
-///
-/// Five categories identify the failed operation and preserve its underlying
-/// error as [`std::error::Error::source`]. [`RepositoryError`] and [`CloneError`]
-/// retain concrete `gix` causes and are boxed to keep this enum small.
-///
-/// A failed connectivity probe is not itself an error when cached ADJ exists.
-/// If no cache exists, the operation returns [`GitError::UnavailableOffline`].
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum GitError {
-    /// Resolving, inspecting, or preparing the cache directory failed.
-    #[error("ADJ path operation failed: {0}")]
-    Path(#[source] std::io::Error),
-
-    /// Opening the repository, reading HEAD, or querying local or remote refs failed.
-    /// A branch missing from a successful remote listing is not an error.
-    #[error("ADJ repository operation failed: {0}")]
-    Repository(#[source] Box<RepositoryError>),
-
-    /// Preparing, downloading, or checking out the requested branch failed.
-    ///
-    /// This can indicate a network, configuration, or remote-reference failure;
-    /// it does not necessarily mean that internet connectivity is unavailable.
-    #[error("ADJ clone failed: {0}")]
-    Clone(#[source] Box<CloneError>),
-
-    /// Moving the old cache aside or installing the new checkout failed.
-    ///
-    /// When restoration also fails, `rollback` holds its error and the preserved
-    /// backup's location. Otherwise, the old cache was restored or never moved.
-    #[error(
-        "ADJ cache replacement failed: {source}{recovery}",
-        recovery = .rollback.as_ref().map(|(error, path)| {
-            format!("; rollback failed: {error}; backup kept at {}", path.display())
-        }).unwrap_or_default()
-    )]
-    Replacement {
-        /// The original error moving the old cache or installing the new checkout.
-        #[source]
-        source: std::io::Error,
-        /// Restoration error and preserved backup path, if rollback failed.
-        rollback: Option<(std::io::Error, std::path::PathBuf)>,
-    },
-
-    /// The connectivity probe failed and no local ADJ cache was available.
-    #[error("ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded")]
-    UnavailableOffline,
-}
-
-// Convert repository errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
-impl From<RepositoryError> for GitError {
-    fn from(error: RepositoryError) -> Self {
-        Self::Repository(Box::new(error))
-    }
-}
-
-// Convert clone errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
-impl From<CloneError> for GitError {
-    fn from(error: CloneError) -> Self {
-        Self::Clone(Box::new(error))
-    }
-}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
index 006f127ab..bccc73c9f 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/clone.rs
@@ -1,38 +1,13 @@
-use super::{GitError, update::get_commit_hash};
+use super::{
+    error::{CloneError, GitError},
+    update::get_commit_hash,
+};
 use gix::Repository;
 use std::{fs, path::Path, sync::atomic::AtomicBool};
 use tracing::{debug, info, instrument, warn};
 
 const GIT_REMOTE: &str = "origin";
 
