From a7e6e96ea89c73ac6027c4cbdf34c54c256162d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vladimir Pecanac <vladimir.pecanac@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 19:07:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] WPF vs WinForms vs WinUI vs Avalonia vs MAUI: add the
 DesktopUiFrameworks sample on net10.0

One temperature converter ViewModel (Converter.Core, net10.0) behind a WinForms
form (classic event handlers and a bound form with a button command), a WPF
window and an Avalonia 12.1.3 window, plus ViewModel tests and a headless
Avalonia window test (xUnit v3, Avalonia.Headless). WinForms and WPF set
EnableWindowsTargeting so the solution builds on Linux.
---
 .../Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml              |  8 ++
 .../Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml.cs           | 20 +++++
 .../Converter.Avalonia.csproj                 | 21 +++++
 .../Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml       | 15 ++++
 .../Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml.cs    |  8 ++
 .../Converter.Avalonia/Program.cs             | 15 ++++
 .../Converter.Core/Converter.Core.csproj      |  9 ++
 .../Converter.Core/ConverterViewModel.cs      | 48 ++++++++++
 .../Converter.Core/RelayCommand.cs            | 14 +++
 .../Converter.Tests/AvaloniaWindowTests.cs    | 44 +++++++++
 .../Converter.Tests/Converter.Tests.csproj    | 27 ++++++
 .../ConverterViewModelTests.cs                | 46 ++++++++++
 .../Converter.WinForms/BoundForm.cs           | 27 ++++++
 .../Converter.WinForms/ClassicForm.cs         | 28 ++++++
 .../Converter.WinForms.csproj                 | 16 ++++
 .../Converter.WinForms/Program.cs             | 19 ++++
 .../Converter.Wpf/App.xaml                    |  6 ++
 .../Converter.Wpf/App.xaml.cs                 |  7 ++
 .../Converter.Wpf/Converter.Wpf.csproj        | 16 ++++
 .../Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml             | 14 +++
 .../Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml.cs          |  8 ++
 .../DesktopUiFrameworks.sln                   | 90 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../DesktopUiFrameworks/README.md             | 35 ++++++++
 23 files changed, 541 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Converter.Avalonia.csproj
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Program.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/Converter.Core.csproj
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/ConverterViewModel.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/RelayCommand.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/AvaloniaWindowTests.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/Converter.Tests.csproj
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/ConverterViewModelTests.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/BoundForm.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/ClassicForm.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Converter.WinForms.csproj
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Program.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/Converter.Wpf.csproj
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml.cs
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/DesktopUiFrameworks.sln
 create mode 100644 dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/README.md

diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43940d2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             x:Class="Converter.Avalonia.App"
+             RequestedThemeVariant="Default">
+    <Application.Styles>
+        <FluentTheme />
+    </Application.Styles>
+</Application>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..234e444ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/App.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+
+namespace Converter.Avalonia;
+
+public partial class App : Application
+{
+    public override void Initialize() => AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
+
+    public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
+    {
+        if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        {
+            desktop.MainWindow = new MainWindow();
+        }
+
+        base.OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Converter.Avalonia.csproj b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Converter.Avalonia.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b19d7a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Converter.Avalonia.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="12.1.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="12.1.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" Version="12.1.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" Version="12.1.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Converter.Core\Converter.Core.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36f1bd155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+        xmlns:core="using:Converter.Core"
+        x:Class="Converter.Avalonia.MainWindow"
+        x:DataType="core:ConverterViewModel"
+        Title="Converter (Avalonia)" Width="320" SizeToContent="Height">
+    <Window.DataContext>
+        <core:ConverterViewModel />
+    </Window.DataContext>
+    <StackPanel Margin="12">
+        <TextBox Text="{Binding Celsius}" />
+        <Button Content="Convert" Command="{Binding ConvertCommand}" Margin="0,8" />
+        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Result}" />
+    </StackPanel>
+</Window>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6112d783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/MainWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace Converter.Avalonia;
