diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 8689fa4..30e6459 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -57,6 +57,26 @@ provider = FlagsmithProvider(
 )
 ```
 
-The provider can then be used with the OpenFeature client as per 
+The provider can then be used with the OpenFeature client as per
 [the documentation](https://openfeature.dev/docs/reference/concepts/evaluation-api#setting-a-provider).
 
+### Evaluation Context
+
+The evaluation context supports traits in two ways:
+1. Flat top-level attributes
+2. A nested traits object
+
+The two forms are merged and sent to Flagsmith, with the traits object taking precedence if keys conflict.
+
+```python
+context = EvaluationContext( # Traits are: {"abc":"def", "foo": "bar2"}
+    targeting_key="user",
+    attributes={
+        "foo": "bar", 
+        "abc": "def", 
+        "traits": {"foo": "bar2"}
+    },
+)
+
+```
+
diff --git a/openfeature_flagsmith/provider.py b/openfeature_flagsmith/provider.py
index a9a6661..29f0a10 100644
--- a/openfeature_flagsmith/provider.py
+++ b/openfeature_flagsmith/provider.py
@@ -134,8 +134,10 @@ def _resolve(
 
     def _get_flags(self, evaluation_context: EvaluationContext = EvaluationContext()):
         if targeting_key := evaluation_context.targeting_key:
+            nested_traits = evaluation_context.attributes.pop("traits", {})
+            flattened_traits = {**evaluation_context.attributes, **nested_traits}
             return self._client.get_identity_flags(
                 identifier=targeting_key,
-                traits=evaluation_context.attributes.get("traits", {}),
+                traits=flattened_traits,
             )
         return self._client.get_environment_flags()
diff --git a/tests/test_provider.py b/tests/test_provider.py
index 1126482..75d9be3 100644
--- a/tests/test_provider.py
+++ b/tests/test_provider.py
@@ -319,6 +319,118 @@ def test_identity_flags_are_used_if_targeting_key_provided(
     )
 
 
+def test_identity_flags_are_used_with_flat_attributes(
+    mock_flagsmith_client: MagicMock,
+) -> None:
+    # Given
+    key = "key"
+    targeting_key = "targeting_key"
+    traits = {"foo": "bar", "age": 25}
+    value = "foo"
+    default_value = "default"
+
+    provider = FlagsmithProvider(mock_flagsmith_client)
+
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_environment_flags.side_effect = NotImplementedError()
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.return_value = Flags(
+        {key: Flag(feature_id=1, feature_name=key, enabled=True, value=value)}
+    )
+
+    # When
+    result = provider.resolve_string_details(
+        flag_key=key,
+        default_value=default_value,
+        evaluation_context=EvaluationContext(
+            targeting_key=targeting_key, attributes=traits
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Then
+    assert result.value == value
+    assert result.error_code is None
+    assert result.reason is None
+
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.assert_called_once_with(
+        identifier=targeting_key, traits=traits
+    )
+
+
+def test_identity_flags_flat_attributes_and_nested_traits_are_merged(
+    mock_flagsmith_client: MagicMock,
+) -> None:
+    # Given
+    key = "key"
+    targeting_key = "targeting_key"
+    value = "foo"
+    default_value = "default"
+
+    provider = FlagsmithProvider(mock_flagsmith_client)
+
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_environment_flags.side_effect = NotImplementedError()
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.return_value = Flags(
+        {key: Flag(feature_id=1, feature_name=key, enabled=True, value=value)}
+    )
+
+    # When
+    result = provider.resolve_string_details(
+        flag_key=key,
+        default_value=default_value,
+        evaluation_context=EvaluationContext(
+            targeting_key=targeting_key,
+            attributes={
+                "flat_trait": "flat_value",
+                "traits": {"nested_trait": "nested_value"},
+            },
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Then
+    assert result.value == value
+    assert result.error_code is None
+    assert result.reason is None
+
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.assert_called_once_with(
+        identifier=targeting_key,
+        traits={"flat_trait": "flat_value", "nested_trait": "nested_value"},
+    )
+
+
+def test_identity_flags_nested_traits_take_precedence_over_flat_attributes(
+    mock_flagsmith_client: MagicMock,
+) -> None:
+    # Given
+    key = "key"
+    targeting_key = "targeting_key"
+    value = "foo"
+    default_value = "default"
+
+    provider = FlagsmithProvider(mock_flagsmith_client)
+
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_environment_flags.side_effect = NotImplementedError()
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.return_value = Flags(
+        {key: Flag(feature_id=1, feature_name=key, enabled=True, value=value)}
+    )
+
+    # When
+    provider.resolve_string_details(
+        flag_key=key,
+        default_value=default_value,
+        evaluation_context=EvaluationContext(
+            targeting_key=targeting_key,
+            attributes={
+                "shared_key": "flat_value",
+                "traits": {"shared_key": "nested_value"},
+            },
+        ),
+    )
+
+    # Then
+    mock_flagsmith_client.get_identity_flags.assert_called_once_with(
+        identifier=targeting_key,
+        traits={"shared_key": "nested_value"},
+    )
+
+
 def test_resolve_boolean_details_uses_enabled_when_use_boolean_config_value_is_false(
     mock_flagsmith_client: MagicMock,
 ) -> None: