diff --git a/.changeset/spotty-melons-listen.md b/.changeset/spotty-melons-listen.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36b5c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/spotty-melons-listen.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"react-live": patch
+---
+
+Keep an effect cleanup error from a replaced snippet inside the preview. `LivePreview`'s error boundary was keyed on the code, so changing the code remounted it in the same commit that unmounted the element it was meant to catch. A snippet whose `useEffect` returned something other than a function (`React.useEffect(() => [])`) threw there uncatchably, and the error reached the app's root boundary and took the page down instead of showing up in `LiveError`. The boundary now stays mounted and resets its error state through a `resetKey` prop.
diff --git a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.test.jsx b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.test.jsx
index f08cf16..8b1fca6 100644
--- a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.test.jsx
+++ b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.test.jsx
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { useContext, useEffect } from "react";
+import { act, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
 
 import { ErrorBoundary } from "./ErrorBoundary";
 import LiveProvider from "./LiveProvider";
 import LivePreview from "./LivePreview";
 import LiveError from "./LiveError";
+import LiveContext from "./LiveContext";
 
 const Boom = () => {
   throw new Error("render exploded");
@@ -68,10 +70,56 @@ describe("ErrorBoundary", () => {
     expect(await screen.findByText(/runtime boom/)).toBeDefined();
   });
 
+  /**
+   * #413. `() => []` is a valid effect callback that returns an array, so React
+   * only trips over it when it runs the returned value as the cleanup -- which
+   * happens when the preview element is replaced by an edit. The boundary used
+   * to be keyed on the code, so it was removed in the same commit as the element
+   * it was meant to catch, and the throw ran all the way up to the app's root
+   * boundary. Here the outer ErrorBoundary stands in for that root boundary: if
+   * the throw reaches it the whole page is gone, not just the preview.
+   *
+   * `LiveEditor`'s onChange is what a paste calls; jsdom has no contentEditable
+   * editing model, so the edit is driven through the same callback it wires up.
+   */
+  it("keeps an effect cleanup error inside the preview when the code changes", async () => {
+    const onPageError = vi.fn();
+    let changeCode;
+    const CaptureOnChange = () => {
+      const { onChange } = useContext(LiveContext);
+      useEffect(() => {
+        changeCode = onChange;
+      }, [onChange]);
+      return null;
+    };
+
+    render(
+      <ErrorBoundary onError={onPageError}>
+        <LiveProvider code="<h3>first</h3>">
+          <CaptureOnChange />
+          <LivePreview />
+          <LiveError data-testid="live-error" />
+        </LiveProvider>
+      </ErrorBoundary>,
+    );
+    expect(await screen.findByRole("heading", { name: "first" })).toBeDefined();
+
+    await act(async () => changeCode("() => { React.useEffect(() => []) }"));
+    await act(async () => changeCode("<h3>second</h3>"));
+
+    expect(onPageError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect((await screen.findByTestId("live-error")).textContent).toMatch(
+      /destroy is not a function/,
+    );
+
+    await act(async () => changeCode("<h3>third</h3>"));
+    expect(await screen.findByRole("heading", { name: "third" })).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
   /**
    * `getDerivedStateFromError` makes `hasError` sticky for the lifetime of the
-   * boundary instance. That is only safe because a new boundary class is built
-   * on every transpile, so a fixed snippet gets a fresh one.
+   * boundary instance, so `LivePreview` clears it from the new code through
+   * `resetKey` rather than remounting the boundary (see #413).
    */
   it("recovers once erroring code is fixed", async () => {
     const ui = (code) => (
diff --git a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.tsx b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.tsx
index b949d05..98bf613 100644
--- a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/ErrorBoundary.tsx
@@ -3,20 +3,29 @@ import { Component, ReactNode } from "react";
 type Props = {
   children: ReactNode;
   onError?: (error: Error) => void;
+  resetKey?: string;
 };
 
 type State = {
   hasError: boolean;
+  resetKey?: string;
 };
 
 export class ErrorBoundary extends Component<Props, State> {
+  static getDerivedStateFromProps({ resetKey }: Props, state: State) {
+    if (resetKey !== state.resetKey) {
+      return { hasError: false, resetKey };
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
   static getDerivedStateFromError() {
     return { hasError: true };
   }
 
   constructor(props: Props) {
     super(props);
-    this.state = { hasError: false };
+    this.state = { hasError: false, resetKey: props.resetKey };
   }
 
   componentDidCatch(err: Error): void {
diff --git a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/LivePreview.tsx b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/LivePreview.tsx
index 1533b15..970f516 100644
--- a/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/LivePreview.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-live/src/components/Live/LivePreview.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function LivePreview({ Component = "div", ...rest }: Props): React.JSX.Element {
   const { element: Element, onError, newCode } = useContext(LiveContext);
 
   return (
-    <ErrorBoundary key={newCode} onError={onError}>
+    <ErrorBoundary resetKey={newCode} onError={onError}>
       <Component {...rest}>{Element ? <Element /> : null}</Component>
     </ErrorBoundary>
   );