+
+public partial class MainWindow : Window
+{
+    public MainWindow() => InitializeComponent();
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Program.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..130764294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Avalonia/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using Avalonia;
+
+namespace Converter.Avalonia;
+
+internal static class Program
+{
+    [STAThread]
+    public static void Main(string[] args) =>
+        BuildAvaloniaApp().StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
+
+    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp() =>
+        AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
+            .UsePlatformDetect()
+            .WithInterFont();
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/Converter.Core.csproj b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/Converter.Core.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ed914b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/Converter.Core.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/ConverterViewModel.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/ConverterViewModel.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39c897125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/ConverterViewModel.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Converter.Core;
+
+public sealed class ConverterViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
+{
+    public ConverterViewModel() => ConvertCommand = new RelayCommand(Convert, CanConvert);
+
+    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
+
+    public RelayCommand ConvertCommand { get; }
+
+    public string Celsius
+    {
+        get;
+        set
+        {
+            if (field == value) return;
+            field = value;
+            OnPropertyChanged();
+            ConvertCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
+        }
+    } = "";
+
+    public string Result
+    {
+        get;
+        private set
+        {
+            field = value;
+            OnPropertyChanged();
+        }
+    } = "";
+
+    private bool CanConvert() => double.TryParse(Celsius, out _);
+
+    private void Convert()
+    {
+        if (double.TryParse(Celsius, out var celsius))
+        {
+            Result = $"{celsius * 9 / 5 + 32:0.#} °F";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string? name = null) =>
+        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/RelayCommand.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/RelayCommand.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40d1656d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Core/RelayCommand.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using System.Windows.Input;
+
+namespace Converter.Core;
+
+public sealed class RelayCommand(Action execute, Func<bool> canExecute) : ICommand
+{
+    public event EventHandler? CanExecuteChanged;
+
+    public bool CanExecute(object? parameter) => canExecute();
+
+    public void Execute(object? parameter) => execute();
+
+    public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged() => CanExecuteChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/AvaloniaWindowTests.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/AvaloniaWindowTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81541a50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/AvaloniaWindowTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Headless;
+using Avalonia.Input;
+using Converter.Avalonia;
+
+[assembly: AvaloniaTestApplication(typeof(App))]
+
+namespace Converter.Tests;
+
+public class AvaloniaWindowTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task TypingAndClickingConvert_ShowsFahrenheit()
+    {
+        var session = HeadlessUnitTestSession.GetOrStartForAssembly(typeof(AvaloniaWindowTests).Assembly);
+
+        var (enabledBefore, enabledAfterTyping, result) = await session.Dispatch(() =>
+        {
+            var window = new MainWindow();
+            window.Show();
+            var panel = (StackPanel)window.Content!;
+            var celsiusBox = (TextBox)panel.Children[0];
+            var convertButton = (Button)panel.Children[1];
+            var resultText = (TextBlock)panel.Children[2];
+
+            var before = convertButton.IsEffectivelyEnabled;
+            celsiusBox.Focus();
+            window.KeyTextInput("100");
+            var afterTyping = convertButton.IsEffectivelyEnabled;
+
+            var center = convertButton.TranslatePoint(
+                new Point(convertButton.Bounds.Width / 2, convertButton.Bounds.Height / 2), window)!.Value;
+            window.MouseDown(center, MouseButton.Left);
+            window.MouseUp(center, MouseButton.Left);
+
+            return (before, afterTyping, resultText.Text);
+        }, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
+
+        Assert.False(enabledBefore);
+        Assert.True(enabledAfterTyping);
+        Assert.Equal("212 °F", result);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/Converter.Tests.csproj b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/Converter.Tests.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3533a52d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/Converter.Tests.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Using Include="Xunit" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.10.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.v3.mtp-off" Version="4.0.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="4.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Headless" Version="12.1.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Converter.Core\Converter.Core.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Converter.Avalonia\Converter.Avalonia.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/ConverterViewModelTests.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/ConverterViewModelTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edbf50435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Tests/ConverterViewModelTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+using Converter.Core;