-/// Concrete clone failures wrapped by [`GitError::Clone`].
-///
-/// Preparation, name validation, fetching, and checkout expose different `gix`
-/// error types. These variants retain each original error as their source.
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum CloneError {
-    /// Clone preparation failed before downloading repository data.
-    #[error("clone preparation failed: {0}")]
-    Prepare(#[from] gix::clone::Error),
-
-    /// The configured remote name was invalid.
-    #[error("remote name is invalid: {0}")]
-    RemoteName(#[from] gix::remote::name::Error),
-
-    /// The requested branch name was not a valid Git reference name.
-    #[error("branch name is invalid: {0}")]
-    BranchName(#[from] gix::validate::reference::name::Error),
-
-    /// Fetching failed, including a missing requested branch.
-    /// This can indicate network, configuration, or remote-reference failures.
-    #[error("fetch failed: {0}")]
-    Fetch(#[from] gix::clone::fetch::Error),
-
-    /// Downloaded data could not be checked out into the working tree.
-    #[error("checkout failed: {0}")]
-    Checkout(#[from] gix::clone::checkout::main_worktree::Error),
-}
-
 // Fetch and check out the requested branch instead of switching an existing repo.
 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(url))]
 fn git_clone(path: &Path, branch: &str, url: &str) -> Result<Repository, GitError> {
@@ -171,7 +146,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     // Verify branch selection, newer commits, and removal of stale cache files.
     #[test]
-    fn clones_and_replaces_with_requested_branch() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    fn clones_and_replaces_with_requested_branch()
+    -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
         let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
         let source = temp.path().join("source");
         let cache = temp.path().join("cache").join("adj");
@@ -210,7 +186,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     // Verify clone failures preserve cached ADJ and leave no staging debris.
     #[test]
-    fn failed_clone_preserves_existing_cache() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    fn failed_clone_preserves_existing_cache()
+    -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
         let temp = tempfile::tempdir()?;
         let source = temp.path().join("source");
         let cache = temp.path().join("adj");
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/error.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/error.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec3c3f69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/// Errors produced while reading, downloading, or replacing the ADJ cache.
+///
+/// Five categories identify the failed operation and preserve its underlying
+/// error as [`std::error::Error::source`]. [`RepositoryError`] and [`CloneError`]
+/// retain concrete `gix` causes and are boxed to keep this enum small.
+///
+/// A failed connectivity probe is not itself an error when cached ADJ exists.
+/// If no cache exists, the operation returns [`GitError::UnavailableOffline`].
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum GitError {
+    /// Resolving, inspecting, or preparing the cache directory failed.
+    #[error("ADJ path operation failed: {0}")]
+    Path(#[source] std::io::Error),
+
+    /// Opening the repository, reading HEAD, or querying local or remote refs failed.
+    /// A branch missing from a successful remote listing is not an error.
+    #[error("ADJ repository operation failed: {0}")]
+    Repository(#[source] Box<RepositoryError>),
+
+    /// Preparing, downloading, or checking out the requested branch failed.
+    ///
+    /// This can indicate a network, configuration, or remote-reference failure;
+    /// it does not necessarily mean that internet connectivity is unavailable.
+    #[error("ADJ clone failed: {0}")]
+    Clone(#[source] Box<CloneError>),
+
+    /// Moving the old cache aside or installing the new checkout failed.
+    ///
+    /// When restoration also fails, `rollback` holds its error and the preserved
+    /// backup's location. Otherwise, the old cache was restored or never moved.
+    #[error(
+        "ADJ cache replacement failed: {source}{recovery}",
+        recovery = .rollback.as_ref().map(|(error, path)| {
+            format!("; rollback failed: {error}; backup kept at {}", path.display())
+        }).unwrap_or_default()
+    )]
+    Replacement {
+        /// The original error moving the old cache or installing the new checkout.
+        #[source]
+        source: std::io::Error,
+        /// Restoration error and preserved backup path, if rollback failed.
+        rollback: Option<(std::io::Error, std::path::PathBuf)>,
+    },
+
+    /// The connectivity probe failed and no local ADJ cache was available.
+    #[error("ADJ is not available locally and cannot be downloaded")]
+    UnavailableOffline,
+}
+
+// Convert repository errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
+impl From<RepositoryError> for GitError {
+    fn from(error: RepositoryError) -> Self {
+        Self::Repository(Box::new(error))
+    }
+}
+
+// Convert clone errors for '?' propagation, boxing the concrete error to keep GitError small.
+impl From<CloneError> for GitError {
+    fn from(error: CloneError) -> Self {
+        Self::Clone(Box::new(error))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Concrete clone failures wrapped by [`GitError::Clone`].
+///
+/// Preparation, name validation, fetching, and checkout expose different `gix`
+/// error types. These variants retain each original error as their source.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum CloneError {
+    /// Clone preparation failed before downloading repository data.
+    #[error("clone preparation failed: {0}")]
+    Prepare(#[from] gix::clone::Error),
+
+    /// The configured remote name was invalid.
+    #[error("remote name is invalid: {0}")]
+    RemoteName(#[from] gix::remote::name::Error),
+
+    /// The requested branch name was not a valid Git reference name.
+    #[error("branch name is invalid: {0}")]
+    BranchName(#[from] gix::validate::reference::name::Error),
+
+    /// Fetching failed, including a missing requested branch.
+    /// This can indicate network, configuration, or remote-reference failures.
+    #[error("fetch failed: {0}")]
+    Fetch(#[from] gix::clone::fetch::Error),
+
+    /// Downloaded data could not be checked out into the working tree.
+    #[error("checkout failed: {0}")]
+    Checkout(#[from] gix::clone::checkout::main_worktree::Error),
+}
+
+/// Concrete repository failures wrapped by [`GitError::Repository`].
+///
+/// Variants identify local reads or remote-reference queries and preserve the
+/// original `gix` error as their source.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum RepositoryError {
+    /// An existing repository could not be opened or validated.
+    #[error("repository could not be opened: {0}")]
+    Open(#[from] gix::open::Error),
+
+    /// HEAD could not be resolved to a commit ID, including an unborn HEAD.
+    #[error("HEAD could not be resolved: {0}")]
+    Head(#[from] gix::reference::head_id::Error),
+
+    /// No default fetch remote could be determined, including ambiguous configurations.
+    #[error("no default fetch remote could be determined")]
+    NoDefaultRemote,
+
+    /// The selected default remote could not be loaded from repository configuration.
+    #[error("default fetch remote could not be loaded: {0}")]
+    FindDefaultRemote(#[from] gix::remote::find::existing::Error),
+
+    /// A transport connection to the selected remote could not be prepared.
+    #[error("remote connection failed: {0}")]
+    RemoteConnect(#[from] gix::remote::connect::Error),
+
+    /// The remote handshake or query of advertised references failed.
+    #[error("remote reference query failed: {0}")]
+    RemoteRefMap(#[from] gix::remote::ref_map::Error),
+}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
index eeb8b2ff6..cd8d83b1a 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
@@ -1,39 +1,8 @@
-use super::{GitError, update::unwrap_repo_path};
+use super::{error::{RepositoryError, GitError}, update::unwrap_repo_path};
 use gix::Repository;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};
 
-/// Concrete repository failures wrapped by [`GitError::Repository`].
-///
-/// Variants identify local reads or remote-reference queries and preserve the
-/// original `gix` error as their source.
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-pub enum RepositoryError {
-    /// An existing repository could not be opened or validated.
-    #[error("repository could not be opened: {0}")]
-    Open(#[from] gix::open::Error),
-
-    /// HEAD could not be resolved to a commit ID, including an unborn HEAD.
-    #[error("HEAD could not be resolved: {0}")]
-    Head(#[from] gix::reference::head_id::Error),
-
-    /// No default fetch remote could be determined, including ambiguous configurations.
-    #[error("no default fetch remote could be determined")]
-    NoDefaultRemote,
-
-    /// The selected default remote could not be loaded from repository configuration.
-    #[error("default fetch remote could not be loaded: {0}")]
-    FindDefaultRemote(#[from] gix::remote::find::existing::Error),
-
-    /// A transport connection to the selected remote could not be prepared.
-    #[error("remote connection failed: {0}")]
-    RemoteConnect(#[from] gix::remote::connect::Error),
-
-    /// The remote handshake or query of advertised references failed.
-    #[error("remote reference query failed: {0}")]
-    RemoteRefMap(#[from] gix::remote::ref_map::Error),
-}
-
 /// Opens an existing repository without fetching or changing its checkout.
 ///
 /// `path` is the repository directory. If omitted, it defaults to

From 791cad7f6b892d24999388da6689389abbd79d4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pau Minguet <pminmic@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 2026 18:43:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] feat(backend, adj): implement auto_adj() and create new
 LoadError for it

---
 backend/crates/core/src/adj.rs            | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 backend/crates/core/src/adj/error.rs      | 12 +++++-
 backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs |  5 ++-
 3 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/adj.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/adj.rs
index 839f4fa4a..91179897a 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/adj.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/adj.rs
@@ -2,23 +2,35 @@
 //! [`crate::model::PodData`], plus backend-session metadata not modeled as
 //! vehicle data ([`crate::adj::AdjInfo`]).
 //!
-//! Loading (and if `git` feature is enabled also downloading) is not specific to `station`: a sniffer, a
-//! simulator, or any other tool that reads an ADJ needs exactly the same
-//! parsing. Scope for this iteration: no `sockets.json`, no
+//! [`load_from_dir`] loads an existing ADJ directory. With the `git` feature
+//! enabled, `auto_adj` updates the ADJ repository before loading its data
+//! and returns the checked-out commit hash.
+//!
+//! Loading is not specific to `station`: a sniffer, a simulator, or any
+//! other tool that reads an ADJ needs exactly the same parsing.
+//!
+//! Scope for this iteration: no `sockets.json`, no
 //! `period`/`period_type`/`socket` packet fields (matches
 //! [`crate::model::PacketDef`]'s own omission), and no schema validation
 //! (`adj::validate` is a separate, deliberately out-of-scope concern for
-//! now) — this module only surfaces structural errors it cannot avoid,
+//! now). This module only surfaces structural errors it cannot avoid,
 //! e.g. a packet referencing a measurement alias that doesn't exist.
 
 mod error;
 mod info;
 mod raw;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+use tracing::{info, instrument};
+
 pub use error::{LoadError, MeasurementError, ProtectionError};
 pub use info::{AdjInfo, ProtectionTypeInfo};
 pub use raw::load_from_dir;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+use crate::git::{unwrap_repo_path, update_adj};
 use crate::model::PodData;
 
 /// The result of loading an ADJ: the vehicle's data (as [`crate::model`]
@@ -31,3 +43,31 @@ pub struct Adj {
     /// Backend-session metadata from `general_info.json`.
     pub info: AdjInfo,
 }
+
+/// Updates the ADJ repository, loads its data, and returns its full commit hash.
+///
+/// `path` identifies the repository directory, not its parent. If omitted,
+/// the platform's user cache directory is used.
+///
+/// Online, the repository is replaced and local edits and commits are discarded.
+/// Offline, the current cached checkout is loaded without switching branches,
+/// so it may differ from `branch`. Clone failures do not fall back to the cache.
+///
+/// This performs blocking network and filesystem operations. Call during startup,
+/// before readers use ADJ, with only one updater at a time.
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// Returns [`LoadError::Git`] if path resolution or the update fails.
+/// Other variants report failures loading the checked-out ADJ data.
+/// Loading failures do not restore the previous cache.
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+#[instrument(level = "debug")]
+pub fn auto_adj(path: Option<PathBuf>, branch: &str) -> Result<(Adj, String), LoadError> {
+    let repo_path = unwrap_repo_path(path)?;
+    let hash = update_adj(Some(repo_path.clone()), branch)?;
+    let adj = load_from_dir(&repo_path)?;
+
+    info!(path = ?repo_path, %hash, "ADJ loaded");
+    Ok((adj, hash))
+}
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/adj/error.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/adj/error.rs
index 2f6d31764..957c3a662 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/adj/error.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/adj/error.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Errors produced while loading an ADJ.
+//! Errors produced while acquiring or loading an ADJ.
 //!
 //! Layered on purpose: [`LoadError`] is the only public error type here —
 //! the one a composition root's own aggregate error would `#[from]`-chain
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@
 use std::net::AddrParseError;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-/// An error produced while loading an ADJ directory into an [`crate::adj::Adj`].
+#[cfg(feature = "git")]
+use crate::git::GitError;
+
+/// An error produced while acquiring or loading an [`crate::adj::Adj`].
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum LoadError {
     /// Couldn't read a file.
@@ -108,6 +111,11 @@ pub enum LoadError {
         #[source]
         source: MeasurementError,
     },
+
+    /// Couldn't resolve the ADJ repository path or update its checkout.
+    #[cfg(feature = "git")]
+    #[error("couldn't prepare ADJ repository: {0}")]
+    Git(#[from] GitError),
 }
 
 /// An error converting a raw measurement into [`crate::model::Measurement`].
diff --git a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
index cd8d83b1a..22e16b294 100644
--- a/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
+++ b/backend/crates/core/src/git/repository.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use super::{error::{RepositoryError, GitError}, update::unwrap_repo_path};
+use super::{
+    error::{GitError, RepositoryError},
+    update::unwrap_repo_path,
+};
 use gix::Repository;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};