+
+namespace Converter.Tests;
+
+public class ConverterViewModelTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void ConvertCommand_IsDisabled_UntilCelsiusParses()
+    {
+        var viewModel = new ConverterViewModel();
+        Assert.False(viewModel.ConvertCommand.CanExecute(null));
+
+        viewModel.Celsius = "warm";
+        Assert.False(viewModel.ConvertCommand.CanExecute(null));
+
+        viewModel.Celsius = "100";
+        Assert.True(viewModel.ConvertCommand.CanExecute(null));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("100", "212 °F")]
+    [InlineData("0", "32 °F")]
+    public void ConvertCommand_WritesFahrenheitToResult(string celsius, string expected)
+    {
+        var viewModel = new ConverterViewModel { Celsius = celsius };
+
+        viewModel.ConvertCommand.Execute(null);
+
+        Assert.Equal(expected, viewModel.Result);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SettingCelsius_NotifiesTheView()
+    {
+        var viewModel = new ConverterViewModel();
+        var changedProperties = new List<string?>();
+        var canExecuteChanges = 0;
+        viewModel.PropertyChanged += (_, e) => changedProperties.Add(e.PropertyName);
+        viewModel.ConvertCommand.CanExecuteChanged += (_, _) => canExecuteChanges++;
+
+        viewModel.Celsius = "25";
+
+        Assert.Equal([nameof(ConverterViewModel.Celsius)], changedProperties);
+        Assert.Equal(1, canExecuteChanges);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/BoundForm.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/BoundForm.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d4b62f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/BoundForm.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using Converter.Core;
+
+namespace Converter.WinForms;
+
+public sealed class BoundForm : Form
+{
+    public BoundForm(ConverterViewModel viewModel)
+    {
+        Text = "Converter (WinForms, bound)";
+
+        var celsiusBox = new TextBox { Width = 200 };
+        celsiusBox.DataBindings.Add(nameof(TextBox.Text), viewModel,
+            nameof(ConverterViewModel.Celsius), false, DataSourceUpdateMode.OnPropertyChanged);
+
+        var convertButton = new Button { Text = "Convert", Command = viewModel.ConvertCommand };
+
+        var resultLabel = new Label { AutoSize = true };
+        resultLabel.DataBindings.Add(nameof(Label.Text), viewModel, nameof(ConverterViewModel.Result));
+
+        Controls.Add(new FlowLayoutPanel
+        {
+            Dock = DockStyle.Fill,
+            FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown,
+            Controls = { celsiusBox, convertButton, resultLabel }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/ClassicForm.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/ClassicForm.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96d443bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/ClassicForm.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+namespace Converter.WinForms;
+
+public sealed class ClassicForm : Form
+{
+    private readonly TextBox _celsiusBox = new() { Width = 200 };
+    private readonly Button _convertButton = new() { Text = "Convert", Enabled = false };
+    private readonly Label _resultLabel = new() { AutoSize = true };
+
+    public ClassicForm()
+    {
+        Text = "Converter (WinForms, classic)";
+        Controls.Add(new FlowLayoutPanel
+        {
+            Dock = DockStyle.Fill,
+            FlowDirection = FlowDirection.TopDown,
+            Controls = { _celsiusBox, _convertButton, _resultLabel }
+        });
+
+        _celsiusBox.TextChanged += (_, _) =>
+            _convertButton.Enabled = double.TryParse(_celsiusBox.Text, out _);
+
+        _convertButton.Click += (_, _) =>
+        {
+            var celsius = double.Parse(_celsiusBox.Text);
+            _resultLabel.Text = $"{celsius * 9 / 5 + 32:0.#} °F";
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Converter.WinForms.csproj b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Converter.WinForms.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f5bad54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Converter.WinForms.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0-windows</TargetFramework>
+    <UseWindowsForms>true</UseWindowsForms>
+    <EnableWindowsTargeting>true</EnableWindowsTargeting>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Converter.Core\Converter.Core.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Program.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..239d2b021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.WinForms/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using Converter.Core;
+
+namespace Converter.WinForms;
+
+internal static class Program
+{
+    [STAThread]
+    private static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        ApplicationConfiguration.Initialize();
+        Application.SetColorMode(SystemColorMode.System);
+
+        Form form = args.Contains("--classic")
+            ? new ClassicForm()
+            : new BoundForm(new ConverterViewModel());
+
+        Application.Run(form);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a7f2f29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<Application x:Class="Converter.Wpf.App"
+             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml"
+             ThemeMode="System">
+</Application>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f80f32a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/App.xaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+using System.Windows;
+
+namespace Converter.Wpf;
+
+public partial class App : Application
+{
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/Converter.Wpf.csproj b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/Converter.Wpf.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a65f4b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/Converter.Wpf.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0-windows</TargetFramework>
+    <UseWPF>true</UseWPF>
+    <EnableWindowsTargeting>true</EnableWindowsTargeting>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Converter.Core\Converter.Core.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ee9b80c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Window x:Class="Converter.Wpf.MainWindow"
+        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
+        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+        xmlns:core="clr-namespace:Converter.Core;assembly=Converter.Core"
+        Title="Converter (WPF)" Width="320" SizeToContent="Height">
+    <Window.DataContext>
+        <core:ConverterViewModel />
+    </Window.DataContext>
+    <StackPanel Margin="12">
+        <TextBox Text="{Binding Celsius, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />
+        <Button Content="Convert" Command="{Binding ConvertCommand}" Margin="0,8" />
+        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Result}" />
+    </StackPanel>
+</Window>
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml.cs b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e4719935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/Converter.Wpf/MainWindow.xaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using System.Windows;
+
+namespace Converter.Wpf;
+
+public partial class MainWindow : Window
+{
+    public MainWindow() => InitializeComponent();
+}
diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/DesktopUiFrameworks.sln b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/DesktopUiFrameworks.sln
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36b80e54d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/DesktopUiFrameworks.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
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+EndProject
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+EndProject
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+EndProject
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+EndProject
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+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
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+		{3BE0AC99-FB97-4295-864E-C3A062713A52}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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+		{3BE0AC99-FB97-4295-864E-C3A062713A52}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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+		{3BE0AC99-FB97-4295-864E-C3A062713A52}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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+		{01989FC0-BCF3-4BEE-B926-D990368BB708}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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+		{01989FC0-BCF3-4BEE-B926-D990368BB708}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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diff --git a/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/README.md b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b4f92884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dotnet-platform-specific/DesktopUiFrameworks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# WPF vs WinForms vs WinUI vs Avalonia vs MAUI
+## https://code-maze.com/wpf-vs-winforms/
+
+One temperature converter, built three times on .NET 10. The same ViewModel drives a WinForms form,
+a WPF window and an Avalonia window, and a test project checks the ViewModel and the Avalonia window.
+
+| Project | Target | What it shows |
+|---|---|---|
+| `Converter.Core` | `net10.0` | `ConverterViewModel` and `RelayCommand`, written by hand, with no UI framework reference |
+| `Converter.WinForms` | `net10.0-windows` | `ClassicForm` (logic in event handlers) and `BoundForm` (bound to the ViewModel, with a button command) |
+| `Converter.Wpf` | `net10.0-windows` | `MainWindow.xaml` bound to the ViewModel, and the Fluent theme set in `App.xaml` |
+| `Converter.Avalonia` | `net10.0` | The same window in Avalonia XAML, with compiled bindings through `x:DataType` |
+| `Converter.Tests` | `net10.0` | ViewModel tests and one headless Avalonia window test (xUnit v3, `Avalonia.Headless`) |
+
+## Build and test
+
+```bash
+dotnet build DesktopUiFrameworks.sln
+dotnet test DesktopUiFrameworks.sln
+```
+
+The WinForms and WPF projects set `EnableWindowsTargeting`, so the solution also builds on Linux and macOS.
+The tests run on any operating system. The WinForms and WPF apps run only on Windows.
+
+## Run the apps
+
+```bash
+dotnet run --project Converter.WinForms              # the bound form
+dotnet run --project Converter.WinForms -- --classic # the event-handler form
+dotnet run --project Converter.Wpf
+dotnet run --project Converter.Avalonia
+```
+
+Type a temperature in degrees Celsius. The Convert button turns on once the text is a number, and a click
+shows the result in degrees Fahrenheit.